Download or read book Modeling the Engineering Design and Financial Feasibility of the Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System Configured to Produce Electricity Heat and Natural Gas from Organic Solid Waste written by Joshua Lewis Rapport and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermophilic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Waste in an Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System written by Willus B. Withrow and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester Pilot Demonstration Project written by Ruihong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Large scale Anaerobic Digestion of Food Processing Waste and Pretreatment of Agricultural Residue for Enhancement of Biogas Production written by Joshua Lewis Rapport and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a waste-treatment and renewable-energy technology for wastewater and solid organic waste streams (i.e. food processing, agricultural, and municipal solid waste). This research project was designed to test a large-scale, high-solids, high-temperature, multi-stage anaerobic digester design developed at the University of California at Davis known as the Anaerobic Phased Solids (APS) Digester system. The system was tested over 10 months with 229 t cannery waste, producing 650 m3 biogas per ton of volatile solids loaded (53% methane). In addition to operational testing, heat transfer in the reactors was modeled to improve the energy balance for the system. A steady-state model was used to determine heat transfer coefficients at the insulated wall and uninsulated roof and floor, revealing that the majority of heat loss may have occurred through the floor and roof of the reactor. Wind speed, solar gain, radiative losses and air temperature appreciably influenced heat transfer rate while mixing velocity did not. The transient solution to the model matched reactor temperature over time and total heat demand at the pilot plant. An axisymmetric model was also developed to evaluate spatial temperature distribution in the reactor.In addition to digesting food waste, laboratory experiments were designed to test the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet leaves. Sugar beets are a high-yield feedstock for bioethanol with beneficial agronomic characteristics. The methane potential of sugar beet leaves was determined with and without pretreatments (i.e. sodium hydroxide and water soaking). The pretreatments were found to be moderately beneficial, but digestion without pretreatment consumed 80-85% of the volatile solids with VS-based methane yields of 280 - 320 mL/g. Furthermore, process modeling revealed that a digester co-located with a 38 dam3/y sugar-beet-to-ethanol fermentation facility could convert 726 t/d wet sugar beet leaves to 824 GJ/d as biogas (50% methane) in four 5,374 m3 reactors drawing 540 kW of electrical power, which could be produced from 14% of the biogas. After heating the digester, there would be 545 GJ/d of additional heat which could provide 55% of the energy required for ethanol production. The financial, agronomic, and environmental effects merit further study.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge to Methane written by Steven J. Hitte and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester APS digester System for Biogasification of Agricultural and Food Wastes written by Zhiqin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste for Energy Production written by Satoto Endar Nayono and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as such or together with food waste, press water or patatoes sludge was investigated to equilibrate methane production within a day or over the weekend, when no OFMSW was available. A stable co-digestion process could be achieved with COD degradation between 60 and 80 %. The max. organic loading rates were 28 kg COD/L, d. For stable methane production the OLR during Co-digestion should not excede 22,5 kg/L,
Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.
Download or read book Energy and Economic Assessment of Anaerobic Digesters and Biofuels for Rural Waste Management written by Tom P. Abeles and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Waste Management written by Karl J. Thomé-Kozmiensky and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling a Solar heated Anaerobic Digester for the Developing World Using System Dynamics written by Johanna Lynn Bentley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Much of the developing world lacks access to a dependable source of energy. Agricultural societies such as Mozambique and Papua New Guinea could sustain a reliable energy source through the microbacterial decomposition of animal and crop waste. Anaerobic digestion produces methane, which can be used directly for heating, cooking, and lighting. Adding a solar component to the digester provides a catalyst for bacteria activity, accelerating digestion and increasing biogas production. Using methane decreases the amount of energy expended by collecting and preparing firewood, eliminates hazardous health effects linked to inhalation of particles, and provides energy close to where it is needed. The purpose of this work is two fold: initial efforts focus on the development and validation of a computer-based system dynamics model that combines elements of the anaerobic digestion process in order to predict methane output; second, the model is flexed to explore how the addition of a solar component increases robustness of the design, examines predicted biogas generation as a function of varying input conditions, and determines how best to configure such systems for use in varying developing world environments. Therefore, the central components of the system: solar insolation, waste feedstock, bacteria population and consumption rates, and biogas production are related both conceptually and mathematically through a serious of equations, conversions, and a causal loop and feedback diagram. Given contextual constraints and initial assumptions for both locations, it was determined that solar insolation and subsequent digester temperature control, amount of waste, and extreme weather patterns had the most significant impact on the system as a whole. Model behavior was both reproducible and comparable to that demonstrated in existing experimental systems. This tool can thus be flexed to fit specific contexts within the developing world to improve the standard of living of many people, without significantly altering everyday activities."--Abstract.
Download or read book Development of a Semi continuous Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester for the Biogasification of Food Processing Waste written by Amitha Padmavathi Reddy and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Wastes of Variable Composition written by Nigel Gareth Hugh Guilford and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Every year in Canada approximately 8 million tonnes of organic solid waste is placed in landfills where it decomposes anaerobically over decades, produces large volumes of leachate requiring treatment, and releases 20 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions as CO2eq. Anaerobically digesting this waste prior to landfill would obviously be beneficial, but this is difficult to achieve because solid waste is a complex, heterogeneous and variable mixture, making any form of processing much more expensive than landfill. This thesis investigates the capabilities of a new approach to the anaerobic digestion of solid waste designed to overcome these obstacles. Most of the costly separation and pretreatment steps common in European anaerobic digesters are eliminated. The waste remains stationary, the leachate is recirculated through it, and the resulting digestate is aerobically cured. The biogas generated is recovered for the generation of electricity or the production of renewable natural gas. A laboratory scale system comprising six sequentially batch fed leach beds and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was constructed, and operated continuously for 616 days. The feedstock consisted of a mixture of cardboard, boxboard, newsprint, and fine paper, to which varying amounts of food waste were added (from 0% to 29% on a COD basis). The digester accommodated these and other changes without any signs of process upset or instability. It was found that the addition of food waste increased biogas production from the fibre mixture from 101 L.kg-1CODfibreadded to 330 L. kg-1CODfibreadded an increase of 225%. A substrate destruction efficiency of 65% (on a COD basis) and a methane yield of 225 L.kg-1 CODadded were achieved, at a solids retention time of 42 days. This performance was similar to that of a CSTR digesting similar wastes. A financial analysis showed that the technology can be competitive with landfill.
Download or read book Intermediate scale High solids Anaerobic Digestion System Operational Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic bioconversion of solid organic wastes represents a disposal option in which two useful products may be produced, including a medium Btu fuel gas (biogas) and a compost-quality organic residue. The application of high-solids technology may offer several advantages over conventional low-solids digester technology. Operation of the anaerobic digestion process at high solids reduces the level of process water and thereby the size and capital costs for the digester system. In addition, by virtue of the lack of available water, the microbial catalysts are more productive in feedstock polymer hydrolysis. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed a unique digester system capable of uniformly mixing high-solids materials at low cost. Information gained from laboratory-scale digester research was used to develop die intermediate-scale digester system. This system represents a 50-fold scale-up of the original digester system and includes continuous feed addition and computer monitoring and control. During the first 1.15 years of operation, a variety of modifications and improvements were instituted to increase the safety, reliability, and performance of the system. Those improvements -- which may be critical in further scale-up efforts using the NREL high-solids digester design -- are detailed in this report.
Download or read book Integrated Solid Waste Management A Lifecycle Inventory written by P.R. White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is often considered to be a journey. The lifecycle of waste can similarly be considered to be a journey from the cradle (when an item becomes valueless and, usually, is placed in the dustbin) to the grave (when value is restored by creating usable material or energy; or the waste is transformed into emissions to water or air, or into inert material placed in a landfill). This preface provides a route map for the journey the reader of this book will undertake. Who? Who are the intended readers of this book? Waste managers (whether in public service or private companies) will find a holistic approach for improving the environmental quality and the economic cost of managing waste. The book contains general principles based on cutting edge experience being developed across Europe. Detailed data and a computer model will enable operations managers to develop data-based improvements to their systems. Producers oj waste will be better able to understand how their actions can influence the operation of environmentally improved waste management systems. Designers oj products and packages will be better able to understand how their design criteria can improve the compatibility of their product or package with developing, environmentally improved waste management systems. Waste data specialists (whether in laboratories, consultancies or environ mental managers of waste facilities) will see how the scope, quantity and quality of their data can be improved to help their colleagues design more effective waste management systems.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 ADM1 written by IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13
Download or read book Anaerobic Reactors written by Carlos Augustos de Lemos Chernicharo and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic Reactors is the forth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The fundamentals of anaerobic treatment are presented in detail, including its applicability, microbiology, biochemistry and main reactor configurations. Two reactor types are analysed in more detail, namely anaerobic filters and especially UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors. Particular attention is also devoted to the post-treatment of the effluents from the anaerobic reactors. The book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines for anaerobic reactors. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal
