Download or read book Modeling Travel Time Distributions on a Road Network written by Santiago Arroyo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Highway Travel Time Distribution with Conditional Probability Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT Under the sponsorship of the Federal Highway Administration's Office of Freight Management and Operations, the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) has developed performance measures through the Freight Performance Measures (FPM) initiative. Under this program, travel speed information is derived from data collected using wireless based global positioning systems. These telemetric data systems are subscribed and used by trucking industry as an operations management tool. More than one telemetric operator submits their data dumps to ATRI on a regular basis. Each data transmission contains truck location, its travel time, and a clock time/date stamp. Data from the FPM program provides a unique opportunity for studying the upstream-downstream speed distributions at different locations, as well as different time of the day and day of the week. This research is focused on the stochastic nature of successive link travel speed data on the continental United States Interstates network. Specifically, a method to estimate route probability distributions of travel time is proposed. This method uses the concepts of convolution of probability distributions and bivariate, link-to-link, conditional probability to estimate the expected distributions for the route travel time. Major contribution of this study is the consideration of speed correlation between upstream and downstream contiguous Interstate segments through conditional probability. The established conditional probability distributions, between successive segments, can be used to provide travel time reliability measures. This study also suggests an adaptive method for calculating and updating route travel time distribution as new data or information is added. This methodology can be useful to estimate performance measures as required by the recent Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP 21).
Download or read book Vehicle Travel Time Distribution Estimation and Map matching Via Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods written by Bradford Scheid Westgate and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We introduce two statistical methods for estimating vehicle travel time distributions on a road network, using Global Positioning System (GPS) data recorded during historical vehicle trips. In the first method, we use a model of the path taken by each vehicle in the data, the travel time on each road segment in the network, and the location and speed errors for each GPS observation. In the second method, we use a model of the entire travel time of each trip, and include covariates such as the types of roads traveled and time of day. We estimate the parameters of both models by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We compare the performance of these methods with two simpler methods, a recently published method, and commercially available travel time estimates, using data from ambulance trips in Toronto and simulated data. Our methods outperform the alternative methods in point and distribution estimation of outof-sample trip travel times. Our methods also provide more realistic estimates than the recently published method of the probability that an ambulance is able to respond to each intersection in Toronto within a time threshold. We also consider map-matching, i.e. estimating a vehicle's path from sparse and error-prone GPS data, which is an important sub-problem for travel time estimation. In practice, successive GPS location readings are frequently biased in the same direction. We introduce a statistical map-matching method that takes into account bias in GPS locations, leading to improved accuracy.
Download or read book Road Traffic Inference and Data driven Routing written by Rens Kamphuis and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this thesis we develop data- driven procedures with the aim to identify individual-specific optimal routes. The approach entails modeling travel times as random variables, such that the travel time distribution of a route provides a full characterization of its travel time properties. While these travel time distributions are often not readily available, we infer them with data generated by users of the road network. After inferring the travel time distributions, we proceed by identifying the route that maximizes an individual's utility function. In doing so, we recognize that statistical uncertainty should be incorporated when determining the optimal route. Each chapter of this thesis outlines a specific data- driven approach, for which we tailor conventional statistical methods to be used with a specific type of data."--
Download or read book Urban Informatics written by Wenzhong Shi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.
Download or read book Urban and Regional Transportation Modeling written by Der-Horng Lee and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This collection in honor of David Boyce contains genuinely interesting and quality papers that reflect the diversity of interests of the honoree. David Boyce has made a number of significant contributions at the interface of transportation and regional science. He has been a pioneer of injecting rigor and consistency into spatial analysis. The papers here both reflect the ethos of this copious body of analysis and take it further in extensions and applications. It will prove to be an enduring source of ideas and insight.' - Kenneth Button, George Mason University, US
Download or read book The Traffic Assignment Problem written by Michael Patriksson and published by Courier Dover Publications. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides both a unified account of the development of models and methods for the problem of estimating equilibrium traffic flows in urban areas and a survey of the scope and limitations of present traffic models. The development is described and analyzed by the use of the powerful instruments of nonlinear optimization and mathematical programming within the field of operations research. The first part is devoted to mathematical models for the analysis of transportation network equilibria; the second deals with methods for traffic equilibrium problems. This title will interest readers wishing to extend their knowledge of equilibrium modeling and analysis and of the foundations of efficient optimization methods adapted for the solution of large-scale models. In addition to its value to researchers, the treatment is suitable for advanced graduate courses in transportation, operations research, and quantitative economics.
Download or read book Conceptual Modeling written by Gillian Dobbie and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER 2020, which was supposed to be held in Vienna, Austria, in November 2020, but the conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 28 full and 16 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 143 submissions. This events covers a wide range of topics, and the papers are organized in the following sessions: foundations of conceptual modeling; process mining and conceptual modeling; conceptual modeling of business rules and processes; modeling chatbots, narratives and natural language; ontology and conceptual modeling; applications of conceptual modeling; schema design, evolution, NoSQL; empirical studies of conceptual modeling; networks, graphs and conceptual modeling; and conceptual modeling of complex and data-rich systems.
Download or read book Modeling Travel Time Uncertainty in Traffic Networks written by Daizhuo Chen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainty in travel time is one of the key factors that could allow us to understand and manage congestion in transportation networks. Models that incorporate uncertainty in travel time need to specify two mechanisms: the mechanism through which travel time uncertainty is generated and the mechanism through which travel time uncertainty influences users' behavior. Existing traffic equilibrium models are not sufficient in capturing these two mechanisms in an integrated way. This thesis proposes a new stochastic traffic equilibrium model that incorporates travel time uncertainty in an integrated manner. We focus on how uncertainty in travel time induces uncertainty in the traffic flow and vice versa. Travelers independently make probabilistic path choice decisions, inducing stochastic traffic flows in the network, which in turn result in uncertain travel times. Our model, based on the distribution of the travel time, uses the mean-variance approach in order to evaluate travelers' travel times and subsequently induce a stochastic traffic equilibrium flow pattern. In this thesis, we also examine when the new model we present has a solution as well as when the solution is unique. We discuss algorithms for solving this new model, and compare the model with existing traffic equilibrium models in the literature. We find that existing models tend to overestimate traffic flows on links with high travel time variance-to-mean ratios. To benchmark the various traffic network equilibrium models in the literature relative to the model we introduce, we investigate the total system cost, namely the total travel time in the network, for all these models. We prove three bounds that allow us to compare the system cost for the new model relative to existing models. We discuss the tightness of these bounds but also test them through numerical experimentation on test networks.
Download or read book Information Technology and Intelligent Transportation Systems written by Valentina Emilia Balas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes the proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Information Technology and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITITS 2015) which was held in Xi’an on December 12-13, 2015. The conference provided a platform for all professionals and researchers from industry and academia to present and discuss recent advances in the field of Information Technology and Intelligent Transportation Systems. The presented information technologies are connected to intelligent transportation systems including wireless communication, computational technologies, floating car data/floating cellular data, sensing technologies, and video vehicle detection. The articles focusing on intelligent transport systems vary in the technologies applied, from basic management systems to more application systems including topics such as emergency vehicle notification systems, automatic road enforcement, collision avoidance systems and some cooperative systems. The conference hosted 12 invited speakers and over 200 participants. Each paper was under double peer reviewed by at least 3 reviewers. This proceedings are sponsored by Shaanxi Computer Society and co-sponsored by Chang’an University, Xi’an University of Technology, Northwestern Poly-technical University, CAS, Shaanxi Sirui Industries Co., LTD.
Download or read book The Evolution of Travel Time Information Systems written by Margarita Martínez-Díaz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the estimation of travel time in a very comprehensive and exhaustive way. Travel time information is and will continue to be one key indicator of the quality of service of a road network and a highly valued knowledge for drivers. Moreover, travel times are key inputs for comprehensive traffic management systems. All the above-mentioned aspects are covered in this book. The first chapters expound on the different types of travel time information that traffic management centers work with, their estimation, their utility and their dissemination. They also remark those aspects in which this information should be improved, especially considering future cooperative driving environments.Next, the book introduces and validates two new methodologies designed to improve current travel time information systems, which additionally have a high degree of applicability: since they use data from widely disseminated sources, they could be immediately implemented by many administrations without the need for large investments. Finally, travel times are addressed in the context of dynamic traffic management systems. The evolution of these systems in parallel with technological and communication advancements is thoroughly discussed. Special attention is paid to data analytics and models, including data-driven approaches, aimed at understanding and predicting travel patterns in urban scenarios. Additionally, the role of dynamic origin-to-destination matrices in these schemes is analyzed in detail.
Download or read book Quantifying Travel Time Variability in Transportation Networks written by Stephen David Boyles and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonrecurring congestion creates significant delay on freeways in urban areas, lending importance to the study of facility reliability. In locations where traffic detectors record and archive data, approximate probability distributions for travel speed or other quantities of interest can be determined from historical data; however, the coverage of detectors is not always complete, and many regions have not deployed such infrastructure. This report describes procedures for estimating such distributions in the absence of this data, considering both supply-side factors (reductions in capacity due to events such as incidents or poor weather) and demand-side factors (such as daily variation in travel activity). Two demonstrations are provided: using data from the Dallas metropolitan area, probability distributions fitting observed speed data are identified, and regression models developed for estimating their parameters. Using data from the Seattle metropolitan area, the appropriate capacity reduction applied to planning delay functions in the case of an incident is identified.
Download or read book A Travel Time Estimation Model for Facility Location on Real Road Networks written by Mohammad Ali Al Adaileh and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we solve the facility location problem based on the p-median model considering the effect of traffic on a real road network. We consider travel time as the cost function that we aim to minimize when locating facilities. The traffic counts data is not typically available for all links of a road network of interest due to the excessive cost of data collection. Therefore, we are proposing a model to estimate traffic counts for the links with unknown traffic based on the links with known traffic counts. The proposed model is tested on the road network of the city of Rockford, IL.
Download or read book Modelling Transport written by Juan de Dios Ortúzar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-15 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MODELLING TRANSPORT Comprehensive Textbook Resource for Understanding Transport Modelling Modelling Transport provides unrivalled depth and breadth of coverage on the topic of transport modelling. Each topic is approached as a modelling exercise with discussion of the roles of theory, data, model specification, estimation, validation, and application. The authors present the state of the art and its practical application in a pedagogic manner, easily understandable to both students and practitioners. An accompanying website hosts a solutions manual. Sample topics and learning resources included in the work are as follows: State-of-the-art developments in the field of transport modelling, including new research and examples Factors to consider for better modelling and forecasting Information and analysis on dynamic assignment and micro-simulation and model design and specification Agent and Activity Based Modelling Modelling new modes and services Graduate students in transportation engineering and planning, transport economics, urban studies, and geography programs along with researchers and practitioners in the transportation and urban planning industry can use Modelling Transport as a comprehensive reference work for a wide array of topics pertaining to this field.
Download or read book Evolving Transportation Networks written by Feng Xie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two centuries, the development of modern transportation has significantly transformed human life. The main theme of this book is to understand the complexity of transportation development and model the process of network growth including its determining factors, which may be topological, morphological, temporal, technological, economic, managerial, social or political. Using multidimensional concepts and methods, the authors develop a holistic framework to represent network growth as an open and complex process with models that demonstrate in a scientific way how numerous independent decisions made by entities such as travelers, property owners, developers, and public jurisdictions could result in a coherent network of facilities on the ground. Models are proposed from innovative perspectives including self-organization, degeneration, and sequential connection to interpret the evolutionary growth of transportation networks in explicit consideration of independent economic and regulatory initiatives. Employing these models, the authors survey a series of topics ranging from network hierarchy and topology to first mover advantage. The authors demonstrate, with a wide spectrum of empirical and theoretical evidence, that network growth follows a path that is not only logical in retrospect, but also predictable and manageable from a planning perspective. In the larger scheme of innovative transportation planning, this book provides a re-consideration of conventional planning practice and sets the stage for further development on the theory and practice of the next-generation, evolutionary planning approach in transportation, making it of interest to scholars and practitioners alike in the field of transportation .
Download or read book Estimators of Travel Time for Road Networks written by Piet H. L. Bovy and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Microsimulation to Estimate the Impact of Transportation Improvements and Operational Policy Changes on Travel Time Reliability written by Reza Golshan Khavas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, traffic engineers have designed roadway networks and operational strategies to manage congestion and minimize delays during the peak demand period for some “average” or “typical” day. However, increasingly, there is concern about not only the average traffic conditions along a route (during some period of the day), but also about the variability of the required time to traverse the route. Travel times vary as a function of the departure time according to relatively predictable changes in the traffic demands (i.e. travel times are longer during the peak commuting periods than during off peak periods). However, the time to complete the same trip at the same departure time also varies from day to day. The variability of travel time, and the associated additional costs, has introduced another performance measure in transportation engineering called travel time reliability (TTR). Travel time reliability has gained significant attention among the transportation researchers and practitioners recently. In this research, we aimed to implement traffic microsimulation models in order to model travel time reliability and finally to incorporate it into the alternative comparison. The contribution areas of this research are explained briefly in the following paragraphs. Previous work that has examined the impact of weather on the characteristics of the speed-flow-density relationship has defined the weather conditions a priori and then attempted to determine the macroscopic traffic stream characteristics for these categories. However, for the purposes of modeling travel time reliability, it is necessary to only capture those weather conditions for which the associated macroscopic characteristics are statistically different. In this research we develop a technique to distinguish distinct weather categories through an innovative method. Also, the process of determining macroscopic traffic stream characteristics requires the calibration of a macroscopic speed-flow-density model to field data. In employing this approach, we observed that the errors associated with the estimated parameters are impacted by the number and distribution of the observation points that used to calibrate the model. Therefore, we developed models to estimate the corresponding errors of the estimated traffic parameters and found that for most practical applications, the estimation of the jam density is most sensitive to the distribution of the calibration data. As a result, we suggested some specific conditions for which the jam density value should be assumed a priori rather than calibrated on the basis of the available field data. We additionally wanted to be able to model specific weather categories. We knew the traffic flow parameters of those weather conditions from the field data and we wanted the same traffic characteristics to be simulated in the traffic microsimulation model. Therefore, we proposed and evaluated a method to map the traffic flow characteristics to the TMM input parameters. The model developed in this research is not only applicable to simulate different weather categories, but also can be used to simulate any traffic condition -within the acceptable range of the model- when the traffic flow parameters are known. Furthermore, we aimed to monetize travel time (un)reliability. To do this we have adopted the unreliability cost in terms of the costs of arriving early or arriving late. This approach has been widely used to quantify the costs of unreliability of public transport system; however, for road transport, this construct requires that we know the scheduled travel time which, from the user's perspective is the anticipated travel. We carried out a stated preference survey to estimate the anticipated travel time based on the travel time distribution. On the basis of the survey responses, we proposed two models in which travelers ignore unusually long travel times when determining their anticipated travel time. Finally, we incorporated all of these findings to create an approach to quantify the cost of travel time (un)reliability using traffic microsimulation tools. We demonstrate this approach to evaluate two road improvement alternatives. We used the traffic simulation model VISSIM to compare these two alternatives based on the travel time cost and travel time reliability cost together.
