Download or read book Modeling the Wrist During Wheelchair Propulsion written by Sean Darren Shimada and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Three dimensional Shoulder Forces and Net Muscle Moments During Manual Wheelchair Propulsion written by Michael E. Hales and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Altering Wheelchair Propulsion Technique on Upper Extremity Demand written by Jeffery Wade Rankin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most manual wheelchair users will experience upper extremity injury and pain during their lifetime, which can be partly attributed to the high load requirements, repetitive motions and extreme joint postures required during wheelchair propulsion. Recent efforts have attempted to determine how different propulsion techniques influence upper extremity demand using broad measures of demand (e.g., metabolic cost). However studies using more specific measures (e.g., muscle stress), have greater potential to determine how altering propulsion technique influences demand. The goal of this research was to use a musculoskeletal model with forward dynamics simulations of wheelchair propulsion to determine how altering propulsion technique influences muscle demand. Three studies were performed to achieve this goal. In the first study, a wheelchair propulsion simulation was used with a segment power analysis to identify muscle functional roles. The analysis showed that muscles contributed to either the push (i.e. delivering handrim power) or recovery (i.e. repositioning the hand) subtasks, with the transition period between the subtasks requiring high muscle co-contraction. The high co-contraction suggests that future studies focused on altering transition period biomechanics may have the greatest potential to reduce upper extremity demand. The second study investigated how changing the fraction effective force (i.e. the ratio of the tangential to total handrim force, FEF) influenced muscle demand. Simulations maximizing and minimizing FEF both had higher muscle work and stress relative to the nominal simulation. Therefore, the optimal FEF value appears to balance increasing FEF with minimizing upper extremity demand and care should be taken when using FEF to reduce demand. In the third study, simulations of biofeedback trials were used to determine the influence of cadence, push angle and peak handrim force on muscle demand. Although minimizing peak force had the lowest total muscle stress, individual stresses of many muscles were>20% and the simulation had the highest cadence, suggesting that this variable may not reduce demand. Instead minimizing cadence may be most effective, which had the lowest total muscle work and slowest cadence. These results have important implications for designing effective rehabilitation strategies that can reduce upper extremity injury and pain among manual wheelchair users.

Download or read book Biomedical Aspects of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion written by L. H. V. van der Woude and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobility is fundamental to health, social integration and individual well-being of the human being. Henceforth, mobility must be viewed as being essential to the outcome of the rehabilitation process of wheelchair dependent persons and to the successful (re-)integration into society and to a productive and active life. Many lower limb disabled subjects depend upon a wheelchair for their mobility. Estimated numbers for the Netherlands, Europe and USA are respectively 80.000, 2,5 million and 1,25 million wheelchair dependent individuals. Groups large enough to allow a special research focus and conference activity. Both the quality of the wheelchair, the individual work capacity, the functionality of the wheelchair/user combination, and the effectiveness of the rehabilitation programme do indeed determine the freedom of mobility. Their optimization is highly dependent upon a continuous and high quality research effort, in combination with regular discussion and dissemination with practitioners. The book intends to give a state of the art view on the current fundamental, clinical and applied research findings and their consequences upon wheelchair propulsion, arm work, wheelchair training and possible consequences of a wheelchair confined life style. Also its implications for rehabilitation, as well as alternative modes of ambulation and activity in the wheelchair confined population, such as functional electrical stimulation and its possible future developments, are dealt with.

Download or read book Biomechanical Modeling of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion written by Amy N. Koehler and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of a manual wheelchair (MWC) for everyday mobility is associated with some degree of biomechanical risk, particularly to the user’s trunk and upper extremities (UE), due to the loads placed on the body during propulsion and transfers. An improperly fitting wheelchair can require users to exert higher force or result in awkward positions that can place unnecessary strain on the UE. The combination of repetitive motion, higher peak forces and large joint deflections may result in musculoskeletal problems or injuries. Clinical fitting methodologies are primarily categorical and qualitative and as such are based on the clinician’s perception and previous experience. Therefore, they do not provide a good basis for quantitative prediction of the impact of the wheelchair system on the user’s biomechanics and the associated risk for developing additional musculoskeletal problems. Recent studies have focused on the identification of MWC user UE injuries and clinical prescription adjustments to prevent those injuries. While many adjustments have been supported using experimental data, computational modeling allows for a wider range of test case scenarios and the inclusion of additional factors that cannot be easily estimated in vivo, including the impact of deviations and changes to a wheelchair prescription on the user’s force generation capabilities and more accurate risk identification. A few biomechanical models exist in current literature, but they are not adaptable for widespread use, utilize private software, are subject-specific or are insufficient in analyzing the user and wheelchair system.

Download or read book Three Dimensional Center of Pressure Modeling on the Pushrim During Wheelchair Propulsion written by William Scott Gear and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurement and Modeling of Wheelchair Propulsion Ability for People with Spinal Cord Injury written by Fei Yao and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Analysis and Biomechanical Modeling of Wheelchair Propulsion written by Konstantinos Vrongistinos and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Construction and Assessment of a Computer Graphics based Model for Wheelchair Propulsion written by Brooke Marie Odle and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upper limb overuse injuries are common in manual wheelchair using persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), especially those with tetraplegia. Biomechanical analyses involving kinetics, kinematics, and muscle mechanics provide an opportunity to identify modifiable risk factors associated with wheelchair propulsion and upper limb overuse injuries that may be used toward developing prevention and treatment interventions. However, these analyses are limited because they cannot estimate muscle forces in vivo. Patient-specific computer graphics-based models have enhanced biomechanical analyses by determining in vivo estimates of shoulder muscle and joint contact forces. Current models do not include deep shoulder muscles. Also, patient-specific models have not been generated for persons with tetraplegia, so the shoulder muscle contribution to propulsion in this population remains unknown. The goals of this project were to: (i) construct a dynamic, patient-specific model of the upper limb and trunk and (ii) use the model to determine the individual contributions of the shoulder complex muscles to wheelchair propulsion. OpenSim software was used to construct the model. The model has deep shoulder muscles not included in previous models: upper and middle trapezius, rhomboids major and serratus anterior. As a proof of concept, kinematic and kinetic data collected from a study participant with tetraplegia were incorporated with the model to generate dynamic simulations of wheelchair propulsion. These simulations included: inverse kinematics, inverse dynamics, and static optimization. Muscle contribution to propulsion was achieved by static optimization simulations. Muscles were further distinguished by their contribution to both the push and recovery phases of wheelchair propulsion. Results of the static optimization simulations determined that the serratus anterior was the greatest contributor to the push phase and the middle deltoid was the greatest contributor to the recovery phase. Cross correlation analyses revealed that 80% of the investigated muscles had moderate to strong relationships with the experimental electromyogram (EMG). Results from mean absolute error calculations revealed that, overall, the muscle activations determined by the model were within reasonable ranges of the experimental EMG. This was the first wheelchair propulsion study to compare estimated muscle forces with experimental fine-wire EMG collected from the participant investigated.

Download or read book Biomechanical Model of Pediatric Upper Extremity Dynamics During Wheelchair Mobility written by Alyssa J. Paul and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomechanical analysis has been used by many to evaluate upper extremity (UE) motion during human movement, including during the use of assistive devices such as crutches and walkers. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the upper extremity kinetics during wheelchair mobility, specifically within the pediatric population. In 2000, 90% of wheelchair users (1.5 million people) in the United States were manual wheelchair users, requiring the use of their upper body to maneuver the wheelchair as well as perform other activities of daily living. Among children under the age of 18, the wheelchair was the most used assistive mobility device at 0.12% of the USA population (about 88,000 children). Of these children, 89.9% (79,000) use manual wheelchairs. Associated with the leading causes of assistive mobility device usage in children and adolescents, are severe cases of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), cerebral palsy (CP), myelomeningocele (MM) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Once confined to a wheelchair, the upper extremities must take over the responsibilities of the lower extremities, including mobility and other activities of daily living. For many individuals who are wheelchair-bound since childhood, pain and other pathological symptoms present by their mid to late 20{u2019}s. Due to increased life expectancy and continual wheelchair use, these injuries may cause the user to have reduced, or loss of, independent function as they age, further decreasing quality-of-life. Better knowledge of upper extremity dynamics during wheelchair propulsion can improve understanding of the onset and propagation of UE pathologies. This may lead to improvements in wheelchair prescription, design, training, and long-term/transitional care. Thereby, pathology onset may be slowed or prevented, and quality of life restored. In order to better understand and model the UE joints during wheelchair mobility three main goals must be accomplished: 1. Create an upper extremity kinematic model including: additional segments, more accurate representations of segments and joint locations, consideration of ease of use in the clinical setting with children. 2. Create the corresponding kinetic model to determine the forces and moments occurring at each joint. 3. Implement the model and collect preliminary data from children with UE pathology.

Download or read book Ergonomics of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion written by L. H. V. van der Woude and published by Pro Juventute. This book was released on 1993 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Expanding the Models Used to Evaluate Wheelchair Propulsion and Shoulder Biomechanics written by Alicia Marie Koontz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomechanical Analysis and Modeling of Propulsion Force in Confined Wheelchair Configuration written by 林倩如 and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Biomechanical Upper Extremity Kinematics Model for Quantitative Human Motion Analysis During Wheelchair Propulsion written by Rebecca A. Boerigter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Understanding and Modelling Manual Wheelchair Propulsion and Strength Characteristics in People with C5 C7 Tetraplegia written by Laura Hollingsworth and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Validation and Extension of a Biomechanical Model of Wheelchair Propulsion written by Michael Lee Hofstad and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Relationships Between Muscle Weakness Wheelchair Propulsion Technique and Upper Extremity Demand written by Jonathan Steven Slowik and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are millions of individuals throughout the world that rely on manual wheelchair propulsion as their primary method of mobility. Due to the considerable physical demand of wheelchair propulsion, these individuals are at an increased risk of developing upper extremity pain and injuries that can lead to a progressive decline in independence and quality of life. The overall goal of this research was to use a combination of experimental analyses and forward dynamics simulation techniques to gain an increased understanding of the relationships between muscle weakness, wheelchair propulsion technique and upper extremity demand. In the first study, a set of simulations was used to investigate the compensatory mechanisms that result from weakness in specific muscle groups. The simulation results suggested that the upper extremity musculature is robust to weakness in individual muscle groups as other muscles were able to compensate and restore normal propulsion mechanics. However, high stress levels and potentially harmful shifts in power generated by the rotator cuff muscles were observed. Such overuse could lead to the development of pain and injury in these muscles, suggesting that rehabilitation programs should target strengthening these muscles. In the second study, a set of objective quantitative parameters was developed to characterize kinematic hand patterns and assess the influence of propulsion speed and grade of incline on the patterns preferred by a group of 170 experienced manual wheelchair users. Increased propulsion speed resulted in a shift away from under-rim hand patterns while increased grade resulted in the hand remaining near the handrim throughout the propulsion cycle. These results identified how individuals modify their hand patterns in response to different propulsion conditions encountered in daily activities. In the third study, simulations of four commonly observed hand pattern types were generated. The simulations revealed the double loop and semi-circular patterns had the lowest overall muscle stress and total muscle power, suggesting that these hand patterns may reduce upper extremity demand. Together, the results of these studies have provided a scientific basis for designing rehabilitation and training programs aimed at reducing the prevalence of upper extremity injury and pain among individuals who use manual wheelchairs.