Download or read book Modeling the Advanced Flash Stripper for CO2 Capture Using 5 M Piperazine written by Junyuan Ding and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amine scrubbing is the most mature technology for post-combustion CO2 capture. Several studies have demonstrated that the advanced flash stripper (AFS) consumes less energy among stripper alternatives. This thesis seeks to demonstrate the AFS energy performance and cost over a wide range of CO2 loading. Solvent models based on experimental results have been created by previous researchers and are available for simulation and process modeling in Aspen Plus®. In collaboration with Membrane Technology and Research Inc., various hybrid amine/membrane configurations were studied to minimize the total CO2 capture cost. CO2 in the flue gas is enriched by membranes from 12% to 18 and 23% for coal-fired power plant, and from 6% to 12~18% for natural gas combined cycle power plant (NGCC). The CO2 loading covers the range of flue gas CO2 from coal-fired power plants and NGCC. For each configuration, the cold and warm rich bypasses are optimized to minimize the energy cost. The cost optimization is also demonstrated on 5 m PZ, 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ, and 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD. The most cost-effective solvent varies with the flue gas CO2. When applied to a coal-fired power plant, hybrid parallel amine/membrane designs with 99% and 95% CO2 removal cost less than hybrid series with 60% CO2 removal. The equivalent work of the parallel configuration with 99% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ (32.3 kJ/mol CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ (34.0 kJ/mol CO2). The equivalent work with 95% CO2 removal (Case 19) using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ (32.5 kJ/mol CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ (33.3 kJ/mol CO2). The capital cost with 99% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ ($70.5MM) is more than using 5 m PZ ($67.5MM). The capital cost with 95% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ ($73.5MM) is less than using 5 m PZ ($79.5MM). The total annual cost with 95% CO2 removal using 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD ($38.7/tonne CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ ($41.5/tonne CO2). When applied to NGCC, the cost of amine scrubbing is reduced by increasing absorber inlet CO2 by membranes. However, this is offset by the membrane cost. As absorber inlet CO2 increases from 6% to 18%, the operating cost decreases from $18.8 to $15.4/tonne CO2, while total regeneration cost decreases from $35.6 to $33.1/tonne CO2.

Download or read book Pilot Plant Modeling of Advanced Flash Stripper with Piperazine written by Joseph Leo Selinger and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementation of carbon capture using amine scrubbing is limited by the large energy penalty of CO2 capture and compression. Alternative stripper designs can reduce lost work in the stripper by implementing heat recovery unit operations and reducing opportunities for solvent degradation. The advanced flash stripper (AFS) has reduced the required equivalent work by 12-15% compared to the simple stripper by using multiple solvent bypasses to equalize heat capacity across cross exchangers and minimizing lost latent heat of water vapor in the condenser. The Advanced Flash Stripper using 5 m piperazine was studied at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC) pilot plant, which presented the novel opportunity to test the solvent and design configuration with coal-fired power plant flue gas. Piperazine (PZ) solvent was stripped of CO2 with an average stripper operating temperature of 150 °C The energy cost averaged 2.2 GJ/MT CO2 for the AFS and 3.8 GJ/MT CO2 for the simple stripper (SS). A temperature-control heuristic for controlling bypass flowrates was evaluated using five AFS test cases. Using bypass temperature differences of 7 °C, the bypass rates were automatically controlled to within 5% of the optimal bypass configuration. While the method was successful in simulations, unexpected heat loss in the NCCC plant limited the accuracy of the temperature-control heuristic due to the heat loss reducing the benefits of heat recovery unit operations. Overall energy balances of the AFS using the Independence model showed a positive heat gain of 65000 Btu/hr. The unexpected heat gain was attributed to an overestimated heat of absorption in the Independence model, as well as an underestimation of the total heat transferred from the process steam. A test AFS run was analyzed using three different assumption methods, with energy requirements varying from 2.1 – 3.0 GJ/MT CO2.

Download or read book Modeling of Stripper Configurations for CO2 Capture Using Aqueous Piperazine written by Tarun Madan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis seeks to improve the economic viability of carbon capture process by reducing the energy requirement of amine scrubbing technology. High steam requirement for solvent regeneration in this technology can be reduced by improvements in the regeneration process. Solvent models based on experimental results have been created by previous researchers and are available for simulation and process modeling in Aspen Plus®. Standard process modeling specifications are developed and multiple regeneration processes are compared for piperazine (a cyclic diamine) in Chapter 2. The configurations were optimized to identify optimal operating conditions for energy performance. These processes utilize methods of better heat recovery and effective separation and show 2 to 8% improvement in energy requirement as compared to conventional absorber-stripper configuration. The best configuration is the interheated stripper which requires equivalent work of 29.9 kJ/mol CO2 compared to 32.6 kJ/mol CO2 for the simple stripper. The Fawkes and Independence solvent models were used for modeling and simulation. A new regeneration configuration called the advanced flash stripper (patent pending) was developed and simulated using the Independence model. Multiple complex levels of the process were simulated and results show more than 10% improvement in energy performance. Multiple cases of operating conditions and process specifications were simulated and the best case requires equivalent work of 29 kJ/mol CO2. This work also includes modeling and simulation of pilot plant campaigns carried out for demonstration of a piperazine with a 2-stage flash on at 1 tpd CO2. Reconciliation of data was done in Aspen Plus for solvent model validation. The solvent model predicted results consistent with the measured values. A systematic error of approximately +5% was found in the rich CO2, that can be attributed to laboratory measurement errors, instrument measurement errors, and standard deviation in solvent model data. Stripper Modeling for CO2 capture from natural gas combustion was done under a project by TOTAL through the Process Science and Technology Center. Two configurations were simulated for each of three flue gas conditions (corresponding to 3%, 6% and 9% CO2). Best cases for the three conditions of flue gas require 34.9, 33.1 and 31.6 kJ/mol CO2.

Download or read book Flash Stripper Modeling written by Junyuan Ding and published by . This book was released on 2017-08 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Advanced Flash Stripper for Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Aqueous Amines written by Yu-Jeng Lin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intensive energy use is the major obstacle to deployment of CO2 capture. Alternative stripper configurations is one of the most promising ways to reduce the energy consumption of CO2 regeneration and compression. The advanced flash stripper (AFS) proposed in this work provides the best energy performance among other alternatives. A systematic irreversibility analysis was performed instead of examining all the possible alternatives. The overhead condenser and the cross exchanger were identified the major sources of lost work that causes process inefficiencies. The AFS reduces the reboiler duty by 16% and the total equivalent work by 11% compared to the simple stripper using aqueous piperazine. The AFS was demonstrated in a 0.2 MW equivalent pilot plant and showed over 25% of heat duty reduction compared to previous campaigns, achieving 2.1 GJ/tonne CO2 of heat duty and 32 kJ/mol CO2 of total equivalent work. The proposed bypass control strategy was successfully demonstrated and minimized the reboiler duty. Approximate stripper models (ASM) were developed to generalize the effect of solvent properties on energy performance and guide solvent selections. High heat of absorption can increase partial pressure of CO2 at elevated temperature and has potential to reduce compression work and stripping steam heat. The optimum heat of absorption was quantified as 70–125 kJ/mol CO2 at various conditions, which is generally higher than existing amines with 60–80 kJ/mol. The energy performance of AFS is not sensitive to the heat of absorption. A techno-economic analysis with process optimization that minimizes the annualized regeneration cost was performed to demonstrate the profitability of the AFS. The AFS reduces the annualized regeneration cost by 13% and the major savings come from the reduction of the OPEX, which counts for over 70% of the regeneration cost. The compressor and the cross exchanger are the major components of the CAPEX. The optimum lean loading is around 0.22 mol CO2/mol alkalinity for PZ but is flat between 0.18 and 0.24 with less than 1% difference. The AFS was demonstrated as a flexible system that can be applied to a wide range of solvent properties and operating conditions while still maintaining remarkable energy performance. Further improvement of energy efficiency by process modifications is expected to be marginal. Increasing solvent capacity will give the most energy and cost reduction in the future.

Download or read book Stripper Modeling for CO2 Removal Using Monoethanolamine and Piperazine Solvents written by David Hamilton Van Wagener and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation seeks to reduce the energy consumption of steam stripping to regenerate aqueous amine used for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. Rigorous rate-based models in Aspen Plus® were developed, and rate-based simulations were used for packed vapor/liquid separation units. Five main configurations with varying levels of complexity were evaluated with the two solvents. 8 m piperazine (PZ) always performed better than 9 m monoethanolamine (MEA). More complex flowsheets stripped CO2 with higher efficiency due to the more reversible separation. Multi-stage flash configurations were competitive at their optimal lean loadings, but they had poor efficiency at low lean loading. The most efficient configuration was an interheated column, with more effective and distributed heat exchange. It had a secondary benefit of a cooler overhead temperature, so less water vapor exited with the CO2. Using a rich loading of 0.40 mol CO2/mol alkalinity in 8 m PZ, the optimal lean loading was 0.28 and the energy requirement was 30.9 kJ/mol CO2. Case studies were also performed on cold rich bypass and the use of geothermal heat. When cold rich bypass is used with the 2-stage flash and 8 m PZ, it reduces equivalent work by 11% to 30.7 kJ/mol CO2. PZ benefited the most from cold rich bypass because it had a higher water concentration in the overhead vapor than with MEA. In an advanced 2-stage flash with 8 m PZ, geothermal heat available from 150 down to 100 °C requires 35.5 kJ work/mol CO2. The heat duty and equivalent work was higher than other optimized configurations, but it would be a valid option if separating the heat source from the steam cycle of a coal-fired power plant was highly valued. Pilot plant campaigns were simulated with the available thermodynamic models. Two campaigns with 8 m PZ were simulated within small deviation from the measured values. The average absolute errors in these campaigns were 2.5 and 2.7%. A campaign with 9 m MEA in a simple stripper demonstrated that the MEA model did not predict the solvent properties well enough to appropriately represent the pilot plant operation.

Download or read book Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture written by Athanasios I. Papadopoulos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume brings together an extensive collection of systematic computer-aided tools and methods developed in recent years for CO2 capture applications, and presents a structured and organized account of works from internationally acknowledged scientists and engineers, through: Modeling of materials and processes based on chemical and physical principles Design of materials and processes based on systematic optimization methods Utilization of advanced control and integration methods in process and plant-wide operations The tools and methods described are illustrated through case studies on materials such as solvents, adsorbents, and membranes, and on processes such as absorption / desorption, pressure and vacuum swing adsorption, membranes, oxycombustion, solid looping, etc. Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture: Modelling, Design, Control and Integration should become the essential introductory resource for researchers and industrial practitioners in the field of CO2 capture technology who wish to explore developments in computer-aided tools and methods. In addition, it aims to introduce CO2 capture technologies to process systems engineers working in the development of general computational tools and methods by highlighting opportunities for new developments to address the needs and challenges in CO2 capture technologies.

Download or read book Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Absorption stripping by Aqueous Methyldiethanolamine piperazine written by Peter Thompson Frailie (II) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rigorous thermodynamic and kinetic models were developed in Aspen Plus® Rate SepTM for 8 m PZ, 5 m PZ, 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ, and 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ. Thermodynamic data was regressed using a sequential regression methodology, and incorporated data for all amine, amine/water, and amine/water/CO2 systems. The sensitivity of CO2 absorption rate was determined in a wetted wall column simulation in Aspen Plus®, and the results were used in Microsoft Excel to determine the optimum reaction rates, activation energies, and binary diffusivities. Density, viscosity, and binary diffusivity are calculated using user-supplied FORTRAN subroutines rather than built-in Aspen Plus® correlations. Three absorber configurations were tested: adiabatic, in-and-out intercooling, and pump-around intercooling. The two intercooled configurations demonstrated comparable improvement in capacity and packing area, with the greatest improvement in 8 m PZ occurring between lean loadings of 0.20 and 0.25 mol CO2/mol alkalinity. The effects of absorber temperature and CO2 removal were tested in the adiabatic and in-and-out intercooled configurations. For 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ at a lean loading of 0.13 mol CO2/mol alkalinity reducing the absorber temperature from 40 °C to 20 °C increases capacity by 64% without an appreciable increase in packing area. Increasing CO2 removal from 90% to 99% does not double the packing area due to favorable reaction rates at the lean end of the absorber. Two stripper configurations were tested: the simple stripper and the advanced flash stripper. For all amines, absorber configurations, and lean loadings the advanced flash stripper demonstrated the better energy performance, with the greatest benefit occurring at low lean loadings. An economic estimation method was developed that converts purchased equipment cost and equivalent work to $/MT CO2. The method is based on economic factors proposed by DOE-NETL and IEAGHG. The total cost of CO2 decreases as lean loading decreases for all amines and configurations. Increasing CO2 removal from 90% to 99% results in a 1% increase in the total cost of CO2 capture. Decreasing absorber temperature for 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ from 40 °C to 20 °C decreases total cost of CO2 capture by up to 9.3%.

Download or read book Absorption Based Post Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide written by Paul Feron and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorption-Based Post-Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the use of absorbents for post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide. As fossil fuel-based power generation technologies are likely to remain key in the future, at least in the short- and medium-term, carbon capture and storage will be a critical greenhouse gas reduction technique. Post-combustion capture involves the removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases after fuel combustion, meaning that carbon dioxide can then be compressed and cooled to form a safely transportable liquid that can be stored underground. - Provides researchers in academia and industry with an authoritative overview of the amine-based methods for carbon dioxide capture from flue gases and related processes - Editors and contributors are well known experts in the field - Presents the first book on this specific topic

Download or read book Advanced CO2 Capture Technologies written by Shin-ichi Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarises the advanced CO2 capture technologies that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially those from large-scale sources, such as power-generation and steel-making plants. Focusing on the fundamental chemistry and chemical processes, as well as advanced technologies, including absorption and adsorption, it also discusses other aspects of the major CO2 capture methods: membrane separation; the basic chemistry and process for CO2 capture; the development of materials and processes; and practical applications, based on the authors’ R&D experience. This book serves as a valuable reference resource for researchers, teachers and students interested in CO2 problems, providing essential information on how to capture CO2 from various types of gases efficiently. It is also of interest to practitioners and academics, as it discusses the performance of the latest technologies applied in large-scale emission sources.

Download or read book Economic Model Predictive Control written by Matthew Ellis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents general methods for the design of economic model predictive control (EMPC) systems for broad classes of nonlinear systems that address key theoretical and practical considerations including recursive feasibility, closed-loop stability, closed-loop performance, and computational efficiency. Specifically, the book proposes: Lyapunov-based EMPC methods for nonlinear systems; two-tier EMPC architectures that are highly computationally efficient; and EMPC schemes handling explicitly uncertainty, time-varying cost functions, time-delays and multiple-time-scale dynamics. The proposed methods employ a variety of tools ranging from nonlinear systems analysis, through Lyapunov-based control techniques to nonlinear dynamic optimization. The applicability and performance of the proposed methods are demonstrated through a number of chemical process examples. The book presents state-of-the-art methods for the design of economic model predictive control systems for chemical processes.In addition to being mathematically rigorous, these methods accommodate key practical issues, for example, direct optimization of process economics, time-varying economic cost functions and computational efficiency. Numerous comments and remarks providing fundamental understanding of the merging of process economics and feedback control into a single framework are included. A control engineer can easily tailor the many detailed examples of industrial relevance given within the text to a specific application. The authors present a rich collection of new research topics and references to significant recent work making Economic Model Predictive Control an important source of information and inspiration for academics and graduate students researching the area and for process engineers interested in applying its ideas.

Download or read book Gas Water and Solid Waste Treatment Technology written by Zhien Zhang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a variety of treatment technologies, such as physical, chemical, and biological methods for the treatment of gas emissions, wastewater, and solid waste. It provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students, in the areas of environmental science and engineering.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Solvents for CO2 Capture by Gas Liquid Absorption written by Wojciech M. Budzianowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews and characterises promising single-compound solvents, solvent blends and advanced solvent systems suitable for CO2 capture applications using gas-liquid absorption. Focusing on energy efficient solvents with minimal adverse environmental impact, the contributions included analyse the major technological advantages, as well as research and development challenges of promising solvents and solvent systems in various sustainable CO2 capture applications. It provides a valuable source of information for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for chemical engineers and energy specialists.

Download or read book Modeling of Strippers for CO2 Capture by Aqueous Amines written by Babatunde Adegboyega Oyenekan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work evaluates stripper performance for CO2 capture using seven potential solvent formulations and seven stripper configurations. Equilibrium and rate models were developed in Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM). The temperature approach on the hot side of the cross exchanger was varied between 5 - 10°C. The results show that operating the cross exchanger at a 5°C approach results in 12% energy savings for a 7m MEA rich solution of 0.563 mol/mol Alk and 90% CO2 removal. For solvents with [Delta]H[subscript abs]

Download or read book Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances written by Gilbert Newton Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of thermodynamics. Definitions; the concept of equilibrium. Conventions and mathematical methods. Solutions. The first law of thermodynamics and the concept of energy. The fugacity. Application of the second law to solutions. The perfect solution. The laws of the dilute solution. Systems involving variables other than pressure, temperature and composition. A useful function, called the activity, and its application to solutions. Change of activity with the temperature, and the calculation of activity from freezing points. The standard change of free energy; the equilibrium constant. Solutions of electrolytes. The activity of strong electrolytes. The activity of electrolytes from freezing point data, and tables of activity coefficients. Activity coefficient in mixed electrolytes; the principle of the ionic strength; the activity of individual ions. The galvanic cell. Single potentials; standard electrode potentials of the elements. The third law of thermodynamics. The entropy of monatomic gases and a table of atomic entropies. Introduction to systematic free energy calculations: the free energy of elementary hydrogen and metallic hydrides. Oxygen and its compouns with hydrogen and with some metals. Chlorine and its compouns. Bromine and its compounds. Iodine and its compounds. Nitrogen compounds. Carbon and some of its compounds. Compounds of carbon and nitrogen. Table of free energies; and examples illustrating its use. Conversion table for mol fractions, mol ratios and molities. Some useful numerical factors. Coefficients employed in converting activity, equilibrium constant and free energy from one temperature to another. Publications by the authrs, pertaining to thermodynamics.

Download or read book CO2 Capture by Reactive Absorption Stripping written by Claudio Madeddu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on modelling issues and their implications for the correct design of reactive absorption–desorption systems. In addition, it addresses the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) post-combustion capture in detail. The book proposes a new perspective on these systems, and provides technological solutions with comparisons to previous treatments of the subject. The model that is proposed is subsequently validated using experimental data. In addition, the book features graphs to guide readers with immediate visualizations of the benefits of the methodology proposed. It shows a systematic procedure for the steady-state model-based design of a CO2 post-combustion capture plant that employs reactive absorption-stripping, using monoethanolamine as the solvent. It also discusses the minimization of energy consumption, both through the modification of the plant flowsheet and the set-up of the operating parameters. The book offers a unique source of information for researchers and practitioners alike, as it also includes an economic analysis of the complete plant. Further, it will be of interest to all academics and students whose work involves reactive absorption-stripping design and the modelling of reactive absorption-stripping systems.

Download or read book Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion written by Tomas Ramirez Reina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide that offers a review of the current technologies that tackle CO2 emissions The race to reduce CO2 emissions continues to be an urgent global challenge. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" offers a thorough guide to the most current technologies designed to mitigate CO2 emissions ranging from CO2 capture to CO2 utilization approaches. With contributions from an international panel representing a wide range of expertise, this book contains a multidisciplinary toolkit that covers the myriad aspects of CO2 conversion strategies. Comprehensive in scope, it explores the chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 conversion. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" explores a broad range of topics including linking CFD and process simulations, membranes technologies for efficient CO2 capture-conversion, biogas sweetening technologies, plasma-assisted conversion of CO2, and much more. This important resource: * Addresses a pressing concern of global environmental damage, caused by the greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels * Contains a review of the most current developments on the various aspects of CO2 capture and utilization strategies * Incldues information on chemical, physical, engineering and economical facets of CO2 capture and utilization * Offers in-depth insight into materials design, processing characterization, and computer modeling with respect to CO2 capture and conversion Written for catalytic chemists, electrochemists, process engineers, chemical engineers, chemists in industry, photochemists, environmental chemists, theoretical chemists, environmental officers, "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" provides the most current and expert information on the many aspects and challenges of CO2 conversion.