Download or read book Modelling Nitric Oxide Formation and the Effects of Trapped Residual Gas on Combustion in Spark ignition Engines written by S. Sotiriou and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Knock and Nitric Oxide Emissions in Turbocharged Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines written by Dirk Linse and published by . This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Formation and Thermodynamic Modeling in Spark Ignition Engines written by Matthew John Rublewski and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Computer Model of Nitric Oxide Formation in Diesel Engines written by Stephen Leonard and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Model for Nitric oxide Formation in a Large bore Spark Gas Engine written by R. P. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling and Analysis of the Formation of Oxides of Nitrogen and Formaldehyde in Large bore Lean burn Natural Gas Engines written by Anamol Pundle and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions from large-bore, spark ignition engines running on natural gas pose a serious problem, especially in non-attainment areas. These engines emit substantial amounts of oxides of nitrogen, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The pathways of formation of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and formaldehyde (HCHO) have been explored in this study. This is done by using UWSI, a computer model of gas phase combustion in spark-ignition engines previously developed at the University of Washington, and through chemical reactor modeling using CHEMKIN. The UWSI model is set up and calibrated using data from a single test case. Further matching of NOx emissions for varying fuel-air equivalence ratios is also performed and the model is then used to predict NOx emission for three leanest cases beyond the range of test data. The HCHO emission from the model for each test case is examined. Several scenarios which may lead to HCHO formation in the engine are also modeled. NOx formation pathways at lean conditions in these engines are studied through chemical reactor modeling. A simplified NOx model based on the results of the chemical reactor modeling is developed and validated by comparing its results against those obtained from the UWSI code. Results obtained indicate that incomplete propagation of the flame across the cylinder is the most likely pathway to HCHO formation in these engines. Engines experiencing borderline auto-ignition may also contribute to HCHO emission, while unburned charge trapped in cracks and crevices and released late in the cycle is not indicated to have a significant effect. The Zeldovich and nitrous oxide pathways are shown to be the predominant contributors to NOx formation at lean conditions in these engines. A simplified NOx predictor based on these pathways is developed and validated against data obtained from the UWSI model.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Critical Test for Models of the Nitric Oxide Formation Process in Spark ignition Engines written by William Russell Aiman and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Models for Combustion of Hydrocarbons and Formation of Nitric Oxide written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of nitrogen oxides NOx during combustion of methane, propane, and a jet fuel, JP-4, was investigated in a jet stirred combustor. The results of the experiments were interpreted using reaction models in which the nitric oxide (NO) forming reactions were coupled to the appropriate hydrocarbon combustion reaction mechanisms. Comparison between the experimental data and the model predictions reveals that the CH + N2 reaction process has a significant effect on NO formation especially in stoichiometric and fuel rich mixtures. Reaction models were assembled that predicted nitric oxide levels that were in reasonable agreement with the jet stirred combustor data and with data obtained from a high pressure (5.9 atm (0.6 MPa)), prevaporized, premixed, flame tube type combustor. The results also suggested that the behavior of hydrocarbon mixtures, like JP-4, may not be significantly different from that of pure hydrocarbons. Application of the propane combustion and nitric oxide formation model to the analysis of NOx emission data reported for various aircraft gas turbines showed the contribution of the various nitric oxide forming processes to the total NOx formed. Jachimowski, C. J. and Wilson, C. H. Langley Research Center NASA-TP-1794, L-14106 RTOP 506-52-33-01...
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Formation and Modelling Uncertainty from Exhaust gas diluted Methane Flames written by Antonio Lipardi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are pollutants emitted by various combustion processes that are subject to increasingly-stringent regulations due to their impact on human health and the environment. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been shown to reduce NOx emissions by decreasing the oxygen concentration and, for a given heat release, reducing peak flame temperatures. Previous simulated combustion results (at a constant burning temperature) have demonstrated that EGR dilution may generate an NO minimization range governed by an increase in the prompt NO formation and a decrease in the thermal NO rate. However, this range is not predicted by all combustion models, thereby necessitating its experimental validation.This thesis conveys the constant burning temperature effects of EGR on NOx formation and the modelling performance of three thermochemical mechanisms (Gri-Mech 3.0, San-Diego 2005, and Combustion Science and Engineering). Using NO planar laser-induced fluorescence (NO-PLIF) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV), constant burning temperature (1850K and 2000K) measurements of nitric oxide (NO-PLIF), temperature (NO-PLIF), and flame reactivity (PTV) were performed on methane-air flames with (and without) EGR dilution using a counterflow apparatus. These results confirmed the existence of the EGR-induced NO minimization range. However, this interesting engine design constraint was obscured by the high level of variability (factor of approx. 4) and uncertainty (up to 99%) found in the simulated NO profiles. A reduced set of reactions that may serve as a basis for the optimization process of the investigated NO submodels is also presented." --
Download or read book Combustion Engineering written by Kenneth Bryden and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion Engineering, Third Edition introduces the analysis, design, and building of combustion energy systems. It discusses current global energy, climate, and air pollution challenges and considers the increasing importance of renewable energy sources, such as biomass fuels. Mathematical methods are presented, along with qualitative descriptions of their use, which are supported by numerous tables with practical data and formulae, worked examples, chapter-end problems, and updated references. The new edition features new and updated sections on solid biofuels, spark-ignition, compression-ignition, soot and black carbon formation, and current energy policies. Features include: Builds a strong foundation for design and engineering of combustion systems. Provides fully updated coverage of alternative and renewable fuel topics throughout the text. Features new and updated sections on solid biofuels, spark-ignition, compression-ignition, soot and black carbon formation, and current energy policies. Includes updated data and formulae, worked examples, and additional chapter-end problems. Includes a Solutions Manual and figures slides for adopting instructors. This text is intended for undergraduate and first-year graduate mechanical engineering students taking introductory courses in combustion. Practicing heating engineers, utility engineers, and engineers consulting in energy and environmental areas will find this book a useful reference.
Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Study of Nitric Oxide Formation During Combustion of Propane in a Jet stirred Combustor written by N. T. Wakelyn and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Computer Model of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide Formation in a Lean burn Gas fired Spark Ignition System written by Stephen F. Clark and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Cycle to cycle Variations on Nitric Oxide NO Emissions for a Spark ignition Engine written by Milivoy Villarroel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the effects of cycle-to-cycle variations (ccv) on nitric oxide (NO) emissions, and 2) determine if the consideration of ccv affects the average NO emission as compared to the mean cycle NO emission. To carry out the proposed study, an engine simulation model was used. The simulation determines engine performance and NO emissions as functions of engine operating conditions, engine design parameters, and combustion parameters. An automotive, spark-ignition engine at part load and 1400 rpm was examined in this study. The engine cycle simulation employed three zones for the combustion process: (1) unburned gas, (2) adiabatic core region, and (3) boundary-layer gas. The use of the adiabatic core region has been shown to be especially necessary to capture the production of nitric oxides which are highly temperature dependent. Past research has shown that cyclic variations in combustion cause ccv of burn duration, ignition delay and equivalence ratio. Furthermore, literature has shown that variations of these three input parameters may be approximated by a normal frequency distribution. Using the mean and standard deviation, and a random number generator, input values were tabulated for the ignition delay, burn duration and equivalence ratio. These three input parameters were then used to simulate cyclic variations in the combustion process. Calculated results show that cyclic variations of the input parameters cause the cycle-by-cycle NO emissions to increase and decrease by as much as 59% from the mean cycle NO of 3,247 ppm. The average NO emission resulting from ccv was 4.9% less than the mean cycle NO emission. This result indicates that cyclic variations must be considered when calculating the overall NO emissions.
Download or read book Analysis of Nitric Oxide Formation in Spark Ignition Engine with Heat Transfer and Effect of Ignition Point written by G. G. Lucas and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Models for Combustion of Hydrocarbons and Formation of Nitric Oxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides NOx why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
