Download or read book Modeling Recent Trends and Variability in the Oceanic Carbon Cycle of the California Current System written by Giuliana Turi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate written by Mick Follows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our desire to understand the global carbon cycle and its link to the climate system represents a huge challenge. These overarching questions have driven a great deal of scientific endeavour in recent years: What are the basic oceanic mechanisms which control the oceanic carbon reservoirs and the partitioning of carbon between ocean and atmosphere? How do these mechanisms depend on the state of the climate system and how does the carbon cycle feed back on climate? What is the current rate at which fossil fuel carbon dioxide is absorbed by the oceans and how might this change in the future? To begin to answer these questions we must first understand the distribution of carbon in the ocean, its partitioning between different ocean reservoirs (the "solubility" and "biological" pumps of carbon), the mechanisms controlling these reservoirs, and the relationship of the significant physical and biological processes to the physical environment. The recent surveys from the JGOFS and WOCE (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and World Ocean Circulation Ex periment) programs have given us a first truly global survey of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. These new, high quality data provide the opportunity to better quantify the present oceans reservoirs of carbon and the changes due to fossil fuel burning. In addition, diverse process studies and time-series observations have clearly revealed the complexity of interactions between nutrient cycles, ecosystems, the carbon-cycle and the physical envi ronment.
Download or read book Investigations of the California Current System written by William James Crawford and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California Current System (CCS) is undoubtedly one of the most well studied regions of the world ocean. The seasonal variability of equatorward upwelling winds allow for the development of a complex set of dynamical features while also sustaining a rich diversity of marine organisms. With use of the state-of-the-art Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system, the circulation of the CCS is explored in varying capacities over the time period 1980-2010.
Download or read book Variability of the Ocean Carbon Cycle in Comprehensive Earth System Models written by Kathrin Keller and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle written by Roger B. Hanson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-01-13 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's oceans act as a reservoir, with the capacity to absorb and retain carbon dioxide. The air-sea exchange of carbon is driven by physico-chemical forces, photosynthesis, and respiration, and has an important influence on atmospheric composition. Variability in the ocean carbon cycle could therefore exert significant feedback effects during conditions of climate change. The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) is the first multidisciplinary program to directly address the interactions among the biology, chemistry, and physics of marine systems, with emphasis on the transport and transformations of carbon within the ocean and across its boundaries. This unique volume, written by an international panel of scientists, provides a synthesis of JGOFS science and its achievements to date. The authoritative chapters will be of great interest to readers seeking a current overview of the role of ocean processes in Earth system science and their wider implications for climate change.
Download or read book Land Carbon Cycle Modeling written by Yiqi Luo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon moves through the atmosphere, through the oceans, onto land, and into ecosystems. This cycling has a large effect on climate – changing geographic patterns of rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather – and is altered as the use of fossil fuels adds carbon to the cycle. The dynamics of this global carbon cycling are largely predicted over broad spatial scales and long periods of time by Earth system models. This book addresses the crucial question of how to assess, evaluate, and estimate the potential impact of the additional carbon to the land carbon cycle. The contributors describe a set of new approaches to land carbon cycle modeling for better exploring ecological questions regarding changes in carbon cycling; employing data assimilation techniques for model improvement; and doing real- or near-time ecological forecasting for decision support. This book strives to balance theoretical considerations, technical details, and applications of ecosystem modeling for research, assessment, and crucial decision making. Key Features Helps readers understand, implement, and criticize land carbon cycle models Offers a new theoretical framework to understand transient dynamics of land carbon cycle Describes a suite of modeling skills – matrix approach to represent land carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles; data assimilation and machine learning to improve parameterization; and workflow systems to facilitate ecological forecasting Introduces a new set of techniques, such as semi-analytic spin-up (SASU), unified diagnostic system with a 1-3-5 scheme, traceability analysis, and benchmark analysis, for model evaluation and improvement Related Titles Isabel Ferrera, ed. Climate Change and the Oceanic Carbon Cycle: Variables and Consequences (ISBN 978-1-774-63669-5) Lal, R. et al., eds. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle (ISBN 978-0-8493-7441-8) Windham-Myers, L., et al., eds. A Blue Carbon Primer: The State of Coastal Wetland Carbon Science, Practice and Policy (ISBN 978-0-367-89352-1)
Download or read book Ocean Weather Forecasting written by Eric P. Chassignet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-02 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a wide range of topics and summarizes our present knowledge in ocean modeling, ocean observing systems, and data assimilation. The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) provides a framework for these efforts: a global system of observations, communications, modeling, and assimilation that will deliver regular, comprehensive information on the state of the oceans, engendering wide utility and availability for maximum benefit to the community.
Download or read book Carbon Cycle Modelling written by International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1981 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Michael J.R. Fasham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans account for 50% of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. During the past 15 years an international programme, the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), has been studying the ocean carbon cycle to quantify and model the biological and physical processes whereby CO2 is pumped from the ocean's surface to the depths of the ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. This project is one of the largest multi-disciplinary studies of the oceans ever carried out and this book synthesises the results. It covers all aspects of the topic ranging from air-sea exchange with CO2, the role of physical mixing, the uptake of CO2 by marine algae, the fluxes of carbon and nitrogen through the marine food chain to the subsequent export of carbon to the depths of the ocean. Special emphasis is laid on predicting future climatic change.
Download or read book Land Carbon Cycle Modeling written by Yiqi Luo and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Carbon moves through the atmosphere, through the oceans, onto land, and into ecosystems. This cycling has a large effect on climate - changing geographic patterns of rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather - and is altered as the use of fossil fuels adds carbon to the cycle. The dynamics of this global carbon cycling are largely predicted over broad spatial scales and long periods of time by Earth system models. This book addresses the crucial question of how to assess, evaluate, and estimate the potential impact of the additional carbon to the land carbon cycle. The contributors describe a set of new approaches to land carbon cycle modeling for better exploring ecological questions regarding changes in carbon cycling; employing data assimilation techniques for model improvement; doing real- or near-time ecological forecasting for decision support; combining newly available machine learning techniques with process-based models to improve prediction of land carbon cycle under climate change. This new edition includes 7 new chapters on machine learning and its applications to carbon cycle research (5 chapters). on principles underlying carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere (1 chapter), a contemporary active research and management issue, and on community infrastructure for ecological forecasting"--
Download or read book Seasonal Variability in the California Current a Diecast Model Study written by Joseph R. Donato and published by . This book was released on 1998-12-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high resolution DIECAST ocean model, with improved physics, is used to simulate the annual cycle of mesoscale variability in the California coastal region. Model improvements include reduced numerical dispersion, an annual cycle of climatological wind stress forcing enhanced in magnitude near the coastal headlands, and barotropic and baroclinic boundary inflows and outflows. A six year simulation produced results in general agreement with recent observations of the annual cycle in the California Current although the gradients of sea surface temperature and dynamic height are generally stronger, and show more structure than observed. The stronger gradients indicate increased coastal upwelling and produced faster geostrophic currents than observed. A region of maximum Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE), originally formed in the upper ocean over the continental slope in late spring, migrates westward on a seasonal timescale consistent in magnitude and phase with observations. At the same, the EKE spreads vertically into the deep ocean, decreasing the surface EKE west of about 126 deg W. This result clearly identifies a non-dissipative process that can account for the pronounced decrease of EKE west of 126 deg W recently documented in the literature. Deficiencies in the simulation include some artificial influences from the incompletely open western boundary, an exaggerated response of the surface circulation to the Mendocino escarpment and the absence of a significant poleward surface current along the coast in winter.
Download or read book A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants Animals and Ecosystems written by James R. Ehleringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-01-27 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees, CO2 concentration, climate change, herbivores, temperature.
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Toste Tanhua and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon is a fundamental component of all life and its gaseous form, carbon dioxide (CO2), is an important atmospheric regulator of Earth’s climate. Over societally relevant timescales, diverse physical, biological, and chemical processes in the global ocean have a very important role in controlling the exchanges of CO2 with the atmosphere and climate, given that the ocean contains roughly 60 times more carbon than the atmosphere. The complex and dynamic marine carbon cycle is thus a fundamental part and regulator of life on Earth, requiring monitoring of its variability and understanding of the feedbacks to the climate system. This is particularly relevant given that emissions of human produced (anthropogenic) CO2 through fossil fuel and land use changes have led to significant perturbations in the global carbon cycle. A large fraction of emitted anthropogenic carbon (Cant) has been and will be absorbed by the oceans with implications for seawater chemistry, ocean pH levels, and the biological communities contained within. During the last few decades, quantification of the ocean sink of CO2 and its temporal evolution of the marine carbon cycle has been an important driver of marine biogeochemical research. Scientific expeditions such as the World Ocean Circulation Experiment/Joint Global Ocean Flux Study global surveys conducted during the 1990s provided the data for the first global estimates of the uptake and oceanic sink of Cant. More recently, completion of a second global survey of the marine carbon cycle (from 2000 to 2013) provided sufficient data to assess the rate of uptake and storage of Cant within the interior of the global ocean. From this effort, it has become clear that there is substantial regional and temporal variability of the storage rate of Cant and those physico-biogeochemical processes that influence the marine carbon cycle. Here we review seawater carbonate chemistry, the sampling strategies, and networks required to observe variability in the global ocean carbon cycle and the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere but with a central focus, synthesizing and summarizing available estimates of the ocean uptake and inventories of Cant. This chapter is aimed at a wider audience within the oceanographic community and points to the rich literature on marine carbon cycle research.
Download or read book Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the California Current System written by Katherine Dorothy Zaba and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The California Current System (CCS) is an ecologically and economically important coastal upwelling zone. Large-scale climate variability, like El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), modulates the regional fluctuations of physical and biological properties in the CCS. This dissertation work makes use of an observational dataset from autonomous underwater gliders and model output from an ocean state estimate to characterize seasonal cycles and local interannual responses to climate variability. The California Underwater Glider Network (CUGN) was established in 2006 to obtain sustained observations of the southern CCS. For over ten years, Spray gliders have continuously measured subsurface physical and biological variables along three cross-shore sections. Data from the CUGN were processed into a gridded climatology. They were also assimilated by a general circulation model to produce the California State Estimate (CASE) for 2007-2017, which is constrained by governing physics and observations. Together the CUGN climatology and CASE are applied to study physical variability within the CCS. The observations are used to characterize spatiotemporally-varying anomalies and the model to provide a hypothesis of the physical forcings that caused them. The focus is on seasonal to interannual timescales, paying special attention to the prolonged period of anomalously warm upper ocean temperatures during 2014-16, which included the 2014-15 marine heat wave (MHW) and the 2015-16 El Niño. As observed by the CUGN, the MHW manifested locally as a shallow, highly-stratified, surface-intensified warm pool co-occurring with downwelling anomalies. During the El Niño year, CUGN observations show the persistence of warm and downwelling anomalies throughout the CCS and even a strengthening and deepening of the anomalies in some locations, like the Southern California Bight. A positive isopycnal salinity anomaly is observed at the turn of the year 2015-2016 and interpreted to represent anomalous advection from the south. The CASE model output is rigorously assessed relative to the CUGN climatology and shown to realistically reproduce the observed mean state, annual cycles, and interannual variability, including the temperature, downwelling, and isopycnal salinity anomalies. Volume and heat budgets are calculated from CASE, quantifying the contributions of anomalous air-sea heat flux, horizontal advection, vertical advection, and mixing towards circulation and heat content changes during 2014-2016. The budgets show that multiple mechanisms played a role in forcing the anomalies, though at different times and locations within the CCS region.
Download or read book Understanding the Ocean Carbon and Sulfur Cycles in the Context of a Variable Ocean written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2010.
Download or read book Recent Developments in Oxygen Minimum Zones Biogeochemistry written by Sudheesh Valliyodan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Response of Carbon Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans and Adjacent Landmasses written by Hodaka Kawahata and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-08 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the global warming mechanism, global mapping of primary production was carried out under the GCMAPS program. The program was concerned with marine and terrestrial environmental changes, which affect carbon cycle on the regional and global scales. On the regional scale, warm phase of ENSO (El Niño / Southern Oscillation) has been shown to affect economic activities in many countries. The keyword for understanding mechanism of global warming is 'primary productivity'. The earth observation satellites (EOS) like the ADEOS of Japan, and the SeaWiFS, Sea Star and Terra of the U.S.A. provided much required data for modeling and verification of primary production estimates on both land and ocean.The knowledge gained during the GCMAPS program has been documented in this book. Interpretation of the data suggests that global warming, which causes temperature and sea level rise, and changes in climate and ecosystems, is likely to have the largest influence on mankind. The first half of this book discuss changes in marine environments. Physical and chemical oceanographic properties of the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans are presented. Changes in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, flux and composition of settling particles and biological communities in the surface ocean have also been discussed. In addition to this, over hundred years of environmental records based upon coral skeletons are presented. Estimations of primary production and its utilization in validating satellite imagery data were conducted in the western North Pacific. Primary productivity estimates based upon the validated satellite imagery are presented on the global scale. Climate change modeling of primary production in global oceans is also presented.The latter half of this book deals with changes in terrestrial environments. Primary productivity estimates for different types of ecosystems (e.g., forest, grassland) are presented together with soil carbon dynamics. Also, biomass and productivity estimation and environmental monitoring based upon remote sensing techniques are presented with a model analysis of the relationship between climate perturbations and carbon budget anomalies in global terrestrial ecosystems. This book elucidates integrated aspects of the global carbon cycle involving marine and terrestrial environments. - Discusses a current understanding of the biogeochemical processes on land and ocean - Provides global mapping of primary production based on satellite imagery data and modelling - Presents the latest interpretations of relationships between carbon cycle and climatic change
