Download or read book Modeling the Spectral Optical Properties of Ammonium Sulfate and Biomass Burning Aerosols written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of including the global and regional radiative effects of aerosols in climate models has increasingly been realized. Accurate modeling of solar radiative forcing due to aerosols from anthropogenic sulfate and biomass burning emissions requires adequate spectral resolution and treatment of spatial and temporal variability. The variation of aerosol spectral optical properties with local relative humidity and dry aerosol composition must be considered. Because the cost of directly including Mie calculations within a climate model is prohibitive, parameterizations from offline calculations must be used. Starting from a log-normal size distribution of dry ammonium sulfate, we developed optical properties for tropospheric sulfate aerosol at 15 relative humidities up to 99 percent. The resulting aerosol size distributions were then used to calculate bulk optical properties at wavelengths between 0.175[micro]m and 4[micro]m. Finally, functional fits of optical properties were made for each of 12 wavelength bands as a function of relative humidity. Significant variations in optical properties occurred across the total solar spectrum. Relative increases in specific extinction and asymmetry factor with increasing relative humidity became larger at longer wavelengths. Significant variation in single-scattering albedo was found only in the longest near-IR band. This is also the band with the lowest albedo. A similar treatment was done for aerosols from biomass burning. In this case, size distributions were taken as having two carbonaceous size modes and a larger dust mode. The two carbonaceous modes were considered to be humidity dependent. Equilibrium size distributions and compositions were calculated for 15 relative humidities and five black carbon fractions. Mie calculations and Chandrasekhar averages of optical properties were done for each of the resulting 75 cases. Finally, fits were made for each of 12 spectral bands as functions of relative humidity and black carbon fraction.
Download or read book Optical Properties of Moderately Absorbing Organic and Mixed Organic Inorganic Particles at Very High Humidities written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relative humidity (RH) affects the water content of an aerosol, altering its ability to scatter and absorb light, which is important for aerosol effects on climate and visibility. This project involves in situ measurement and modeling of aerosol optical properties including absorption, scattering and extinction at three visible wavelengths (467, 530, 660 nm), for organic carbon (OC) generated by pyrolysis of biomass, ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride, and their mixtures at controlled RH conditions. Novel components of this project include investigation of: (1) Changes in all three of these optical properties at scanned RH conditions; (2) Optical properties at RH values up to 95%, which are usually extrapolated instead of measured; and (3) Examination of aerosols generated by the pyrolysis of wood, which is representative of primary atmospheric organic carbon, and its mixture with inorganic aerosol. Scattering and extinction values were used to determine light absorption by difference and single scattering albedo values. Extensive instrumentation development and benchmarking with independently measured and modeled values were used to obtain and evaluate these new results. The single scattering albedo value for a dry absorbing polystyrene microsphere benchmark agreed within 0.02 (absolute value) with independently published results at 530 nm. Light absorption by a nigrosin (sample light-absorbing) benchmark increased by a factor of 1.24 +/-0.06 at all wavelengths as RH increased from 38 to 95%. Closure modeling with Mie theory was able to reproduce this increase with the linear volume average (LVA) refractive index mixing rule for this water soluble compound. Absorption by biomass OC aerosol increased by a factor of 2.1 +/- 0.7 and 2.3 +/- 1.2 between 32 and 95% RH at 467 nm and 530 nm, but there was no detectable absorption at 660 nm. Additionally, the spectral dependence of absorption by OC that was observed with filter measurements was confirmed qualitatively in situ at 467 and 530 nm. Closure modeling with the dynamic effective medium approximation (DEMA) refractive index model was able to capture the increasing absorption trend with RH indicating that the droplets were heterogeneously mixed while containing dispersed insoluble absorbing material within those droplets. Seven other refractive index mixing models including LVA did not adequately describe the measurements for OC. Mixing the biomass OC aerosol with select mass fractions of ammonium sulfate ranging from 25 to 36% and sodium chloride ranging from 21 to 30% resulted in an increase in light scattering and extinction with RH and inorganic mass fraction. However, no detectable difference in light absorption behavior in comparison to pure biomass OC was observed. The main finding of this research is a measured increase in absorption with increasing RH, which is currently not represented in radiative transfer models even though biomass burning produces most of the primary OC aerosol in the atmosphere.
Download or read book Air Pollution written by Abhishek Tiwary and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This established textbook offers a one-stop, comprehensive coverage of air pollution, all in an easy-reading and accessible style. The fourth edition, broadly updated and developed throughout, includes a brand-new chapter providing a broader overview to the topic for general reading, and presents fresh materials on air pollution modelling, mitigation and control, tailored to the needs of both amateur and specialist users. Retaining a quantitative perspective, the covered topics include: gaseous and particulate air pollutants, measurement techniques, meteorology and modelling, area sources, mobile sources, indoor air, effects on plants, materials, humans and animals, impact on climate change and ozone profiles and air quality legislations. This edition also includes a final chapter covering a suite of sampling and laboratory practical experiments that can be used for either classroom teachings, or as part of research projects. As with previous editions, the book is aimed to serve as a useful reading resource for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate courses specialising in air pollution, with dedicated case studies at the end of each chapter, as well as a list of revision questions provided at the end as a complementary section.
Download or read book Examensarbeit written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution written by Jeremy Colls and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one stop, comprehensive textbook, covering the three essential components of air pollution science. The Third Edition has been updated with the latest developments, especially the inclusion of new information on the role of air pollutants in climate change. The authors give greater coverage to the developing economies around the world where air pollution problems are on the rise. The Third Edition continues to cover a wide range of air quality issues, retaining a quantitative perspective. Topics covered include - gaseous and particulate air pollutants, measurement techniques, meteorology and dispersion modelling, mobile sources, indoor air, effects on plants, materials, humans and animals. Moving away from classical toxic air pollutants, there is a chapter on climate change and another on the depletion of stratospheric ozone. A special feature of this new edition is the inclusion of a fresh chapter on air pollution mitigation by vegetation, mainly its role in maintaining a sustainable urban environment. Recommended for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate courses specialising in air pollution, both for environmental scientists and engineers. The new material included in the Third Edition extends its use by practitioners in consultancies or local authorities.
Download or read book NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Adarsh Deepak and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy written by Ruth Signorell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helping you better understand the processes, instruments, and methods of aerosol spectroscopy, Fundamentals and Applications in Aerosol Spectroscopy provides an overview of the state of the art in this rapidly developing field. It covers fundamental aspects of aerosol spectroscopy, applications to atmospherically and astronomically relevant problem
Download or read book Development of Corrections for Biomass Burning Effects in Version 2 of Gewex Srb Algorithm written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project were: (1) To incorporate into an existing version of the University of Maryland Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) model, optical parameters of forest fire aerosols, using best available information, as well as optical properties of other aerosols, identified as significant. (2) To run the model on regional scales with the new parametrization and information on forest fire occurrence and plume advection, as available from NASA LARC, and test improvements in inferring surface fluxes against daily values of measured fluxes. (3) Develop strategy how to incorporate the new parametrization on global scale and how to transfer modified model to NASA LARC.Pinker, Rachel T. and Laszlo, I. and Dicus, Dennis L. (Technical Monitor)Langley Research CenterATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; MODELS; PARAMETERIZATION; ENERGY BUDGETS; ALGORITHMS; PLUMES; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; FOREST FIRES; CORRECTION; BIOMASS BURNING; AEROSOLS
Download or read book Constructive Processing of Microwave and Optical Data for Hydrogeochemical Applications written by Costas A. Varotsos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-24 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents results of the combined use of microwave remote sensing, optical tools, and ecoinformatics methods under solution-applied tasks at both regional and global scales. Ecoinformatics methods are used to assess links between global climate change and the level of ocean pollution, with specific focus on the Arctic Ocean, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the South-China Sea. The theoretical and applied aspects of instrumental tools are considered in this book as a basis for the monitoring of water quality in various watersheds, with particular attention to microwave remote sensing monitoring data to determine the ecotoxicological status of hydro-ecosystems affected by climate change. The book develops new information technologies that provide solutions for hydrochemical tasks using algorithms and models based on computer technologies for big data processing. This will help to synthesize effective computer-based systems for the solution of problems arising due to anthropogenic impacts on hydrological processes and objects at various spatial scales. This book is intended for specialists in the fields of environmental monitoring, climate change, human-nature interactions, and geopolitics. The book will be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying these fields of science as well.
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties written by Kirill Ya. Kondratyev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of how aerosols form in the atmosphere through in situ processes as well as via transport from the surface (dust storms, seas spray, biogenic emissions, forest fires etc.). Such an analysis has been followed by the consideration of both observation data (various field observational experiments) and numerical modeling results to assess climate impacts of aerosols bearing in mind that these impacts are the most significant uncertainty in studying natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change.
Download or read book Aerosol Optics written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-18 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new text offers experienced students a comprehensive review of available techniques for the remote sensing of aerosols. These small particles influence both atmospheric visibility and the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. They are also of great importance in any consideration of climate change problems. Aerosols may also be responsible for the loss of harvests, human health problems and ecological disasters. Thus, this detailed study of aerosol properties on a global scale could not be more timely.
Download or read book Publications Abstracts written by Environmental Research Laboratories (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Properties of Biomass Burning Aerosols Measured During FLAME 4 written by Rudra Prasad Pokhrel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical properties of biomass burning aerosol at three different wavelengths (405, 532, and 660 nm) have been measured during the Fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), which took place at the Fire Science Laboratory in Missoula, Montana, in October and November, 2012. During the experiment, absorption and extinction coefficients of aerosol emissions from biomass burning were measured. A photo-acoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS) measured the absorption coefficient of dry and denuded aerosol while a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) measured the extinction coefficient of dry and denuded aerosol. During the experiment, a wide range of fuels that represent significant sources of biomass emissions from different parts of world were burned. Fuels included trees, grasses, shrubs and peat. Fuels were burned in two different ways namely stack burns which allowed for measurements during different phases of the burn (flaming vs. smoldering) and room burns which allowed for detailed measurements of well mixed smoke from all phases of the fire. Single scattering albedo (SSA) and absorption angstrom exponent (AAE) values for the biomass burning aerosols have been calculated are now represented. Eight fuels were combusted during 20 individual stack burns and 12 fuels were analyzed during 21 room burns. Parameterizations of SSA and AAE as functions of modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and a proxy for the ratio of black carbon to organic carbon mass (BC:OA proxy) have been developed. The BC:OA proxy is found to shown better correlation to both SSA and AAE than does MCE. Combined of the stack and room burn results (41 individual burns and 12 different fuels) show that the BC:OA proxy can explain 94% of the variability in SSA and 70 % of the variability in AAE while MCE can only explain 40 % and 54 % of the variability in SSA and AAE, respectively.
Download or read book Atmospheric Ozone Variability written by Kirill I︠A︡kovlevich Kondratʹev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-04 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that the ozone layer protects the Earth and its life from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the sun. It has also been discovered that this layer was being depleted to the extent that holes were appearing in it by several substances (such as CFCs) which have since been banned. Despite this action recent studies have shown that the ozone layer is still being depleted at a rapid rate and that holes are now beginning to appear over areas which are quite densely populated. Atmospheric Ozone Variability examines the potential problems that depletion of ozone causes in relation to climate change, human health and the ecosystem. It also examines the ways in which ozone is formed and depleted as being fundamental to the debate.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Aerosols Clouds and Precipitation written by Tanvir Islam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike. - Presents new approaches in the field, along with further research opportunities, based on the latest satellite data - Focuses on how remote sensing systems can be designed/developed to solve outstanding problems in earth and atmospheric sciences - Edited by a dynamic team of editors with a mixture of highly skilled and qualified authors offering world-leading expertise in the field
Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycles in Globalization and Sustainable Development written by Vladimir F. Krapivin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-21 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new approach to the study of global environmental changes that have unfavorable implications for people and other living systems. The book benefits from the accumulation of knowledge from different sciences. Basic global problems of the nature-society system dynamics are considered. The book aims to develop a universal information technology to estimate the state of environmental subsystems functioning under various climatic and anthropogenic conditions.
