Download or read book Modelling Li ion Battery Aging for Second Life Business Models written by Lluc Canals Casals and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric vehicles are, slowly but steadily, entering into the automotive market. The slow entry is caused, basically, by the high cost of their batteries. Additionally, electric vehicle batteries are considered not useful for traction purposes when they have lost between 20 or 30% of its capacity. At this point, batteries should be recycled by the phew companies capable to do so in Europe, knowing that management of batteries as industrial waste until the recycling factory costs money. In the search of economical incentives and trying to eliminate the recycling costs, the idea of electric vehicle battery reuse for stationary applications appeared, which will take advantage from the benefits of reused batteries selling or by the profit obtained from the 2nd life use. This thesis analyzes the different electric vehicle batteries actually in the market, studying the aspects that should be modified and that have to be taken into account when repurposing them. Moreover, it analyzes the remanufacturing costs taking into account the actual battery checking methods. In order to improve these processes, a novel battery state of health estimation methodology is developed using on-board data. This new methodology observes the voltage recovery evolution when the car stops and relates it to battery aging. This thesis studies the rest of useful life in the different possible applications for second life developing an aging model using Matlab and Simuling tools. This model includes the principal aging factors of a battery and, based on current load requirements and temperature profiles of different stationary applications, it determines their expected lifetime. The presented values can be used, afterwards, for economic evaluation, business model calculations, amortization periods and maintenance schedules. Finally, this thesis finishes with an environmental analysis based on the global warming effect produced by the electric vehicle and the battery reuse during its second life, evaluating their environmental presupposed advantages against internal combustion engine vehicles and the battery reuse in each possible business case. This thesis concludes that electric vehicle battery reuse is surely going to take place sooner or later. The electricity grid is waiting for affordable energy storage systems and battery reuse is foreseen as a good option.

Download or read book Green Energy and Environment written by Eng Hwa Yap and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Critical Analysis of Aging Models for Lithium ion Second life Battery Applications written by Sai Vinayak Ganesh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple second-life power demand profiles, which are representative of stationary energy storage, have been investigated and applied on a suitably sized second-life system architecture corresponding to different SOC ranges, C-rate and temperature of operation. The profiles considered in this study intend to showcase the limitations of each aging model as well as provide insights into the applicability of each model for that application.

Download or read book Modeling and State Estimation of Automotive Lithium Ion Batteries written by Shunli Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-07-16 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to evaluate and improve the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of automotive lithium-ion batteries. The authors first introduce the basic working principle and dynamic test characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. They present the dynamic transfer model, compare it with the traditional second-order reserve capacity (RC) model, and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed new model. In addition, they propose the chaotic firefly optimization algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the accuracy of SOC and SOH estimation through theoretical and experimental analysis. The book will benefit researchers and engineers in the new energy industry and provide students of science and engineering with some innovative aspects of battery modeling.

Download or read book Advances in Production Management Systems Production Management Systems for Volatile Uncertain Complex and Ambiguous Environments written by Matthias Thürer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Lithium Ion Batteries and Cells written by V. Subramanian and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2012 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design Optimization Approach to Estimate the Second Life Lithium ion Batteries Life Cycle Prediction written by Kwangwoo Yeum and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries degrade with cyclic usage and storage duration. Batteries close to their end-of-life can no longer fulfill their performance requirements, and have an increased likelihood of catastrophic failures. Different usage conditions, complex manufacturing, and lack of essential data contribute to the complex degradation of second life batteries and hinder accurate analysis of battery capacity degradation. Therefore, a quick and precise diagnosis of used batteries has become an important research area for battery management, specifically in large-scale power storage systems. This thesis illustrates potential approaches for diagnosing battery degradation, considering both a physical-based and a data-driven model. The main objective is to boost the degradation prediction with the data-driven model by leveraging artificially generated data from the physical model. The approach is divided into two steps with two different battery cell models. A gradient-free optimization approach is introduced with the most widely used battery model (21700), which comes with published data of its battery cell structure, to optimize inside-of-the-cell structure. We estimate the physical battery cell structure to acquire artificial data and compare the performance of the estimated battery against the original battery. Then the degradation prediction is investigated with the A123 battery, which has extensive and high quality of battery degradation data but lacks exact cell physical structural information. We acquire artificial degradation data by estimating the physical battery cell structure with the optimization approach, and then utilize these data to boost the original battery life cycle prediction. Linear regression and backpropagation methods (resilient backpropagation, conjugate backpropagation, and bayesian regularization backpropagation) are applied along with various test matrices and cross-validation to compare the life cycle predictions. The life cycle prediction was first conducted with only the actual data. Then the artificial data was added to the training sets to conduct the life cycle prediction. The life cycle prediction error with actual data was improved with resilient backpropagation and a sigmoid activation function by 4 - 6% compared to linear regression. Backpropagation performs better on test sets containing a large amount of extreme values than the linear regression. Lastly, the prediction results with artificial data and actual data were compared by using the regression and resilient backpropagation. Adding artificial data reduced the life cycle prediction error by 0.3 - 1.3% in the regression method; there was a greater improvement when the life cycle prediction error with actual data was over 15%. However, with the backpropagation method, adding artificial data resulted in larger prediction errors.

Download or read book The 9th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research written by Nídia S. Caetano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the 9th edition of the International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2022, took place in the middle of September, ISEP, Porto, Portugal (Hybrid). This book includes all the well-presented papers in ICEER 2022. The maturity of this conference series has now been reached, with a large number of participants from academia, as well as a few coming from the professional field. Linking together energy and environment research is not an easy task. However, it is now understood that these fields are interconnected and that the answer to the challenge of a sustainable future depends enormously on the willingness and capability of problem thinking in an integrated manner. This book presents the participants in ICEER 2022 contribution toward sustainability, through energy and environment research, thanks for all.

Download or read book Load Balancing Using Second Life EV Batteries A New Business Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Battery Energy Storage System written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-12-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook serves as a guide to deploying battery energy storage technologies, specifically for distributed energy resources and flexibility resources. Battery energy storage technology is the most promising, rapidly developed technology as it provides higher efficiency and ease of control. With energy transition through decarbonization and decentralization, energy storage plays a significant role to enhance grid efficiency by alleviating volatility from demand and supply. Energy storage also contributes to the grid integration of renewable energy and promotion of microgrid.

Download or read book Recycling of Lithium Ion Batteries written by Arno Kwade and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses recycling technologies for many of the valuable and scarce materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. A successful transition to electric mobility will result in large volumes of these. The book discusses engineering issues in the entire process chain from disassembly over mechanical conditioning to chemical treatment. A framework for environmental and economic evaluation is presented and recommendations for researchers as well as for potential operators are derived.

Download or read book Modeling and Control of State of Charge of Modular and Second Life Battery Systems written by Yunfeng Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to meet the increasing requirements for better utilization of renewable energy technologies, lithium-ion battery energy storage system have currently been developed to power an ever-increasing electrical applications in renewable energy industry and automotive industry. Energy storage capabilities are determined by the battery size, typically expressed in the units from watt hour to megawatt hour. Battery capacity is often fixed and amount of charge is specified in state of charge. If battery is used to plan for long term energy provision, battery size has to be chosen large, making battery energy storage system cost prohibitive. It is necessary to design battery smaller and in modular, but allow them to be exchanged and make sure different modular keep same for state of charge via balancing. In this dissertation, some state-of-the-art modeling and control approaches for battery energy storage system are thoroughly proposed and validated in detail. Firstly, a fractional differential model method is presented for modeling the dynamics of a lithium-ion battery system over a large operating range, which is combination of conventional equivalent circuit model and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experimental data. The proposed model includes a constant phase element term to approximate the non-linear dynamical behavior of the lithium-ion battery through broad operating range. The continuous-time system identification methods are introduced to estimate model parameters of the proposed fractional differential model. Validated on experimental data obtained from a lithium-ion battery, the estimated model provides better model accuracy and model performance than traditional integer equivalent circuit model methods. Secondly, to better utilize a battery energy storage system, a fractional differential battery modeling approach is proposed to characterize power delivery dynamics, given charge and discharge demand as an input, not only in normal operating range, but also in extreme cases, such as battery over-charging and over-discharging. In particular, the proposed model is combined by individual voltage and current models to predict the dynamics of the energy storage and delivery of a lithium-ion battery system. The continuous-time parameterization and estimation methods are fully described and validated on the experimental data from a lithium iron phosphate battery. Finally, some current scheduling strategies are proposed to solve battery heterogeneity and further improve the performance, lifespan and safety of a battery energy storage system with parallel connected battery modules. The scheduling algorithms are formulated in both open-loop and closed-loop implementation. The open-loop algorithm is formulated by solving a typical linear programming problem with detailed knowledge of the battery system. The closed-loop method is computed autonomously by recursive control algorithm without detailed battery knowledge, even when the characteristic parameters change as the battery pack ages. The experimental results indicate the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed current scheduling method in a battery pack system with parallel placed buck regulated battery modules.

Download or read book Project Management and Engineering Research written by José Luis Ayuso Muñoz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the best papers presented at the 19th International Congress on Project Management and Engineering, which was held in Granada, Spain in July 2015. It covers a range of project management and engineering contexts, including: civil engineering and urban planning, product and process engineering, environmental engineering, energy efficiency and renewable energies, rural development, information and communication technologies, safety, labour risks and ergonomics, and training in project engineering. Project management and engineering is taking on increasing importance as projects continue to grow in size, more stakeholders become involved, and environmental, organisational and technological issues become more complex. As such, this book offers a valuable resource for all professionals seeking the latest material on the changing face of project management.

Download or read book Modeling of Lithium Ion Battery Considering Temperature and Aging Uncertainties written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation provides a systematic methodology for analyzing and solving the temperature and aging uncertainties in Li-ion battery modeling and states estimation in electric vehicle applications. This topic is motivated by the needs of enhancing the performance and adaptability of battery management systems.

Download or read book Sustainable Business Model Perspectives for the Electric Vehicle Industry the Case of Battery Second Use written by Robert Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this doctoral research dissertation is to examine sustainable business model (SBM) perspectives for the rapidly developing Battery Second Use (B2U) market within the emerging electric vehicle (EV) industry. Previous research has shown that a global mass market adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is still hindered by the high costs of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Repurposing degraded EV batteries in second use applications holds the potential to reduce first-cost impediments of EVs. The research on new business models is limited. The ones that emerge rapidly within the EV and battery second use (B2U) industries focus mainly on economic aspects without integrating social and environmental dimensions. Simultaneously, the emerging research topic around sustainable business models (SBMs) seem to be able to bridge the environmental management concerns in conjunction with economic and social changes.This thesis further develops and extends extant literature by addressing this paucity through offering an interdisciplinary approach by drawing upon key perspectives from the emerging sustainable technology of EVs and its underlying B2U market in relation to SBMs. The research entails both, qualitative and quantitative assessments, to examine the correlation between SBMs and B2U. Major results indicate that B2U has led to innovative cross-sectoral multi stakeholder business relationships, particularly relevant for the previously isolated automotive and energy markets that are now investigating the full potential of second life batteries and hence new business opportunities for the first time in history. B2U holds the potential to facilitate current unsustainable practices in the EV industry. This in turn, will lead towards a faster EV market uptake and improvements of overall sustainability performance through SBM perspectives. Therefore, it was discovered that prospective innovative business models for B2U, which take a multi-stakeholder network centric business model design rather than firm-centric one, may prove to be a viable business case for sustainability. It was further unearthed that B2U leads to shared sustainable value creation mechanism for the EV industry (and newly emerging stakeholders) as part of innovative SBMs. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation proposes a new B2U innovative business model framework that records and explains the stakeholder relationships as an innovative and forming phenomenon, as well as opens new roads for future discussion among researchers and practitioners. This doctoral dissertation has addressed a paucity and inter-disciplinary literature gap and met an industrial and academic need accordingly. Overall, a new research stream emerges on SBMs for EV B2U and it is hoped that more contributions will follow to increase the impact and value of sustainable waste & resource management and the circular economy.

Download or read book Battery Pack Life Estimation Through Cell Degradation Data and Pack Thermal Modeling for BAS Li Ion Batteries Cooperative Research and Development Final Report CRADA Number CRD 12 489 written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battery Life estimation is one of the key inputs required for Hybrid applications for all GM Hybrid/EV/EREV/PHEV programs. For each Hybrid vehicle program, GM has instituted multi-parameter Design of Experiments generating test data at Cell level and also Pack level on a reduced basis. Based on experience, generating test data on a pack level is found to be very expensive, resource intensive and sometimes less reliable. The proposed collaborative project will focus on a methodology to estimate Battery life based on cell degradation data combined with pack thermal modeling. NREL has previously developed cell-level battery aging models and pack-level thermal/electrical network models, though these models are currently not integrated. When coupled together, the models are expected to describe pack-level thermal and aging response of individual cells. GM and NREL will use data collected for GM's Bas+ battery system for evaluation of the proposed methodology and assess to what degree these models can replace pack-level aging experiments in the future.

Download or read book Mathematical Model and Calendar Aging Study of Commercial Blended cathode Li ion Batteries written by Zhiyu Mao and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commercial blended-cathode Li-ion battery (LIB) systems has been dominating the burgeoning market for portable energy, ranging from consumer electronics to automotive applications. In order to successively improve the energy-power density and usage life of blended-cathode cells, an understanding in terms of the electrode design, electrochemical performance, and cell aging are necessary. A mathematical model based research approach is effective to quantitatively estimate all factors in the complicated system has been developed in this work, which will be beneficial for research and development of Lithium ion battery technology. In this thesis, a model based composition prediction technology for the of unknown commercial blended Li-ion battery cathodes is developed. It includes three steps of combined experimental and modeling methods. The electrochemically active constituents of the electrode are first determined by coupling information from low-rate galvanostatic lithiation data, and correlated with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) analyses of the electrode. In the second step, the electrode composition is estimated using a physics based mathematical model of the electrode. The accuracy of this model based approach has been assessed by comparison of this electrode composition with the value obtained from an independent, non-electrochemical experimental technique involving the deconvolution of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra. Based on the prediction technology, the commercial LIB with the composition of LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 - LiMn2O4 (NMC-LMO=70:30 wt%) cathode was accurately delineated. Then, a physics based mathematical model, including the two dimensions of single particle and electrode levels, is developed to describe the electrochemical performance of the NMC-LMO blended cathode. The model features multiple particle sizes of the different active materials and incorporates three particle-size distributions: one size for the LMO particles, one size for the NMC primary and one size for NMC secondary particles which presumably are agglomerates of NMC primary particles. The good match between the simulated and experimental galvanostatic discharge and differential-capacity curves demonstrates that the assumption of secondary particles being nonporous (i.e., solid-state transport) is reasonable under the operating conditions of interest in this case up to 2C applied current. In the modeling, a thermodynamic expression for diffusive flux and some parameters such as the effective electronic conductivity have been described and measured. A sensitivity of the fitted model parameters including kinetic rate constants and solid-state diffusivities has been analyzed. Using the multi-particle model, the different Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technology (GITT) experiments with varying pulse currents and relaxation periods for a NMC-LMO blended lithium-ion electrode have been described. The good agreement between the simulated and experimental potential-time curves shows that the model is applicable for all GITT conditions considered, but is found to be more accurate for the case of small current pulse discharges with long relaxation times. Analysis of the current contribution and the solid-state surface concentration of each active component in the blended electrode shows a dynamic lithiation/delithiation interaction between the two components and between micron and submicron NMC particles during the relaxation periods in the GITT experiments. The interaction is attributed to the difference in the equilibrium potentials of the two components at any given stoichiometry which redistributes the lithium among LMO and NMC particles until a common equilibrium potential is reached. Moreover, the model can also be used to fit the galvanostatic charge curves from the rate of C/25 to 2C by adjusting model parameters. Through the comparative study with galvanostatic discharge experiment, the asymmetry of capacity contribution of each component during both charge and discharge, i.e., LMO contribution increases during discharging but decreases during charging when the C-rate is raised. Dynamic analysis of the blended cathode shows that this asymmetric charge/discharge behavior of the blended electrode can be attributed to the difference in the equilibrium potentials of the two components depending on Li concentration and electrode composition and to the difference in the rate of solid-state diffusion of Li and kinetics limitations in LMO and NMC. At last, a calendar life under various aging conditions has been studied, including analysis at various states of charge (SOC) i.e., 35°C-0% SOC, 58°C-0% SOC, 35°C-100% SOC and 58°C-100% SOC, for a commercial NMC-LMO/graphite blended lithium-ion battery. Through the analysis of post-mortem for the 280 days aged cell at 58°C-100% SOC with the remaining capacity of 55%, the loss of cycleable lithium is the predominant reason of capacity loss, which can lead to a passivation layer formation on the surface of graphite and gas generation. The fitting result of 'open circuit voltage (OCV)-model' indicates the about 40% active materials have not been utilized due to the lack of cycleable lithium and gas generation in the aged pouch cell. A non-destructive pressure-loading experiment has been implemented, which demonstrated a recovery of the capacity of the aged cell by 21%, and the reason of redistribution of gas bubbles under pressure inside the pouch cell has been described in detail.