Download or read book Modeling Recovery Pressure and Product Concentration for Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis written by Devikaa Rajaraman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parametric Study of a One MGD Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Plant spiral Module Concept written by Horst F. Menzel and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis and Optimization of a Reverse Osmosis Water Purification System written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reverse Osmosis written by Jane Kucera and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the bestselling Reverse Osmosis is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the process of reverse osmosis in industrial applications, a technology that is becoming increasingly more important as more and more companies choose to "go green." This book covers all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot reverse osmosis systems, from the fundamental principles of reverse osmosis technology and membranes to the much more advanced engineering principles necessary for designing a reverse osmosis system. The second edition is an enhanced version of the original best seller. Each chapter has been reviewed and updated. Revised features include more detail on various pretreatment techniques such as greensand and pyrolusite pretreatment media. The design projection chapter has been edited to include up-to-date information on current projection programs. A new section on microbial fouling control featuring chlorine and alternative techniques is included to address the needs of most RO systems. Also, a discussion on forward osmosis is added as an alternative and/or companion technology to reverse osmosis for water treatment. The second edition includes all updated, basic, in-depth information for design, operation, and optimization of reverse osmosis systems. Earlier chapters cover the basic principles, the history of reverse osmosis, basic terms and definitions, and essential equipment. The book then goes into pretreatment processes and system design, then, finally, operations and troubleshooting. The author includes a section on the impact of other membrane technologies and even includes a "Frequently Asked Questions" chapter.
Download or read book Recommended Procedures for the Testing and Evaluation of Candidate Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Desalination written by Harold E. Podall and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process written by Mudhar Al-Obaidi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process provides a one-stop-shop for reverse osmosis (RO), outlining its scope and limitations for the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. This book covers the state-of-the-art on RO processes and describes ten RO process models of different features and complexities. It also covers the advanced model-based techniques for RO process operations, including various rigorous methods for process modelling, simulation, and optimization at the lowest energy cost, as well as advanced tools such as genetic algorithms for achieving the same. • Highlights different types of physico–chemical and biological wastewater treatment methods including hybrid systems • Provides an overview of membrane processes, focuses on different types of membrane processes for water treatment and explains characteristics of membrane modules • Introduces the importance and challenges of process modelling for simulation, design, and optimization and offers examples across various industries •Describes the concept of different types of genetic algorithms for process optimisation and provides the state-of-the art of the GA method in terms of its application in water desalination and wastewater treatment •Emphasizes economic aspects of RO processes for wastewater treatment With its focus on the challenges posed by an increasing demand for fresh water and the urgent need to recycle wastewater at minimum cost, this work is an invaluable resource for engineers and scientists working within the field of wastewater treatment.
Download or read book Electrodialysis Technology written by United States. Office of Water Research and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Consumption Optimization of a Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis System written by Leili Abkar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean water and energy are two key concerns in today's world, and climate change is making both of these issues even of more significant importance. Desalination, a process that removes salt from saline water to produce fresh water, is a solution for the worsening water scarcity issues. Many different desalination technologies are available and applied around the world, including thermal-based technologies, which include multi-stage flash (MSF) and multiple effect distillation (MED), as well as membrane-based technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) and also electrodialysis reversal (EDR). Reverse osmosis is the most commonly used membrane-based technology, capable of eliminating a wide range of contaminants to produce clean water. There are two different types of RO systems, Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) and Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO), which are applied based on the characteristics of the feedwater. In inland regions, groundwater, surface water, and river water are considered brackish water. In the state of New Mexico for instance, brackish water is the available feedwater source, and therefore BWRO is applied to provide fresh water. Due to a water shortage crisis in the Southwest USA, one of the major goals is to optimize the BWRO process to minimize energy consumption and simultaneously increase the water recovery rate. By increasing the recovery rate, a higher percentage of the feedwater is converted into fresh water; therefore, less feedwater is required to produce a given quantity of fresh water, conserving water resources. In this research, energy consumption optimization for BWRO systems has been investigated. The key control factors for minimizing BWRO energy consumption include feed flow rate, pressure, and temperature, as operating conditions, feed concentrations, and membrane type (representing membrane permeability). The effect of each of these control factors on energy consumption is evaluated, and presented. A full factorial design has been done with mixed level for different factors. In this research, pressure has six level in the range of 50-175 psi by the 25 psi step, Flow rate 3-6 LPM with the step of 1 LPM, temperature has two level of 30 and 40 centigrade, and salinity varies from 2,000, 2,500, 3,000 ppm to cover the middle range of brackish water. Each experiment has three replication. Using linear regression method makes it possible to determine relation between input variable (feed flowrate, salinity, pressure and temperature) and response variable (energy, recovery and specific energy consumption). The empirical model developed to predict the energy, recovery and specific energy consumption of the reverse osmosis system in the specified range and finding the sweet spot to run the system to produce the minimum energy cost for 1 cubic meter of water.
Download or read book Reverse Osmosis Technical Manual written by Burns and Roe Industrial Services Corporation and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MEMBRANE PROCESSES Volume III written by and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-11-05 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Processes is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volumes discuss matters of great relevance to our world on desalination which is a critically important as clearly the only possible means of producing fresh water from the sea for many parts of the world. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of Membrane Processes such as: History And Current Status Of Membrane Desalination Processes; Membrane Science And Reclamation; Membrane Characterization; Principles And Practices Of Reverse Osmosis; Reverse Osmosis: Introduction; Hollow-Fiber Membranes; Preparation And Characterization Of Ionexchange Membranes; Preparation And Characterization Of Micro- And Ultrafiltration Membranes; Membrane Distillation; Desalination By Membrane Distillation; Pervaporation;Dialysis And Diffusion Dialysis; Donnan Dialysis; Modeling And Calculation Of Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes; Survey Of Theoretical Approaches To Modeling; Pressure-Driven Membrane. Processes(Submodels For Transport In Phases); Reverse Osmosis Process And System Design; Practical Aspects Of Large-Scale Reverse Osmosis Applications; Health, Safety And Environmental Considerations; Membrane Separation Technologies; Concentration Of Liquid Foods; Mass Transfer Operation–Membrane Separations; Mass Transfer Operations: Hybrid Membrane Processes; Recent Advances In Membrane Science And Technology In Seawater Desalination – With Technology Development In The Middle East And Singapore. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process written by Mudhar Al-Obaidi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process provides a one-stop-shop for reverse osmosis (RO), outlining its scope and limitations for the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. This book covers the state-of-the-art on RO processes and describes ten RO process models of different features and complexities. It also covers the advanced model-based techniques for RO process operations, including various rigorous methods for process modelling, simulation, and optimization at the lowest energy cost, as well as advanced tools such as genetic algorithms for achieving the same. • Highlights different types of physico–chemical and biological wastewater treatment methods including hybrid systems • Provides an overview of membrane processes, focuses on different types of membrane processes for water treatment and explains characteristics of membrane modules • Introduces the importance and challenges of process modelling for simulation, design, and optimization and offers examples across various industries •Describes the concept of different types of genetic algorithms for process optimisation and provides the state-of-the art of the GA method in terms of its application in water desalination and wastewater treatment •Emphasizes economic aspects of RO processes for wastewater treatment With its focus on the challenges posed by an increasing demand for fresh water and the urgent need to recycle wastewater at minimum cost, this work is an invaluable resource for engineers and scientists working within the field of wastewater treatment.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 12th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 2667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 25th European Symposium on Computer-Aided Process Engineering contains the papers presented at the 12th Process Systems Engineering (PSE) and 25th European Society of Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) Joint Event held in Copenhagen, Denmark, 31 May - 4 June 2015. The purpose of these series is to bring together the international community of researchers and engineers who are interested in computing-based methods in process engineering. This conference highlights the contributions of the PSE/CAPE community towards the sustainability of modern society. Contributors from academia and industry establish the core products of PSE/CAPE, define the new and changing scope of our results, and future challenges. Plenary and keynote lectures discuss real-world challenges (globalization, energy, environment, and health) and contribute to discussions on the widening scope of PSE/CAPE versus the consolidation of the core topics of PSE/CAPE. - Highlights how the Process Systems Engineering/Computer-Aided Process Engineering community contributes to the sustainability of modern society - Presents findings and discussions from both the 12th Process Systems Engineering (PSE) and 25th European Society of Computer-Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) Events - Establishes the core products of Process Systems Engineering/Computer Aided Process Engineering - Defines the future challenges of the Process Systems Engineering/Computer Aided Process Engineering community
Download or read book Enhancement of Operational Flexibility in Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes by Concentrate Recycling written by Tae Lee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvements in system and process design has enabled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology to gain foothold in various water treatment and desalination applications. However, energy consumption and mineral scaling on membrane surfaces remain impediments to high recovery operation of RO desalination. Accordingly, research efforts have been devoted to process optimization to improve permeate water productivity, reduce energy cost, and mitigate membrane mineral scaling. In this regard, RO concentrate recycling is an effective approach for enhancing product water recovery, reducing system footprint, and lowering installation as well as operating costs of RO desalination systems and plants. Energy consumption and membrane mineral scaling propensity in RO processes are impacted primarily by the osmotic pressure magnitude and the level of supersaturation of mineral scalants at the membrane surface, respectively, which are, in turn, governed by the operational strategy. Optimization of RO processes with concentrate recycle require fundamental models of RO processes with concentrate recycle under both steady and unsteady-state operation, To date, only simple models have been proposed which are of limited applicability to practical systems given the use of various simplifying assumptions of complete energy recovery, neglect of the efficacy of concentrate flushing in unsteady-state semi-batch RO (SBRO), and omission of concentration polarization. Previous studies have not provided experimental data to corroborate conclusions regarding system performance based on oversimplifications. Moreover, SBRO operation was not assessed relative to steady state RO (SSRO) with partial recycle (SSRO-PR) which is also suitable for high recovery operation with a small footprint. Accordingly, in the present work a fundamental quantitative modeling framework was developed and implemented for the design and operation of SSRO-PR and SBRO. Modeling RO desalting, including at the limit of the thermodynamic restriction, was undertaken to evaluate the minimum energy consumption as a function of product water recovery. SBRO process analysis revealed a significant increase in the salinity range during the RO filtration period and a progressive rise in the initial filtration period salinity until the stable cycle-to-cycle operation is reached. SBRO performance is highly dependent on the efficacy of concentrate discharge and flushing during the SBRO flushing period. For the condition of concentrate flushing under ideal plug flow, energy consumption in SBRO was assessed to be lower than for single-pass RO (SPRO) operation at the same level of overall product water recovery. However, for the practical range of expected concentrate flushing efficacy energy consumption in SBRO could be significantly above that which would be attained in SPRO. Using the direct real-time membrane surface optical imaging mineral scaling was experimentally evaluated in both SBRO and SSRO-PR pilot systems, with respect to the efficacy of concentrate flushing with the undersaturated raw feed water, at given levels of supersaturation or product water recovery. The predicted RO element feed stream osmotic pressure and solution supersaturation levels (for the target mineral scalant) at the membrane surface, for a given product water recovery, were higher on average in SBRO relative to SSRO-PR as corroborated by experimental data. The experimental data revealed mineral scaling propensity, which was significantly higher in multi-cycle SBRO operation, relative to SSRO-PR at the same water recovery. However, the rates of crystal nucleation and growth were similar at when both systems are compared at the same level of average supersaturation, although the product water recovery was lower in SBRO compared to SSRO-PR. The present theoretical modeling framework, validated by experimental data, provide a fundamental approach to assessing the performance of SBRO and SSRO-PR desalting systems with respect to energy consumption and mineral scaling propensity. The presented approach provides the means necessary for optimizing these low footprint technologies for high recovery RO desalination.
Download or read book A Study of Hydrodynamic Aspects of Reverse Osmosis hyperfiltration written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reverse Osmosis Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desalination written by Jane Kucera and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Blue is the new green.” This is an all-new revised edition of a modern classic on one of the most important subjects in engineering: Water. Featuring a total revision of the initial volume, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the process of desalination in industrial and municipal applications, a technology that is becoming increasingly more important as more and more companies choose to “go green.” This book covers all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot desalination systems, from the fundamental principles of desalination technology and membranes to the much more advanced engineering principles necessary for designing a desalination system. Earlier chapters cover the basic principles, the economics of desalination, basic terms and definitions, and essential equipment. The book then goes into the thermal processes involved in desalination, such as various methods of evaporation, distillation, recompression, and multistage flash. Following that is an exhaustive discussion of the membrane processes involved in desalination, such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and electrodialysis. Finally, the book concludes with a chapter on the future of these technologies and their place in industry and how they can be of use to society. This book is a must-have for anyone working in water, for engineers, technicians, scientists working in research and development, and operators. It is also useful as a textbook for graduate classes studying industrial water applications.
