Download or read book Modelling radiocesium in lakes and coastal areas new approaches for ecosystem modellers written by Lars Håkanson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 10 years, there has been a `revolution' in ecosystem modelling. The generality and predictive power of our models have increased in a way that was inconceivable 10 years ago. This book describes a new generation of practically useful models that predict as well as one can measure - if one measures well. And yet, they are driven by readily available driving variables and have a general structure that applies to most types of pollutants in aquatic systems. The major reason for this development is, in fact, the Chernobyl accident. Large quantities of radiocesium were released in April/May 1986 as a pulse. To follow the pulse of radiocesium through ecosystem pathways has meant that important fluxes and mechanisms, i.e., ecosystem structures, have been revealed. It is important to stress that many of these new structures and equations are valid not just for radiocesium, but for most types of contaminants, e.g. for metals, nutrients and organics. This means that the models, methods (of building and testing models) and equations described in this book for lakes and coastal areas should be of great interest also to other ecosystem modellers. This book will be of considerable interest to: students in radioecology, geosciences and biology; environmental engineers; consultants; administrators and scientists interested in the spread, biouptake and ecosystem effects of chemical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.
Download or read book Models in Ecosystem Science written by Charles D. Canham and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative models are crucial to almost every area of ecosystem science. They provide a logical structure that guides and informs empirical observations of ecosystem processes. They play a particularly crucial role in synthesizing and integrating our understanding of the immense diversity of ecosystem structure and function. Increasingly, models are being called on to predict the effects of human actions on natural ecosystems. Despite the widespread use of models, there exists intense debate within the field over a wide range of practical and philosophical issues pertaining to quantitative modeling. This book--which grew out of a gathering of leading experts at the ninth Cary Conference--explores those issues. The book opens with an overview of the status and role of modeling in ecosystem science, including perspectives on the long-running debate over the appropriate level of complexity in models. This is followed by eight chapters that address the critical issue of evaluating ecosystem models, including methods of addressing uncertainty. Next come several case studies of the role of models in environmental policy and management. A section on the future of modeling in ecosystem science focuses on increasing the use of modeling in undergraduate education and the modeling skills of professionals within the field. The benefits and limitations of predictive (versus observational) models are also considered in detail. Written by stellar contributors, this book grants access to the state of the art and science of ecosystem modeling.
Download or read book Tools and Criteria for Sustainable Coastal Ecosystem Management written by Lars Håkanson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-20 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to discuss practically useful (operational) bioindicators for sustainable coastal management, criteria for coastal area sensitivity to eutrophication and an approach set a "biological value" of coastal areas. These bioindicators should meet defined criteria for practical usefulness, e.g., they should be simple to understand and apply to managers and scientists with different educational backgrounds. Central aspects for this book concern effect-load-sensitivity analyses. One and the same nutrient loading may cause different effects in coastal areas of different sensitivity. Remedial measures should be carried out in a cost-effective manner and this book discusses methods and criteria for this. Remedial strategies should generally focus on phosphorus rather than nitrogen because the effects of nitrogen reductions can rarely be predicted well and nitrogen reductions may favour the bloom of harmful cyanobacteria. Three case-studies exemplify the practical use of the bioindicators and concepts discussed in the book. The first concerns how local emissions of nutrients affect the receiving waters when all important nutrient fluxes are accounted for. The second concerns how to find reference values for "good" ecological status to set targets for remedial actions. The third gives a reconstruction of eutrophication. If the development during the last 100 years can be understood, key prerequisites to turn the development would be at hand. This book should attract considerable interest from researchers in marine ecology, consultants and administrators interested in management and studies of coastal systems.
Download or read book Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea written by Lars Håkanson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years the reduction of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea has been a hot issue for mass-media, science, political parties and environmental action groups with manifold implications related to fisheries (will the Baltic cod survive?), sustainable coastal development (have billions of Euros been wasted on nitrogen reductions?), ecotoxicology (can we safely eat Baltic fish?). This book takes a holistic process-based ecosystem perspective on the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, with a focus on the factors regulating how the system would respond to changes in nutrient loading. This includes a very special process for the Baltic Sea: land uplift. After being depressed by the glacial ice, the land is now slowly rising adding vast amounts of previously deposited nutrients and clay particles to the system. 110,000 to 140,000 tons of phosphorus per year are added to the system from land uplift, in comparison to the 30,000 tons of phosphorus per year from rivers.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Inland Waters written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 2589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inland aquatic habitats occur world-wide at all scales from marshes, swamps and temporary puddles, to ponds, lakes and inland seas; from streams and creeks to rolling rivers. Vital for biological diversity, ecosystem function and as resources for human life, commerce and leisure, inland waters are a vital component of life on Earth. The Encyclopedia of Inland Waters describes and explains all the basic features of the subject, from water chemistry and physics, to the biology of aquatic creatures and the complex function and balance of aquatic ecosystems of varying size and complexity. Used and abused as an essential resource, it is vital that we understand and manage them as much as we appreciate and enjoy them. This extraordinary reference brings together the very best research to provide the basic and advanced information necessary for scientists to understand these ecosystems – and for water resource managers and consultants to manage and protect them for future generations. Encyclopedic reference to Limnology - a key core subject in ecology taught as a specialist course in universitiesOver 240 topic related articles cover the field Gene Likens is a renowned limnologist and conservationist, Emeritus Director of the Institute of Ecosystems Research, elected member of the American Philosophical Society and recipient of the 2001 National Medal of Science Subject Section Editors and authors include the very best research workers in the field
Download or read book Waste Management and the Environment VII written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Waste Management and the Environment follows on from the success of previous meetings held in Cadiz (2002), Rhodes (2004), Malta (2006), Granada (2008), Tallin (2010) and the New Forest (2012). There is growing awareness of the detrimental effects of current waste disposal and a movement towards greater accountability for effective waste management. Better practices and safer solutions are required. This creates a need for more research on current disposal methods such as landfills, incineration, chemical and effluent treatment as well as recycling, waste incineration, clean technologies, waste monitoring, public and corporate awareness, and general education. Waste Management is one of the key problems of modern society due to the ever expanding volume and complexity of discarded domestic and industrial waste. Unfortunately many of the policies adopted in the past were aimed at short term solutions without due regard to the long term implications on health and the environment, leading in many cases to the need to take difficult and expensive remedial action. The desired direction of waste management is towards sustainable strategies. The approach which has emerged as the most sustainable strategy has been called 3Rs, where reduction, reuse and recycling, in this order, are seen as the best actions. Recently recovery is added as the fourth action (4Rs) applied in order to; for example, recover energy from waste that cannot be classified under the 3Rs. This largely decreases the volume of the waste that needs final disposal. Further steps are required towards improvement of current technologies, increased collaboration between the public, government and private sectors and increased involvement of all stakeholders. Topics covered include: Environmental impact; Reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery (4Rs); Cost and benefits of management options; Waste incineration and gasification; Energy from waste; Industrial waste management; Nuclear and hazardous waste; Agricultural waste; Wastewater; eWaste; Landfill optimization and mining; Remote sensing; Thermal treatment; Emergent pollutants; Environmental remediation; Legislation; Behavioural issues.
Download or read book Ecometric and Dynamic Modelling written by Lars Hakanson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-10 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accident of Chernobyl enabled the scientific community to study nuclear fall-out effects in situ establishing new kinds of interpretation methods. This study presents the development of ecometric analysis, mainly based on load diagrammes for entire ecosystems and their interpretation with regard to dynamic modeling. Practitioners and scientists in ecology, environmental sciences, limnology, hydrology and geosciences but also in agricultural and life sciences will profit from this textbook. It is the first book on ecometric modeling. Ecometry is an approach to establish so-called load diagrams (effect-dose-sensitivity diagrams) for entire ecosystems like lakes or defined coastal areas. Central aspects concern statistical relationships and causal relationships, clusters and functional groups of interrelated environmental parameters, area- and time compatible data, benefits and drawbacks with the ecometric approach, and the information value of parameters that vary in time and space. The book uses a new and comprehensive set of data on radioactive caesium in lakes (after the Chernobyl accident) to illustrate the various principles and steps in the protocol to establish load diagrammes. The ecometric approach can be used for most pollutants in different types of ecosystems.
Download or read book Eutrophication causes consequences and control written by Abid A. Ansari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eutrophication continues to be a major global challenge to water quality scientists. The global demand on water resources due to population increases, economic development, and emerging energy development schemes has created new environmental challenges to global sustainability. Eutrophication, causes, consequences, and control provides a current account of many important aspects of the processes of natural and accelerated eutrophication in major aquatic ecosystems around the world. The connections between accelerated eutrophication and climate change, chemical contamination of surface waters, and major environmental and ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems are discussed. Water quality changes typical of eutrophication events in major climate zones including temperate, tropical, subtropical, and arid regions are included along with current approaches to treat and control increased eutrophication around the world. The book provides many useful new insights to address the challenges of global increases in eutrophication and the increasing threats to biodiversity and water quality.
Download or read book The Fish Production Potential of the Baltic Sea written by Lars Håkanson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It presents a new approach to set fish quota based on holistic ecosystem modeling (the CoastWeb-model) and also a plan to optimize a sustainable management of the Baltic Sea including a cost-benefit analysis. This plan accounts for the production of prey and predatory fish under different environmental conditions, professional fishing, recreational fishing and fish cage farm production plus an analysis of associated economic values. Several scenarios and remedial strategies for Baltic Sea management are discussed and an "optimal" strategy motivated and presented, which challenges the HELCOM strategy that was accepted by the Baltic States in November 2007. The strategy advocated in this book would create more than 7000 new jobs, the total value of the fish production would be about 1600 million euro per year plus 1000 million euro per year related to the willingness-to-pay to combat the present conditions in the Baltic Sea. Our strategy would cost about 370 million euro whereas the HELCOM strategy would cost about 3100 million euro per year. The "optimal" strategy is based on a defined goal - that the water clarity in the Gulf of Finland should return to what it was 100 years ago.
Download or read book Modelling Radioactivity in the Environment written by E.M. Scott and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just as an environmental model typically will be composed of a number of linked sub-models, representing physical, chemical or biological processes understood to varying degrees, this volume includes a series of linked chapters exemplifying the fundamental nature of environmental radioactivity models in all compartments of the environment. Why is a book on modelling environmental radioactivity necessary? There are many reasons why such a boook is necessary, perhaps the most important that: - modelling is an often misunderstood and maligned activity and this book can provide, to a broad audience, a greater understanding of modelling power but also some of the limitations. - modellers and experimentalists often do not understand and mistrust each other's work yet they are mutually dependent, in the sense that good experimental science can direct good modelling work and vice-versa; we hope that this book can dispel mistrust and engender improved understanding. - there is an increasing reliance on model results in environmental management, yet there is also often misuse and misrepresentation of these results. This book can help to bridge the gap between unrealistic expectations of model power and the realisation of what is possible, practicable and feasible in modelling of environmental radioactivity; and finally, - modelling tools, capacity and power have increased many-fold in a relatively short period of time. Much of this is due to the much-heralded computer revolution, but much is also due to better science. It is useful to consider what gap if any still remains between what is possible and what is necessary.
Download or read book Lakes written by Lars Håkanson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The size and form of lakes regulate many general transport processes, such as sedimentation, resuspension, diffusion, mixing, burial and outflow. Lakes: Form and Function discusses how much of the variations among lakes in fundamental ecosystem characteristics may be related to lake morphometry, catchment area features, climatological factors and measurement uncertainties. The transport processes regulate many important variables, such as concentrations of phosphorus, suspended particulate matter, pH and color. These variables, in turn, affect primary production, which regulates secondary production, for example of zooplankton and fish. This book discusses such relationships using both empirical data and statistical analyses, and mechanistic principles and models. Researchers and students in limnology, as well as consultants and administrators interested in management and studies of lake systems, will enjoy reading this book. Lars Håkanson received his PhD in Physical Geography from Uppsala University, Sweden. He has written several papers and books related to recent sedimentological processes in lakes, rivers and coastal areas, to mass-balance modelling of radionuclides, nutrients and metals, to aquatic foodweb models and to water pollution.
Download or read book Proceedings written by International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Regional Models written by Peter Groffman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated regional models are conceptual and mathematical models that describe the physical environment, biological interactions, human decision-making, and human impact on the environment. Efforts are now being made to integrate regional models from the physical, biological and social sciences in order to respond to diverse environmental problems. This volume explores the latest research developments on processes operating at a variety of scales, including regions, and how scientists can combine their efforts to develop models linking biological, physical, and human systems. Data requirements for successful integrated regional models are identified and discussed. Chapters also consider methodological questions, such as whether to integrate disciplinary approaches at the beginning or the end of the modelling process, and whether integrated regional models should focus on specific regions or specific problems. The information in this volume will enable the reader to view problems such as coastal zone management, atmospheric pollution, non-point source pollution, commodity production in forested areas, and urban expansion in a broad, conceptual context. Researchers and graduate students in ecology, biology, geography and geology will benefit from this innovative approach to contemporary environmental problems.
Download or read book The British National Bibliography written by Arthur James Wells and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lake Foodweb written by Lars Håkanson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the LakeWeb-model, a general model to quantify lake foodweb interactions, including abiotic/ biotic feedbacks.
Download or read book Ecological Modeling in a Resource Management Framework written by Clifford S. Russell and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecometric and Dynamic Modelling written by Lars Hakanson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-05-07 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accident of Chernobyl enabled the scientific community to study nuclear fall-out effects in situ establishing new kinds of interpretation methods. This study presents the development of ecometric analysis, mainly based on load diagrammes for entire ecosystems and their interpretation with regard to dynamic modeling. Practitioners and scientists in ecology, environmental sciences, limnology, hydrology and geosciences but also in agricultural and life sciences will profit from this textbook. It is the first book on ecometric modeling. Ecometry is an approach to establish so-called load diagrams (effect-dose-sensitivity diagrams) for entire ecosystems like lakes or defined coastal areas. Central aspects concern statistical relationships and causal relationships, clusters and functional groups of interrelated environmental parameters, area- and time compatible data, benefits and drawbacks with the ecometric approach, and the information value of parameters that vary in time and space. The book uses a new and comprehensive set of data on radioactive caesium in lakes (after the Chernobyl accident) to illustrate the various principles and steps in the protocol to establish load diagrammes. The ecometric approach can be used for most pollutants in different types of ecosystems.
