Download or read book Modeling of Ground Motion Attenuation in Eastern North America written by J. S. Barker and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling of Ground motion Attenuation in Eastern North America Project 2556 6 written by Consultants Woodward-Clyde and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling of Ground motion Attenuation in Eastern North America written by J. S. Barker and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ground motion Attenuation and Earthquake Source Scaling in Eastern North America written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Validation of Attenuation Models for Ground Motion Applications in Central and Eastern North America written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently developed attenuation models are incorporated into standard one-dimensional (1-D) ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs), effectively making them two-dimensional (2-D) and eliminating the need to create different GMPEs for an increasing number of sub-regions. The model is tested against a data set of over 10,000 recordings from 81 earthquakes in North America. The use of attenuation models in GMPEs improves our ability to fit observed ground motions and should be incorporated into future national hazard maps. The improvement is most significant at higher frequencies and longer distances which have a greater number of wave cycles. This has implications for the rare high-magnitude earthquakes, which produce potentially damaging ground motions over wide areas, and drive the seismic hazards. Furthermore, the attenuation models can be created using weak ground motions, they could be developed for regions of low seismicity where empirical recordings of ground motions are uncommon and do not span the full range of magnitudes and distances.

Download or read book Ground Motion Modeling For Eastern North America An Empirical Approach With The NGA East Database written by Md Nayeem Al Noman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for eastern North America for a particular measure of horizontal ground motion as a function of earthquake magnitude and fault type, distance from source to site, and local soil condition. The equations are for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and 5 % damped pseudo-absolute-acceleration spectra (PSA) at periods between 0.02 sec and 1 sec. The coefficients of the GMPEs are derived by empirical regression of the new NGA-East ground motion database. The anlysis used a total of 6544 records of PGA with a distance range from less than 10 km up to 3500 km and the available data for regression become less for longer periods. The developed empirical GMPEs, though not well constrained from large magnitude observations, fit the ground motions from small to moderate magnitude (M

Download or read book Ground Motion and Seismic Site Amplification in Central and Eastern North America and Regional Subduction Zones written by Grace Alexandra Parker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ground motion intensity measures are used to represent various components of earthquake shaking intensity and frequency content in the form of simple parameters; examples include peak ground acceleration, Arias intensity, and pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA). Ground motion models (GMMs) are developed to predict these intensity measures as a function of earthquake source, wave propagation path, and local geotechnical site conditions. GMMs are formulated to capture the underlying physics of source processes, wave propagation, and site response, with individual model parameters set based on various combinations of empirical ground motion data analysis and physics-based ground motion simulations. The majority of GMMs are conditioned for hard rock reference sites, with shear wave velocity (VS) = 3000 m/s, or with a time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 meters of the crust (VS30) = 760 m/s. Additional site amplification models are necessary in order to estimate GMIMs for other site conditions, including weathered rock and soil sites. As shear waves propagate vertically in the near-surface, the conservation of energy dictates that the wave amplitude must increase as the seismic velocity of the medium decreases. This amplification, or the so-called linear site effect, is usually parameterized using VS30, and sometimes site fundamental frequency or depth to bedrock, if available. This thesis has two parts, according to subject matter. The first part of this thesis, consisting of Chapters 2, 3, and 4, focuses on seismic site characterization and site amplification in central and eastern North America (CENA) in the context of the Next Generation Attenuation-East (NGA-East) project. Chapter 2 presents a hybrid geology-slope approach for VS30 estimation that utilized a new and expanded shear-wave velocity (VS) measurement database for CENA. The proxy is conditioned on geologic category from newly considered large-scale geologic maps, the extent of Wisconsin glaciation, sedimentary basin structure, and 30 arc-sec topographic gradient. Nonglaciated sites were found to have a modest natural log dispersion of VS30 ( ln V= 0.36) relative to glaciated sites ( lnV = 0.66), indicating better predictability of VS30 for the former. These findings were used estimate the mean and standard deviation of VS30 for NGA-East recording stations when measurements were not available. Chapter 3 presents empirical linear site amplification models conditioned on time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30) for CENA, developed using a combination of least-squares, mixed effects, and Bayesian techniques. Site amplification is found to scale with VS30 for intermediate to stiff site conditions (VS30 > 300 m/s) in a weaker manner than for active tectonic regions. For stiff sites (> 800 m/s), I find differences in amplification for previously glaciated and non-glaciated regions, with non-glaciated sites having lower amplification. The models account for predictor uncertainty, which does not affect the median model, but decreases model dispersion. Lastly, Chapter 4 presents recommendations for modeling of ergodic site amplification in CENA, based primarily on results from the literature (including the model in Chapter 3), for application in the U.S. Geological Survey national seismic hazard maps. Previously, the maps have used site factors developed using data and simulations for active tectonic regions; however, results from NGA-East demonstrate different levels of site amplification in CENA. The recommended model has three terms, two of which describe linear site amplification: an empirically constrained VS30-scaling term relative to a 760 m/s reference, and a simulation-based term to adjust site amplification from the 760 m/s to the CENA reference of VS = 3000 m/s. The second part of this thesis, consisting of Chapters 5 and 6, focuses on the development of a global GMM and site amplification model with regional adjustment factors for subduction zone regions as a part of the Next Generation Attenuation-Subduction (NGA-Sub) project. Chapter 5 presents global subduction zone GMMs for interface and intraslab events, with regionalized terms for Alaska, Cascadia, Central America. Mexico, Japan, South America, and Taiwan. The near-source saturation model, magnitude-dependent geometrical spreading, and magnitude-scaling break point are constrained using simulations and fault geometry, and the anelastic attenuation, magnitude scaling, and depth scaling terms are constrained empirically. The model is regionalized in the constant, anelastic attenuation, and depth-scaling terms, and the magnitude break-point. When applying the model to a region not considered in the study, we recommend using an appropriate range of epistemic uncertainty that captures regional variation. Chapter 6 presents a subduction-specific site amplification model, meant to be paired with the reference-rock GMM of Chapter 5. This site amplification model for subduction regions accounts for regional differences in VS30-scaling, and re-calibrates a widely used nonlinear site term for active tectonic regions.

Download or read book Early Site Permit Demonstration Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report develops and applies a methodology for estimating strong earthquake ground motion. The motivation was to develop a much needed tool for use in developing the seismic requirements for structural designs. An earthquake's ground motion is a function of the earthquake's magnitude, and the physical properties of the earth through which the seismic waves travel from the earthquake fault to the site of interest. The emphasis of this study is on ground motion estimation in Eastern North America (east of the Rocky Mountains), with particular emphasis on the Eastern United States and southeastern Canada. Eastern North America is a stable continental region, having sparse earthquake activity with rare occurrences of large earthquakes. While large earthquakes are of interest for assessing seismic hazard, little data exists from the region to empirically quantify their effects. The focus of the report is on the attributes of ground motion in Eastern North America that are of interest for the design of facilities such as nuclear power plants. This document, Volume II, contains Appendices 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 covering the following topics: Eastern North American Empirical Ground Motion Data; Examination of Variance of Seismographic Network Data; Soil Amplification and Vertical-to-Horizontal Ratios from Analysis of Strong Motion Data From Active Tectonic Regions; Revision and Calibration of Ou and Herrmann Method; Generalized Ray Procedure for Modeling Ground Motion Attenuation; Crustal Models for Velocity Regionalization; Depth Distribution Models; Development of Generic Site Effects Model; Validation and Comparison of One-Dimensional Site Response Methodologies; Plots of Amplification Factors; Assessment of Coupling Between Vertical & Horizontal Motions in Nonlinear Site Response Analysis; and Modeling of Dynamic Soil Properties.

Download or read book Model Bias Analysis Using Statistical Methods with the NGA East Ground Motion Database written by Luke Philip Ogweno and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) East project has an updated database for Central and Eastern North America (CENA) ground motions. I analyzed the performance of ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) used in the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project (NSHMP) and other potential GMPEs used in the CENA through bias analysis, model inadequacies check using statistical tests and finally ranking the GMPEs using log likelihood (LLH), and the Euclidean Distance Based Ranking (EDR) technique. From bias analysis, Atkinson and Boore (2011) (model A08p), Atkinson and Boore (2011) (model AB06p), and Atkinson and Boore (2006) (model AB06+) with 200 bar stress drop performed better than other GMPEs. EDR results show models A08, AB06p, and AB06+ as the best performing models for combined site classes. Models AB06p, EPRI (2004) cluster2 model (EPRI2), AB06+ and Silva et al. (2002) (SD02) matched the data well in rock sites.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Earthquake Spectra and Design written by Nathan Mortimore Newmark and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The concepts and procedures underlying modern earthquake engineering ae described. This paper provides a study of the introductory material on engineering analysis, and the seismic design procedures for buildings.

Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole

Download or read book Variability in Characteristics of Ground Motions Across North America written by Alireza Babaie Mahani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, ground motions from earthquakes in North America with moment magnitude (M) 3.0 to 6.0 were investigated to reveal regional differences in ground motion amplitudes. First, we examined several attenuation forms to evaluate their ability to describe the decay of response spectral amplitudes in different regions across North America. Linear, bi-linear and tri-linear regression forms with different combinations of geometric spreading coefficients were tested to assess their ability to describe spectral amplitude decay from 0.33 to 10 Hz in the distance range from 10 to 400 km. We found that the linear model has steeper slope in the west (~1.3) than in the east (~1), and may not extend well over large distances. The bi-linear form offers a good compromise between simplicity and the ability to model amplitude decay appropriately at both near and regional distances. Although tri-linear models are a better fit to the data in some regions (Eastern North America), they may have no practical advantage over simpler models. In the second step, a simple and robust approach to estimate moment magnitude (M) for events of M

Download or read book Ground Motion Prediction Equations for Central and Eastern North America CENA written by Arash Zandieh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First, a new path model, including the geometrical spreading and the quality factor functions, is developed for the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) using recorded small and moderate earthquakes. The database consists of 500 broadband seismograms from 63 events of magnitude Mw 2.5 to 5.2. All the broadband stations are located within the Mississippi embayment. The vertical components of the records are processed and used to define the path effect term in the frequency range of 0.2 to 30 Hz. At distances less than 70 km, the spectral amplitudes decay as R-1; between 70 and 140 km, spectral amplitudes increase with distance and the geometric spreading is defined as R+0.25; beyond 140 km, the attenuation is described by R-0.5. The quality factor function is expressed as Q=614f0.32 for frequencies greater than 1 Hz.Second, the horizontal-to-vertical component (H/V) spectral ratio is used as an estimation of the site response in the NMSZ. The observed average H/V ratios suggest site amplification between 2 and 4 in the low-frequency range (f

Download or read book Implementation of the Next Generation Attenuation Nga Ground motion Prediction Equations in Fortran and R written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents two methods for implementing the earthquake ground-motion prediction equations released in 2008 as part of the Next Generation Attenuation of Ground Motions (NGA-West, or NGA) project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER). These models were developed for predicting ground-motion parameters for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions (such as California). Of the five ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed during the NGA project, four models are implemented: the GMPEs of Abrahamson and Silva (2008), Boore and Atkinson (2008), Campbell and Bozorgnia (2008), and Chiou and Youngs (2008a); these models are abbreviated as AS08, BA08, CB08, and CY08, respectively. Since site response is widely recognized as an important influence of ground motions, engineering applications typically require that such effects be modeled.

Download or read book Measuring Modeling and Predicting the Seismic Site Effect written by Yefei Ren and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As recognized universally by both seismology and earthquake engineering communities, the amplitude and frequency content of ground motions are influenced by local site effects, including the effects of near-surface geologic materials, surface topographic and basin effects, and so on. Strong linkage between seismic site effect and earthquake damage has been commonly demonstrated from many past earthquakes. Therefore, quantitative and reliable evaluation of the seismic site effect is one of the crucial aspects in seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation. With the significant advancement of modern seismic monitoring networks and arrays, huge amounts of high-quality seismic records are now being accumulated. This encourages us to measure the site responses and its associated uncertainty for selected seismic stations by some record-dependent approaches, such as horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) measurements, generalized spectral inversion (GIT) methods, etc. Machine learning techniques also show significant promise in characterization of the near-surface geologic properties and prediction of site response. These data-driven approaches help us to better understand the physics of spatial and temporal variabilities of ground motions. Due to more and more site-specific data being captured, invoking non-ergodic assumptions in seismic response analysis has recently been a topic of great interest in the community. For specific site response analysis, numerical simulations are carried out to model the dynamic process of seismic waves propagating and scattering in the subsurface strata. With development of modeling capacity, great efforts have been taken to evaluate quantitatively the complex 2D and 3D effects on seismic site response.

Download or read book Seismic Strong Motion Synthetics written by Bruce Bolt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic Strong Motion Synthetics describes the methods of modeling the production of strong seismic ground motions by realistic seismic sources. Organized into six chapters, this book highlights the different ways of numerical treatment and the available computationally rapid and conceptually simple algorithms. The introductory chapter describes the intense bursts of radiation emitted during sudden changes in the rupture-front velocity occurring when the zone of slip reaches regions of differing stress drop. This topic is followed by an overview of the observations of seismic waves close to the fault and a discussion on the application of kinematic dislocation models to the synthesis of strong ground motion, such as the representation theorem and methods of theoretical and semi-empirical synthesis. A chapter deals with dynamic shear cracks with an emphasis on numerical modeling of complete three-dimensional, spontaneous rupture processes not only in an infinite, homogeneous medium but also in a homogeneous half-space or horizontally layered medium. This book also describes a tool capable of synthesizing strong motion records from a basic understanding of fault mechanics and seismic-wave propagation in the earth. The text further examines the calculation of ground motions at locations near to large earthquakes. The concluding chapter explores the methods of computing the motions that result from elastic waves propagating through complex structures. This book is an advanced text on numerical modeling for use in graduate and upper-division courses in physics, geophysics, and earthquake engineering.