Download or read book Modeling Parameter Optimization And Ecohydrologic Assessment Of Watershed Systems written by Xuan Yu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated watershed models describe the land-phase of hydrologic cycles by coupling processes such as canopy interception, infiltration, recharge, evapotranspiration, overland flow, vadose zone flow, groundwater flow, and channel routing. This modeling scheme serves as an important strategy for understanding the moisture redistribution processes across the watershed and river-basin landscape. For example, the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM) has successfully been applied to explain the impacts of antecedent soil moisture on peak streamflow and timing. However, due to the heavy computational cost of solving integrated models with complex model structure, efficient parameter estimation for PIHM is a major computational and algorithmic challenge. The focus of this dissertation has four main themes: (1) develop an efficient calibration strategy for PIHM; (2) develop a weighted-objective calibration scheme for multi-variable distributed parameters (e.g., streamflow, water table depth, and eddy flux data); (3) test the parameter-estimation process for spatial shallow groundwater calibration of PIHM using national wetland geospatial data (National Wetland Inventory: NWI); (4) extend the capabilities of PIHM for linking vegetation dynamics from an ecosystem model and evaluating the importance of vegetation growth in water balance studies.The temporal and geospatial complexity of the data requirements for integrated and fully coupled catchment models increases the difficulty of applying parameter optimization in real watershed applications. In this research, a new strategy known as partition calibration was proposed to enable the automatic calibration of PIHM. The concept can be thought of as a "divide-and-conquer algorithm," where the parameter space is divided into two or more sub-problems that can be solved sequentially. The first partition of the parameter vector is divided according to the two dominant time-scales of catchment hydrological processes: 1) event-scale hydrologic response parameters; and 2) seasonal-scale response parameters. Once divided, the event-scale group parameters and seasonal-scale group parameters are then calibrated sequentially. The second partition focused on the separation of the total calibration objective onto multiple targets to predict each observed hydrological variable. The "informativeness" of each calibration target was defined in terms of a weighted objective function. Application of the scheme suggested the use of an informativeness-based partitioning of streamflow, groundwater, and ET parameters and demonstrated that partition calibration was superior to both single-objective calibration and un-weighted average multi-objective calibration.Applications of the PIHM were found to be efficient with the partition calibration strategy. The first PIHM application involves characterization of the freshwater wetland response to climate change at seven catchments within the Susquehanna River Basin. In this case, streamflow time series and geospatial mapping of wetlands in the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) were used to calibrate the model to capture the distributed groundwater and streamflow dynamics. After calibration, the model was applied to an IPCC climate change scenario (2046-2065), and the modeling results suggested that upland groundwater levels were more sensitive to climate change than water levels of wetlands in lower parts of the catchment, as expected. In the final part of this research, long-term modeling of PIHM compared the role of fixed seasonal variation in LAI (Leaf Area Index) and a fully dynamic vegetation growth model. The community ecosystem model BIOME-BGC was linked to PIHM to test the hypothesis that default monthly LAI values are sufficient to represent long-term water balances in a catchment. By comparing model results for fixed LAI and dynamic LAI, it was demonstrated that fixed LAI is not sufficient for capturing interannual variability of forest vegetation and water flow dynamics, especially as it relates to the onset and growth of forest.

Download or read book Parameter Optimization in a Hydrologic Watershed Model written by Agustin E. Maristany and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calibration of Watershed Models written by Qingyun Duan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-01-10 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 6. During the past four decades, computer-based mathematical models of watershed hydrology have been widely used for a variety of applications including hydrologic forecasting, hydrologic design, and water resources management. These models are based on general mathematical descriptions of the watershed processes that transform natural forcing (e.g., rainfall over the landscape) into response (e.g., runoff in the rivers). The user of a watershed hydrology model must specify the model parameters before the model is able to properly simulate the watershed behavior.

Download or read book Mathematical Models of Large Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Water Resources Publication. This book was released on 2002 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive account of some of the most popular models of large watershed hydrology ~~ of interest to all hydrologic modelers and model users and a welcome and timely edition to any modeling library

Download or read book Parameter Optimization of a Small Watershed Model written by Douglas Michael Hahn and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecohydrologic Impacts of Climate and Land Use Changes on Watershed Systems written by Paul A. Ekness and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining flows and quality of water resources is critical to support ecosystem services and consumptive needs. Understanding impacts of changes in climate and land use on ecohydrologic processes in a watershed is vital to sustaining water resources for multiple uses. This study completes a continental and regional scale assessment using statistical and simulation modeling to investigate ecohydrologic impacts within watershed systems. Watersheds across the continental United States have diverse hydrogeomorphic characters, mean temperatures, soil moistures, precipitation and evaporation patterns that influence runoff processes. Changes in climate affect runoff by impacting available soil moisture, evaporation, precipitation and vegetative patterns. A one percent increase in annual soil moisture may cause a five percent increase in runoff in watersheds across the continent. Low soil moisture and high temperatures influence runoff patterns in specific regions. Spring runoff is increased by the influence Spring soil moisture, Winter and Spring evaporation, and Winter and Spring evaporation. Spring runoff is decreased by increases in Winter and Spring temperatures and increases in the vegetation index. Winter runoff is affected by maximum vegetative index, temperature, soil moisture, evaporation and precipitation. Contributing factors to runoff are influenced by geomorphic and seasonal variations requiring strategies that are site-specific and use system-wide information. Regional scale watershed analysis investigates the influence of landscape metrics on temporal streamflow processes in multiple gauged watersheds in Massachusetts, U.S.A. Time of concentration, recession coefficient, base flow index, and peak flow are hydrologic metrics used to relate to landscape metrics derived using FRAGSTAT software. Peak flow increases with increasing perimeter-area fractal dimensions, and Contagion index and decreases as Landscape Shape Index increases. There was an increasing trend in the fractal dimension over time indicative of more complex shape of patches in watershed. Base flow index and recession coefficient fluctuated from low to high decreasing recently. This could be indicative of open space legislation, conservation efforts and reforestation within the state in the last ten years. Coastal systems provide valuable ecosystem services and are vulnerable to impacts of changes in climate and continental land use patterns. Effects of land use and climate change on runoff, suspended sediments, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are simulated for coastal watersheds around the Boston Bay ecosystem. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model, a continuous-time, semi distributed, process-based model, is used to simulate the watershed ecohydrologic process affecting coastal bodies. Urbanization in watersheds increased runoff by as much as 80% from the baseline. Land use change poses a major threat to water quality impacts affecting coastal ecosystems. Total nitrogen increased average of 53.8% with conservative changes in climate and land use. Total phosphorus increased an average of 57.3% with conservative changes in land use and climate change. Climate change alone causes up to 40% increase in runoff and when combined with a 3.25% increase in urban development runoff increased an average of 114%. Coastal ecosystems are impacted by nutrient runoff from watersheds. Continued urbanization and changes in climate will increase total nitrogen, total phosphorus and suspended sediments in coastal ecosystems. Continental scale runoff is affected by soil moisture and vegetative cover. Cover crops, low tillage farm practices and natural vegetation contribute to less runoff. Developing policies that encourage protection of soil structure could minimize runoff and aid in maintaining sustainable water resources. Best Management Practices and Low impact development at the national level with continued stormwater legislation directed towards sustainable land use policy will improve water quantity and quality. Fragmentation observed in Massachusetts increases the number of urban parcels and decreases the size of forested areas. Faster runoff patterns are observed but recent land management may be changing this runoff pattern. Municipal and state zoning ordinance to preserve open space and large forest patches will restrict urban growth to specific regions of a watershed. This could improve quantities of water available to ecosystems. Increases in total nitrogen, phosphorus and suspended sediments to coastal ecosystems can be minimized with use of riparian buffers and Best Management Practices within coastal watersheds. Urbanization and climate change threatens coastal ecosystems and national policy to preserve and restrict development of coastal areas will preserve coastal ecosystem services.

Download or read book Hydrologic Systems Watershed modeling written by Vijay P. Singh and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrologic Modeling of Small Watersheds written by Charles Thomas Haan and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecohydrological Interfaces written by Stefan Krause and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-10-12 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecohydrological Interfaces Comprehensive overview of the process dynamics and interactions governing ecohydrological interfaces Summarizing the interdisciplinary investigation of ecohydrological interface functioning, Ecohydrological Interfaces advances the understanding of their dynamics across traditional subject boundaries. It offers a detailed explanation of the underlying mechanisms and process interactions governing ecohydrological interface functioning from the micro scale to the ecosystem and regional scale. The multidisciplinary team of authors integrates and synthesises the current understanding of process dynamics at different ecohydrological interfaces to develop a unifying concept of their ecosystem functions. The work introduces novel experimental and model-based methods for characterizing and quantifying ecohydrological interface processes, taking account of innovative sensing and tracing technologies as well as microbial and molecular biology approaches. Key questions addressed in the book include: Which conditions stimulate the transformative nature of ecohydrological interfaces? How are ecohydrological interfaces organized in space and time? How does interface activity propagate from small to large scales? How do ecohydrological interfaces react to environmental change and what is their role in processes of significant societal value? As a research level text on the functionality and performance of ecohydrological interfaces, Ecohydrological Interfaces is primarily aimed at academics and postgraduate researchers. It is also appropriate for university libraries as further reading on a range of geographical, environmental, biological, and engineering topics.

Download or read book Big Earth Data Intelligence for Environmental Modeling written by Peng Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrologic Modeling written by Vijay P Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-19 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains seven parts. The first part deals with some aspects of rainfall analysis, including rainfall probability distribution, local rainfall interception, and analysis for reservoir release. Part 2 is on evapotranspiration and discusses development of neural network models, errors, and sensitivity. Part 3 focuses on various aspects of urban runoff, including hydrologic impacts, storm water management, and drainage systems. Part 4 deals with soil erosion and sediment, covering mineralogical composition, geostatistical analysis, land use impacts, and land use mapping. Part 5 treats remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) applications to different hydrologic problems. Watershed runoff and floods are discussed in Part 6, encompassing hydraulic, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Water modeling constitutes the concluding Part 7. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Xinanjiang, and Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) models are discussed. The book is of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of water resources, hydrology, environmental resources, agricultural engineering, watershed management, earth sciences, as well as those engaged in natural resources planning and management. Graduate students and those wishing to conduct further research in water and environment and their development and management find the book to be of value.

Download or read book Watershed Modeling System Hydrological Simulation Program Watershed Model User Documentation and Tutorial written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) is an analytical tool designed to simulate hydrology and water quality in natural and man-made systems. HSPF is used to apply mathematical models to simulate the movement of water, sediment, and other constituents through watersheds. This analysis helps predict possible environmental problems in the watershed. With the growing need to care for and monitor the effects of man on the environment, it became apparent that a method for rapid analysis of those effects was needed. The Watershed Modeling System (WMS) interface creates a way for the user to input a multitude of parameters into the input file and then to run HSPF. The input parameters are linked to all the tools within WMS including automated basin delineation and parameter definition using a graphical user interface. As mentioned above, the purpose of including an interface to HSPF in WMS is to provide a way for engineers to delineate a water-shed and set up an HSPF model quickly. The watershed delineation tools, as well as the Geological Information System tools, in WMS allow automated development of much of the input necessary for HSPF. However, several new tools and dialogs have been added to complete the HSPF input data. To begin an HSPF simulation in WMS, the HSPF data must be initialized for the watershed model. This is a simple procedure that involves the click of a button within the HSPF Global Options dialog box. Once the data are initialized, the user may access the various dialog boxes within the HSPF interface. The following sections will describe the input dialogs involved in the interface and will explain the expected input parameters. It is recommended that the user consult the HSPF documentation to receive a complete description of how HSPF uses the parameters.

Download or read book Impacts of Landscape Change on Water Resources written by Manoj K. Jha and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in land use and land cover can have many drivers, including population growth, urbanization, agriculture, demand for food, evolution of socio-economic structure, policy regulations, and climate variability. The impacts of these changes on water resources range from changes in water availability (due to changes in losses of water to evapotranspiration and recharge) to degradation of water quality (increased erosion, salinity, chemical loadings, and pathogens). The impacts are manifested through complex hydro-bio-geo-climate characteristics, which underscore the need for integrated scientific approaches to understand the impacts of landscape change on water resources. Several techniques, such as field studies, long-term monitoring, remote sensing technologies, and advanced modeling studies, have contributed to better understanding the modes and mechanisms by which landscape changes impact water resources. Such research studies can help unlock the complex interconnected influences of landscape on water resources in terms of quantity and quality at multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this Special Issue, we published a set of eight peer-reviewed articles elaborating on some of the specific topics of landscape changes and associated impacts on water resources.

Download or read book Optimization of the Distributed Parameter Unified Model for River Systems written by Howard Samuel White and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Swarm and Computational Intelligence written by Ying Tan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book and its companion volumes, LNCS volumes 9140, 9141 and 9142, constitute the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Swarm Intelligence, ICSI 2015 held in conjunction with the Second BRICS Congress on Computational Intelligence, CCI 2015, held in Beijing, China in June 2015. The 161 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 294 submissions. The papers are organized in 28 cohesive sections covering all major topics of swarm intelligence and computational intelligence research and development, such as novel swarm-based optimization algorithms and applications; particle swarm opt8imization; ant colony optimization; artificial bee colony algorithms; evolutionary and genetic algorithms; differential evolution; brain storm optimization algorithm; biogeography based optimization; cuckoo search; hybrid methods; multi-objective optimization; multi-agent systems and swarm robotics; Neural networks and fuzzy methods; data mining approaches; information security; automation control; combinatorial optimization algorithms; scheduling and path planning; machine learning; blind sources separation; swarm interaction behavior; parameters and system optimization; neural networks; evolutionary and genetic algorithms; fuzzy systems; forecasting algorithms; classification; tracking analysis; simulation; image and texture analysis; dimension reduction; system optimization; segmentation and detection system; machine translation; virtual management and disaster analysis.

Download or read book Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases written by Mark Liebig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change is a natural process that currently appears to be strongly influenced by human activities, which increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture contributes about 20% of the world’s global radiation forcing from carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and produces 50% of the methane and 70% of the nitrous oxide of the human-induced emission. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) effort with contributors from a variety of backgrounds, and reports findings with important international applications. Frames responses to challenges associated with climate change within the geographical domain of the U.S., while providing a useful model for researchers in the many parts of the world that possess similar ecoregions Covers not only soil C dynamics but also nitrous oxide and methane flux, filling a void in the existing literature Educates scientists and technical service providers conducting greenhouse gas research, industry, and regulators in their agricultural research by addressing the issues of GHG emissions and ways to reduce these emissions Synthesizes the data from top experts in the world into clear recommendations and expectations for improvements in the agricultural management of global warming potential as an aggregate of GHG emissions