Download or read book Modeling of Permanent Magnet Machines Using Field Reconstruction Method written by Lei Gu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is becoming more prevalent in industry applications due to its high power and torque density. The magnetic field distribution in the airgap of the motor is critical in predicting the performance, as well as implementing optimal design and control. Conventional methods to calculate the magnetic field include analytical lumped model, equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method, and finite element analysis (FEA) method. However, they have their limitation in terms of accuracy and computation time. Field reconstruction method was recently proposed for modeling of a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM). It provides a fast method to reconstruct the magnetic field distribution with both high computation efficiency and good accuracy. However, due to the partial saturation effect in interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM), conventional FRM method cannot be directly applied for modeling of IPMSM. An extended FRM (EFRM) is proposed to overcome the issue of partial saturation and slotting effect in IPMSM. Conformal mapping (CM) was recently proposed to calculate the magnetic field analytically. In general, CM is to map the complicated air gap structure into a simplified structure such as a rectangle or an annulus, in which the analytical solution of the magnetic field is readily available. The analytical solution of the magnetic field in simplified geometry is then transferred back to obtain the magnetic field distribution in original air gap geometry. Also, the effect of stator slots can be modeled with an equivalent permeability. As such original stator slots are transfomed into a slotless structure. This greatly simplifies the process of CM. What’s more, considering the equivalent permeability method would simplify the stator slot to a slotless structure which would greatly reduce the time to build the basis functions in EFRM. The combination of EFRM and CM would be an effective method to model IPMSM. In summary, CM shows a great advantage in achieving high calculation efficiency in modeling of PMSM though the accuracy is limited by only the saturation effects. The application of EFRM is extended to calculate the core loss and to estimate the average torque in PMSM. FEA simulation and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Download or read book Limits Modeling and Design of High Speed Permanent Magnet Machines written by Aleksandar Borisavljevic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing number of applications that require fast-rotating machines; motivation for this thesis comes from a project in which downsized spindles for micro-machining have been researched. The thesis focuses on analysis and design of high-speed PM machines and uses a practical design of a high-speed spindle drive as a test case. Phenomena, both mechanical and electromagnetic, that take precedence in high-speed permanent magnet machines are identified and systematized. The thesis identifies inherent speed limits of permanent magnet machines and correlates those limits with the basic parameters of the machines. The analytical expression of the limiting quantities does not only impose solid constraints on the machine design, but also creates the way for design optimization leading to the maximum mechanical and/or electromagnetic utilization of the machine. The models and electric-drive concepts developed in the thesis are evaluated in a practical setup.
Download or read book Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines written by Sandra Eriksson and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is continuously increasing worldwide, especially with the increased use of renewable energy and the electrification of transports. This book contains the successful submissions of fifteen papers to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines”. The focus is on permanent magnet synchronous machines and the electrical systems they are connected to. The presented work represents a wide range of areas. Studies of control systems, both for permanent magnet synchronous machines and for brushless DC motors, are presented and experimentally verified. Design studies of generators for wind power, wave power and hydro power are presented. Finite element method simulations and analytical design methods are used. The presented studies represent several of the different research fields on permanent magnet machines and electric drives.
Download or read book Vector Control of Three Phase AC Machines written by Nguyen Phung Quang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the vector control of three-phase AC machines, in particular induction motors with squirrel-cage rotors (IM), permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) and doubly-fed induction machines (DFIM), from a practical design and development perspective. The main focus is on the application of IM and PMSM in electrical drive systems, where field-orientated control has been successfully established in practice. It also discusses the use of grid-voltage oriented control of DFIMs in wind power plants. This second, enlarged edition includes new insights into flatness-based nonlinear control of IM, PMSM and DFIM. The book is useful for practitioners as well as development engineers and designers in the area of electrical drives and wind-power technology. It is a valuable resource for researchers and students.
Download or read book Modeling and Design Optimization of Permanent Magnet Variable Flux Machines written by Amirmasoud Takbash and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with rare-earth magnets are widely used especially in traction applications as a result of their higher efficiency and torque density in comparison with other electrical motors. Due to price fluctuations and limited production of rare-earth materials, it is essential to find alternatives to the rare-earth PMSMs for different applications. This thesis focuses on the application of Aluminum-Nickel-Cobalt (AlNiCo) magnets in PMSMs. AlNiCo magnets can theoretically provide torque densities comparable to rare-earth magnets in electrical machines. The application of AlNiCo magnets in electrical machines can improve the field-weakening performance, due to the possibility of varying their magnetic flux density using armature current pulses. As a result, these machines are named variable flux machines (VFMs). This thesis presents an analytical model for the VFM to calculate the no-load air gap flux density and consequently, the no-load back-EMF, torque peak to peak value, average torque, and magnetization current. The proposed model is used to develop an analytical design criterion for spoke type AlNiCo-based VFMs. An experimental characterization of an existing spoke type VFM at different magnetization levels is done of the torque waveform, the torque-angle characteristics, the no-load back-EMF and the magnetization/demagnetization energy. An optimization procedure to reduce the torque ripple and the magnetization current of the spoke type AlNiCo-based VFM is then proposed. A new VFM design with radially magnetized interior magnets is presented to enhance the torque density in the field-weakening operating condition. The torque-speed and power-speed characteristics of the VFM are calculated considering the demagnetization of the AlNiCo magnets in the field-weakening region. The proposed design keeps the fully magnetized condition at both no-load and full-load conditions and provides high power densities at a wider speed range. This design is also optimized to have reduced torque ripple. An improved core loss model is proposed and implemented in the finite element software, and an experimental method based on the flux controllability of the VFM is developed to measure the mechanical and core losses at the no-load condition. These results are then used to verify the proposed core loss model.
Download or read book Advanced Theory of Fractional Slot Concentrated Wound Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines written by Mohammad Farshadnia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the analytical modeling of fractional-slot concentrated-wound (FSCW) interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines and establishes a basis for their magnetic and electrical analysis. Aiming at the precise modeling of FSCW IPM machines’ magnetic and electrical characteristics, it presents a comprehensive mathematical treatment of the stator magneto-motive force (MMF), the IPM rotor non-homogeneous magnetic saturation, and its airgap flux density. The FSCW stator spatial MMF harmonics are analytically formulated, providing a basis on which a novel heuristic algorithm is then proposed for the design of optimal winding layouts for multiphase FSCW stators with different slot/pole combinations. In turn, the proposed mathematical models for the FSCW stator and the IPM rotor are combined to derive detailed mathematical expressions of its operational inductances, electromagnetic torque, torque ripple and their respective subcomponents, as a function of the machine geometry and design parameters. Lastly, the proposed theories and analytical models are validated using finite element analysis and experimental tests on a prototype FSCW IPM machine.
Download or read book Permanent Magnet Motor Technology written by Jacek F. Gieras and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-08-25 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of permanent magnet (PM) motor technology and its impact on electromechanical drives has grown exponentially since the publication of the bestselling second edition. The PM brushless motor market has grown considerably faster than the overall motion control market. This rapid growth makes it essential for electrical and electromechanical engineers and students to stay up-to-date on developments in modern electrical motors and drives, including their control, simulation, and CAD. Reflecting innovations in the development of PM motors for electromechanical drives, Permanent Magnet Motor Technology: Design and Applications, Third Edition demonstrates the construction of PM motor drives and supplies ready-to-implement solutions to common roadblocks along the way. This edition supplies fundamental equations and calculations for determining and evaluating system performance, efficiency, reliability, and cost. It explores modern computer-aided design of PM motors, including the finite element approach, and explains how to select PM motors to meet the specific requirements of electrical drives. The numerous examples, models, and diagrams provided in each chapter facilitate a lucid understanding of motor operations and characteristics. This 3rd edition of a bestselling reference has been thoroughly revised to include: Chapters on high speed motors and micromotors Advances in permanent magnet motor technology Additional numerical examples and illustrations An increased effort to bridge the gap between theory and industrial applications Modified research results The growing global trend toward energy conservation makes it quite possible that the era of the PM brushless motor drive is just around the corner. This reference book will give engineers, researchers, and graduate-level students the comprehensive understanding required to develop the breakthroughs that will push this exciting technology to the forefront.
Download or read book Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines written by Jacek F. Gieras and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-26 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) brushless machines are modern electrical machines with a lot of advantages over their conventional counterparts. This timeless and revised second edition deals with the analysis, construction, design, control and applications of AFPM machines. The authors present their own research results, as well as significant research contributions made by others.
Download or read book Application of Magnetic Hysteresis Modeling to the Design and Analysis of Electrical Machines written by Maged Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with rare-earth magnets are widely used in the traction drives of electrical and hybrid electrical vehicles, as they can provide high efficiency and torque density. Due to the possibility of future shortage of rare-earth materials, it is essential for electric vehicle industry to find alternative magnet technologies that can provide a substitute for rare-earth PMSMs. Permanent magnet machines with Alnico magnets can theoretically provide torque densities comparable to rare-earth PMSMs, due to their high remnant flux density. However, these magnets are rarely used in the conventional designs of PMSMs, as they can be demagnetized by the armature field. The thesis presents a novel design for permanent magnet machines with Alnico magnets. The proposed design can provide high air gap flux density at no-load, and the armature field at full load tends to enhance the magnet flux. Therefore, the machine can operate with high torque density even under severe loading conditions. The demagnetization characteristics of Alnico magnets are also utilized to achieve high efficiency at a wide speed range, as the magnet flux is reduced at high speeds by armature current pulses that dissipate negligible losses, thus avoiding the additional copper losses of the continuous flux weakening current in conventional rare-earth PMSMs. The simulation of the demagnetization and magnetization dynamics of the proposed machine design requires considering the hysteresis characteristics of the permanent magnets. Therefore, finite element analysis (FEA) simulations for the designed machine are performed using a linearized hysteresis model for Alnico magnets. The thesis also aims to improve the design and modeling of electrical machines by developing computationally efficient methods for incorporating the hysteresis characteristics of electrical steel into electrical machine models.
Download or read book Design Rules for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Tooth Coil Winding Arrangement written by Ahamed Bilal Asaf Ali and published by Cuvillier. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the generic rules for permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with tooth coil winding arrangement. The generic rules concentrates on minimized cogging torque and torque ripple. The geometries considered in this thesis are two different tooth coil winding arrangements and three different rotor types to formulate the design rules. The occurrence of parasitic torque in the PMSM is classified from the origin of harmonic sources. The cogging torque and torque ripple are derived analytically using the stator current sheet distribution, the rotor field distribution and the permeance functions. The detailed torque analysis are performed in Finite Element Method (FEM) for different slot opening and magnet pole coverage. The 2D harmonics analysis approach is used to predict the sources of the harmonics. The torque is reconstructed from the selected harmonics combinations and are compared with the pulsating torque obtained directly from the FEM. The harmonic sources of pulsating torque are also validated with prototype for a geometry. The investigations on pulsating torque are extended to other operating points such as field weakening and half load condition. Finally, the generic design rules are suggested for PMSM with tooth coil winding arrangement. In addition, simplified design rules to have quick design approach and design guidelines from manufacturing point of view are suggested.
Download or read book High Performance AC Drives written by Mukhtar Ahmad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variable speed is one of the important requirements in most of the electric drives. Earlier dc motors were the only drives that were used in industries requiring - eration over a wide range of speed with step less variation, or requiring fine ac- racy of speed control. Such drives are known as high performance drives. AC - tors because of being highly coupled non-linear devices can not provide fast dynamic response with normal controls. However, recently, because of ready availability of power electronic devices, and digital signal processors ac motors are beginning to be used for high performance drives. Field oriented control or vector control has made a fundamental change with regard to dynamic perfo- ance of ac machines. Vector control makes it possible to control induction or s- chronous motor in a manner similar to control scheme used for the separately - cited dc motor. Recent advances in artificial intelligence techniques have also contributed in the improvement in performance of electric drives. This book presents a comprehensive view of high performance ac drives. It may be considered as both a text book for graduate students and as an up-to-date monograph. It may also be used by R & D professionals involved in the impro- ment of performance of drives in the industries. The book will also be beneficial to the researchers pursuing work on sensorless and direct torque control of electric drives as up-to date references in these topics are provided.
Download or read book Mathematical Models for the Design of Electrical Machines written by Frédéric Dubas and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-15 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting the latest advances and developments in mathematical modeling and the design of electrical machines for different applications. The main models discussed are based on the: i) Maxwell–Fourier method (i.e., the formal resolution of Maxwell’s equations by using the separation of variables method and the Fourier’s series in 2-D or 3-D with a quasi-Cartesian or polar coordinate system); ii) electrical, thermal and magnetic equivalent circuit; iii) hybrid model. In these different papers, the numerical method and the experimental tests have been used as comparisons or validations.
Download or read book Automotive Software Engineering written by Thomas Zurawka and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2016-09-18 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early seventies, the development of the automobile has been characterized by a steady increase in the deploymnet of onboard electronics systems and software. This trend continues unabated and is driven by rising end-user demands and increasingly stringent environmental requirements. Today, almost every function onboard the modern vehicle is electronically controlled or monitored. The software-based implementation of vehicle functions provides for unparalleled freedoms of concept and design. However, automobile development calls for the accommodation of contrasting prerequisites – such as higher demands on safety and reliability vs. lower cost ceilings, longer product life cycles vs. shorter development times – along with growing proliferation of model variants. Automotive Software Engineering has established its position at the center of these seemingly conflicting opposites. This book provides background basics as well as numerous suggestions, rare insights, and cases in point concerning those processes, methods, and tools that contribute to the surefooted mastery of the use of electronic systems and software in the contemporary automobile.
Download or read book Computer Field Models of Electromagnetic Devices written by Sławomir Wiak and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Field Models of Electromagnetic Devices, volume 34 in the book series Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics is devoted to modeling and simulation, control systems, testing, measurements, monitoring, diagnostics and advanced software
Download or read book Third Harmonic Utilization in Permanent Magnet Machines written by Kai Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the utilization of harmonics in the permanent magnet (PM) or rotor shape to improve the torque density of PM brushless AC machines including three-phase inner rotor and outer rotor machines, five-phase machines, dual three-phase machines, linear machines, by means of analytical, finite element analyses, and as well as experimental validation. The torque density can be improved while the torque ripple remains low in PM shaping utilizing the 3rd harmonic. In this book, the analytical expression of output torque is derived for PM machines with rotor shape using the 3rd harmonic, and then the optimal 3rd harmonic for maximizing torque is analytically obtained. The book compares the PM shape in surface-mounted PM (SPM) machines and the rotor lamination shape in interior PM (IPM) machines utilizing the 3rd harmonic, and it becomes clear that their shaping methods and amount of torque improvement are different. In a five-phase PM machine, the 3rd harmonic can be utilized in both the current waveform and PM shapes to further improve the output torque. For the dual three-phase SPM machines without deteriorating the torque more than 30% when the optimal 3rd harmonic into both the current and PM shape are injected. The harmonics in airgap flux density have significant influence on the cogging torque, stator iron flux distribution, and radial force between the rotor and stator. These effects has been investigated as well in this book.
Download or read book Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Fractional Slot and Concentrated Winding Configurations written by Wei-Zhong Fei and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The permanent magnet synchronous machines with fractional slot and concentrated winding configuration have been steadily gaining traction in various applications in recent times. This is mainly driven by several advantages offered by this configuration such as high-torque density, outstanding efficiency, and easy and low-cost fabrication. The main focus of this thesis is dedicated to the investigation of three main topologies of fractional-slot and concentratedwinding permanent magnet synchronous machines specifically suited for particular applications. Additionally, the cogging torque and torque ripple reduction technique based on a novel axial pole pairing scheme in two different radial-flux permanent magnet synchronous machines with fractional-slot and concentratedwinding configuration are investigated. First, an axial flux permanent magnet segmented-armature-torus machine with laminated stator is proposed for in-wheel direct drive application. Both simplified analytical method and three-dimensional finite element analysis model accounting for anisotropic property of lamination are developed to analyze the machine performance. The predicted and experimental results are in good agreement and indicate that the proposed machine could deliver exciting and excellent performance. The impact of magnet segmentation on magnet eddy current losses in the prototype is carried out by the proposed three-dimensional finite element analysis model. The results show that the eddy current losses in the magnet could be effectively reduced by either circumferentially or radially segmenting the magnets. Furthermore, a magnet shaping scheme is employed and investigated to reduce the cogging torque and torque ripple of the prototype. This is validated using the three-dimensional finite element analysis model as well. Second, a coreless axial flux permanent magnet machine with circular magnets and coils is proposed as a generator for man-portable power platform. Approximate analytical and three-dimensional finite element analysis models are developed to analyze and optimize the electromagnetic performance of the machine. Comprehensive mechanical stress analysis has been carried out by threedimensional structural finite element analysis, which would ensure the rotor integrity at expected high rotational speed. The results from both three-dimensional finite element analysis and experiments have validated that the proposed prototype is a compact and efficient high speed generator with very simple and robust structure. Additionally, this structure offers simplified assembly and manufacturing processes utilizing off-the-shelf magnets. Third, a novel radial flux outer rotor permanent magnet flux switching machine is proposed for urban electric vehicle propulsion. Initial design based on the analytical sizing equations would lead to severe saturation and excessive magnet volumes in the machine and subsequently poor efficiency. An improved design is accomplished by optimizing the geometric parameters, which can significantly improve the machine efficiency and effectively reduce the overall magnet volumes. Magnet segmentations can be employed to further improve the machine performance. Finally, a novel axial pole pairing technique is proposed to reduce the cogging torque and torque ripple in radial flux fractional-slot and concentrated-winding permanent magnet synchronous machines. The implementation of the technique in outer rotor surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine shows that the cogging torque and torque ripple can be reduced very effectively with different magnet pairs. However, careful pair selection is of particular importance for compromise between cogging torque and torque ripple minimizations during the machine design stage. This technique is also employed to minimize the cogging torque in a permanent magnet flux switching integrated-stator-generator and it is compared with rotor step skewed technique. The estimated and experimental results show that the axial pole pairing technique can not mitigate the torque ripple of the machine as effectively as rotor step skewed approach although both the techniques could reduce the cogging torque to the same level.
