Download or read book Biogeochemical Cycles written by Katerina Dontsova and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elements move through Earth's critical zone along interconnected pathways that are strongly influenced by fluctuations in water and energy. The biogeochemical cycling of elements is inextricably linked to changes in climate and ecological disturbances, both natural and man-made. Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact examines the influences and effects of biogeochemical elemental cycles in different ecosystems in the critical zone. Volume highlights include: Impact of global change on the biogeochemical functioning of diverse ecosystems Biological drivers of soil, rock, and mineral weathering Natural elemental sources for improving sustainability of ecosystems Links between natural ecosystems and managed agricultural systems Non-carbon elemental cycles affected by climate change Subsystems particularly vulnerable to global change The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Book Review: http://www.elementsmagazine.org/archives/e16_6/e16_6_dep_bookreview.pdf

Download or read book Modeling Microbial Respiration written by Paul Igboji and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-07-31 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms are major agents by which C and energy move through the soil. Soils provide a major source and sink for greenhouse gases particularly CO2, CH4 and N2O.The global C cycle (Pidwimy, 2005; RCEP, 1996; Houghton and Hackler., 1995). The world's soils represent a very large reservoir of C. The amount of C in decaying plant litter and soil organic matter (SOM) may exceed the amount in living biomass by a factor of 2 or 3 (RCEP, 1996; EE, 1993). A pool of 9,322 Mt C is present in British soils, peat and litter and 114 Mt C in British vegetation (with 80% of this value in forests and woodlands). The release of CO2 from soils is a natural process, occurring through the oxidation of SOM and plant litter by microbial populations. The rate at which CO2 is released depends on land use and soil management. Accelerated loss can be triggered by the changes in land use for example when forests or grasslands are converted to arable cropping (RCEP, 1996).C can accumulate in soil when arable land is converted to grassland or forest but it takes about ten times longer to build up soil C following conversion to pasture than it takes to deplete C stocks after pasture land has been ploughed (RCEP, 1996). It has been observed that C accumulates much more slowly following a change from arable to pasture; 49 t C ha-1 might be added over 275 years half of it in the first 38 years (RCEP, 1996; Cannel et al., 1994). Human influence on the natural cycle has resulted in the accelerated release as atmospheric CO2, contained in the chalk, limestone, and fossil fuels formed over a very long time from oceanic sediments (RCEP, 1996). Living cells need a constant supply of energy, which for heterotrophic microflora is derived from the transformation of organic matter such as cellulose, proteins, nucleotides and humifieds compounds. Energy supplying reactions in the cell are redox reactions based on the transfer of electrons from a donor to an acceptor. Through aerobic respiration that is the oxidation of organic matter by aerobic micro-organisms oxygen functions as the terminal acceptor of the electrons. The metabolic activities of soil micro-organisms can therefore be quantified by measuring the CO2 production or O2 consumption (Alef, 1995; Nannipieri et al., 1990). Soil respiration is one of the oldest and still most frequently used parameters for quantifying microbial activities in soils (Kieft and Rosacker, 1991). Basal respiration is defined as respiration without the addition of organic substance to soil. Substrate-induced respiration (SIR) is the soil respiration measured in the presence of an added substrate such as glucose. Respiration is not only restricted to micro-organisms but it is also carried out by other organisms inhabiting the soils. Like other metabolic activities it depends on the physiological state of the cells and is influenced by different factors in the soil (Alef, 1995). Respiration is influenced by soil moisture, temperature, the availability of nutrients, soil structure and tillage. Air drying significantly reduces soil respiration. Re-moistened soils however show very high initial activities; probably as a result of the high concentrations of easily degradable organic compounds such as amino and organic acids caused by chemical and physical processes at the moistening of dry soils (Clark and Kemper, 1967; Anderson, 1975; Wilson and Griffin, 1975a, 1975b; Kowalenko et al., 1978; Krockel and Stolp, 1986; Kieft et al., 1987). The re-moistening of air dry soils containing carbonate also causes the release of abiotic CO2. In this case it is recommended that the O2 consumption is measured (Anderson, 1982; Kieft et al., 1987). Soil respiration decreases with the depth of soil and correlates significantly with SOM (Corg), and most microbial parameters. This book describes additional benefits of using CENTURY 4.0 model to simulate microbial respiration.

Download or read book Mathematical Modeling in Microbial Ecology written by A.L. Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Chapman & Hall Microbiology Series this unique resource offers specific experimental and practical applications of mathematical modeling in microbial ecology. The text presents a variety of systems, ranging from subcellular systems to ecosystems, and shows how to test whether the models provide a good representation of the system. The book also encourages further development and application of modeling to burgeoning problems associated with microbial ecology, such as the pollution and destruction of pesticides and herbicides.

Download or read book Systems Level Modelling of Microbial Communities written by Aarthi Ravikrishnan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systems-Level Modelling of Microbial Communities: Theory and Practice introduces various aspects of modelling microbial communities and presents a detailed overview of the computational methods which have been developed in this area. This book is aimed at researchers in the field of computational/systems biology as well as biologists/experimentalists studying microbial communities, who are keen on embracing the concepts of computational modelling. The primary focus of this book is on methods for modelling interactions between micro-organisms in a community, with special emphasis on constraint-based and network-based modelling techniques. A brief overview of population- and agent-based modelling is also presented. Lastly, it covers the experimental methods to understand microbial communities, and provides an outlook on how the field may evolve in the coming years.

Download or read book CRC Handbook of Laboratory Model Systems for Microbial Ecosystems written by Julian W.T. Wimpenny and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1988-10-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes present the main classes of useful laboratory model systems used to study microbial ecosystems, with emphasis on the practical details for the use of each model. The most commonly used model, the homogeneous fermenter, is featured along with linked homogeneous culture systems, film fermenters, and percolating columns. Additionally, gel-stabilized culture systems which incorporate molecular diffusion as their main solute transfer mechanism and the microbial colony are explained. Chapters comparing model systems with "microcosms" are included, along with discussions of the value of computer models in microbial ecosystem research. Highlighted is a global discussion of the value of laboratory models in microbial ecology.

Download or read book Microbial Respiration written by Walter P. Hempfling and published by Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company. This book was released on 1979 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Processes in Microbial Ecology written by David L. Kirchman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial ecology is the study of interactions among microbes in natural environments and their roles in biogeochemical cycles, food web dynamics, and the evolution of life. Microbes are the most numerous organisms in the biosphere and mediate many critical reactions in elemental cycles and biogeochemical reactions. Because microbes are essential players in the carbon cycle and related processes, microbial ecology is a vital science for understanding the role of the biosphere in global warming and the response of natural ecosystems to climate change. This novel textbook discusses the major processes carried out by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and other protists - the microbes - in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. It focuses on biogeochemical processes, starting with primary production and the initial fixation of carbon into cellular biomass, before exploring how that carbon is degraded in both oxygen-rich (oxic) and oxygen-deficient (anoxic) environments. These biogeochemical processes are affected by ecological interactions, including competition for limiting nutrients, viral lysis, and predation by various protists in soils and aquatic habitats. The book neatly connects processes occurring at the micron scale to events happening at the global scale, including the carbon cycle and its connection to climate change issues. A final chapter is devoted to symbiosis and other relationships between microbes and larger organisms. Microbes have huge impacts not only on biogeochemical cycles, but also on the ecology and evolution of more complex forms of life, including Homo sapiens..

Download or read book Simulation of Respiration in Microbial Slime Films written by Henry Robert Bungay and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling the Metabolic and Physiologic Activities of Microorganisms written by Christon J. Hurst and published by . This book was released on 1992-09-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes methods for formulating models of the metabolic and physiological processes of microorganisms from a mathematical perspective. The models used--biodegradation, individual cellular functions and environmental cycles--are practical, mathematical tools that enable researchers to predict and control microorganism behavior. The focus is on their behavior in the natural environment, with mixed populations of microorganisms and heterogeneous substrates.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Respiration Rate and Microbial Activity and Kinetic Modelling of the Activated Sludge Extended Aeration Process written by Carlos Eduardo Vargas Lopez and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Respiration simulation Method for Estimating Active Soil Microbial Biomass written by H. Van de Werf and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling written by Gordon Bonan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an essential introduction to modeling terrestrial ecosystems in Earth system models for graduate students and researchers.

Download or read book Modeling Microbial Responses in Food written by Robin C. McKellar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-12-29 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first state-of-the-art review of this dynamic field in a decade, Modeling Microbial Responses in Foods provides the latest information on techniques in mathematical modeling of microbial growth and survival. The comprehensive coverage includes basic approaches such as improvements in the development of primary and secondary models, statistical

Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.

Download or read book New Methods and Models for Constraint based Modeling of the Microbial Metabolism written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constraint-based metabolic modeling has been an important technique in broadening and deepening understanding of microbial metabolism. This thesis describes new models and methods which extend previous techniques in constraint-based modeling. Constraint-based modeling uses mass balances, flux capacity, and reaction directionality constraints to predict fluxes through metabolism, but kinetic rate laws have not been extensively used. In the first study, we formulated and solved an in vivo kinetic parameter estimation problem using multi-omic data sets for Escherichia coli. The kinetic model was then used to calculate the maximum and minimum possible flux values for individual reactions. Incorporating these kinetically-derived flux limits into the constraint-based metabolic model improved predictions for uptake and secretion rates and intracellular fluxes. Computational strain design techniques employ constraint-based modeling to determine metabolic and regulatory network changes which are needed to improve chemical production. These methods identify deletions, additions, downregulations, and upregulations of metabolic genes that will increase biological production of a desired metabolic product. In the second study, we proposed a new strain design method with continuous modifications (CosMos) that provides strategies for deletions, downregulations, and upregulations of fluxes that will lead to the production of the desired products. We found that the method was able to find strain design strategies that required fewer modifications and had larger predicted yields than strategies from previous methods. Streptomyces is a genus of gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic actinobacteria. The genus contains prolific antibiotic producers, and a majority of the world's antibiotics that are produced by microbes originate from Streptomyces species. In a third study, we created genome-scale metabolic models for two streptomycetes, Streptomyces avermitilis and Streptomyces coelicolor, and used these models to investigate their unique catabolic and antibiotic production capabilities using constraint-based modeling. Based on growth phenotypes of the species on a variety of carbon sources, catabolic pathways were rediscovered in Streptomyces that were only recently described in distantly-related soil bacteria. The new constraint-based models can be used in future studies of S. coelicolor and S. avermitilis to enhance production of antibiotics and other constraint-based modeling analysis of the species.

Download or read book Modeling Dynamics of Biological and Chemical Components of Aquatic Ecosystems written by Ray R. Lassiter and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbiology written by Nina Parker and published by . This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology's art program enhances students' understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs. Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology."--BC Campus website.