Download or read book Modeling Metal Transport in Urban Stormwater Runoff Through Bioretention Facility and the Vadose Zone in Puget Sound Region Washington written by Tianyan Guo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soils of Stormwater Infiltration Basins in Puget Sound Region written by Jennifer J. Gaus and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactive Transport Modeling of Natural Attenuation in Stormwater Bioretention Cells and Under Land Application of Wastewater written by Jingqiu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural attenuation is a cost effective method to treat wastewater applied into soil. The natural attenuation process includes diffusion, dispersion, microbial activity, oxidation, mineral precipitation, sorption, and ion exchange to mitigate hydrocarbon, nutrient, metals, and solids. Vegetation also plays an important role in reducing water volume, and removing nutrients and solutes from the contaminated soil. We used a reactive transport model MIN3P-THM to simulate the natural attenuation on stormwater runoff, and oil and gas produced wastewater. In bioretention systems, the model results indicated that the bioretention systems were able to remove most of heavy metals, nitrate, and organic carbon through natural attenuation in the soil. Due to macropores and fast flow paths created by roots in vegetated cells, the water can carry ions flowing out of the system very quickly leading to a higher outflow rate and less removal efficiency than non-vegetated cells. The model also tested a range of possible design configurations to determine the optimal saturated zone thickness and outlet location for nitrate removal. In addition, different rainfall levels did influence the natural attenuation performance of bioretention cells under long time application. Due to less water and chemical input, climate patterns may lead to better removal of heavy metals. For land application of Oil and Gas Exploration and Production wastewater, five scenarios were developed to study the impact of chloride, salts, and organic matters on natural attenuation. Water and salinity stress were considered in the model to deal with high salinity wastewater in the root zone. For High-FDS and High-Cl treatments, long time application of high salinity wastewater did accumulate salts in the root zone and affect groundwater quality. Under the High-TOC treatment, TOC begins to build up in the root zone in concentrations up to 750 mg/L. More attention should be paid on long-term land application of high salinity wastewater; the application process may pollute groundwater and nearby rivers causing human health hazard. Plants would reduce water uptake to survive themselves when water and solute stress occurred under high salinity conditions. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152782
Download or read book Stormwater Management Alternatives written by Joachim Toby Tourbier and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Effects of Variable Water Chemistry on Bacterial Transport During Stormwater Infiltration written by Haibo Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathogenic microorganisms and heavy metals have frequently been detected in urban stormwater runoff. Pathogens transport to the groundwater table with the infiltrating water and cause groundwater contamination. A variety of physical, chemical and biological factors have been studied for their effects on bacterial transport. However, the effect of heavy metals has largely been ignored, despite the elevated concentrations common in stormwater runoff. This work examines changes in bacterial and soil surfaces using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy after exposure to synthetic stormwater amended with heavy metals. Sets of batch bacterial sorption experiments were conducted under different conditions by varying heavy metal concentrations in synthetic stormwater and soil exposure history. The results indicate that the presence of heavy metals increases bacterial attachment to soil surfaces. Modeling bacterial transport during stormwater infiltration is challenging due to the variability and complexity of the physical, chemical and biological interactions in the soil-water-bacteria system. This work quantified changes in bacterial attachment under variable solution chemistry using a newly combined rate equation, which varies temporally and spatially with changes in solution chemistry. The relative importance of physiochemical variation on the estimation of bacterial attachment was quantitatively described using two-phase Monte Carlo analysis. A semi-reactive microbial transport model was further developed in HP1 (HYDRUS1D-PHREEQC) with the incorporation of the newly combined rate equation. The model matched observed bacterial breakthrough curves in laboratory column experiments well. This method represents one step towards a more realistic model of bacterial transport in complex microbial-water-soil systems. The developed model was further applied to the investigation of bacterial removal in field bioretention systems. The influent and effluent water samples from bioretention systems in New York City were sampled and analyzed over the summer of 2012 for fecal indicator Escherichia coli. Reduction of the effluent bacterial concentrations was observed and the removal efficiency was up to 66%. The antecedent dry period was found to affect bacterial removal. Shorter antecedent dry period results in higher soil moisture which is favorable for bacteria in soil to persist. The semi-reactive microbial transport model was applied and the modeled bacterial removal efficiency agrees well with observed values with a slight overestimation. This is primarily due to the presence of preferential flow paths in the field bioretention systems, which are not considered in the model.
Download or read book Phase I Preliminary Environmental Investigation of Heavy Metals in Highway Runoff written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy metals in highway runoff continue to be a national concern for most transportation agencies including the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). In this project, a comprehensive critical review of the literature and data associated with heavy metals in stormwater runoff from highway settings was conducted to assist WSDOT in better understanding the indicators associated with elevated concentrations in response to suggestions that locations for dissolved metals treatment best management practices (BMPs) are to be determined based solely on Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT). Results found that multiple regression models have been used to predict contaminant concentrations with some success, however there are still considerable uncertainties related to the predictions due to the complexity and variability of highway settings. Furthermore, studies indicate that multiple linear regression models are only applicable in the geographic region and range of conditions represented by the original data set. Regional data necessary to populate and substantiate such a model for the State of Washington do not currently exist. As such, additional runoff quality and ancillary information across a variety of Washington highway AADT settings would be needed to improve the reliability associated with locating BMPs for treating metals contamination. In discussing these uncertainties with WSDOT and the Department of Ecology, it was determined that a multiple regression model was not feasible.
Download or read book Chemical Characterization of Stormwater Runoff from Three Puget Sound Boatyards written by Art Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Wise Cities and Sustainable Water Systems written by Xiaochang C. Wang and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building water-wise cities is a pressing need nowadays in both developed and developing countries. This is mainly due to the limitation of the available water resources and aging infrastructure to meet the needs of adapting to social and environmental changes and for urban liveability. This is the first book to provide comprehensive insights into theoretical, systematic, and engineering aspects of water-wise cities with a broad coverage of global issues. The book aims to (1) provide a theoretical framework of water-wise cities and associated sustainable water systems including key concepts and principles, (2) provide a brand-new thinking on the design and management of sustainable urban water systems of various scales towards a paradigm shift under the resource and environmental constraints, and (3) provide a technological perspective with successful case studies of technology selection, integration, and optimization on the “fit-for-purpose” basis.
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management Treatment of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Bioretention and Permeable Pavement Technologies written by Viktoriya Sirova and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban stormwater runoff is a major non-point source of pollutants release into the environment. Pollutants of concern include sediments; heavy metals; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); petroleum hydrocarbons; and chlorinated organic compounds, such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. Conventional stormwater management practices are designed to dispose of the runoff as quickly as possible, not to treat the pollutants. Low Impact Development (LID) concept is an alternative approach to the conventional framework that attempts to recreate hydrologically functional landscape mimicking pre-development regimes. This research paper assesses the effectiveness of two LID technologies, bioretention and permeable pavements in treating PAHs and common urban runoff metals such as lead, copper and zinc. Select case studies are used to synthesize data collected in the field and in the laboratory. Both technologies appear to be effective at treating metals with the exception of copper. Bioretention removal rates for dissolved zinc and lead range from 77-99% and 7-88% respectively. Removal rates for the same constituents by permeable pavements range from 40-97% and 30-80% respectively. Removal rates for dissolved copper by bioretention and permeable pavements range from export of 26% to removal of 70% and export of 40% to removal of 90% respectively. A clear mechanism behind dissolved copper leaching has not been determined. Bioretention is consistently effective at attenuating PAHs with removal rates ranging from 90-95%. No studies were found that evaluated the ability of permeable pavements to attenuate PAHs. Leaching of nitrogen and phosphate has been reported for both technologies, which presents a concern for nutrients overload. Long-term studies of both technologies in semi-arid climates are limited and require further research to demonstrate their effectiveness. Ongoing maintenance is essential for the continued long-term performance of bioretention and permeable pavements in attenuating pollutants. Making a single statement regarding which of the two technologies is better at producing cleaner effluent is not justified, since both are effective with some exceptions. Most likely, the use of both of these control measures in the treatment train set up would produce the most beneficial results.
Download or read book Cities of the Future written by Vladimir Novotny and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is developed from and includes the presentations of leading international experts and scholars in the 12-14 July, 2006 Wingspread Workshop. With urban waters as a focal point, this book will explore the links between urban water quality and hydrology, and the broader concepts of green cities and smart growth. It also addresses legal and social barriers to urban ecological sustainability and proposes practical ways to overcome those barriers. Cities of the Future features chapters containing visionary concepts on how to ensure that cities and their water resources become ecologically sustainable and are able to provide clean water for all beneficial uses. The book links North American and Worldwide experience and approaches. The book is primarily a professional reference aimed at a wide interdisciplinary audience, including universities, consultants, environmental advocacy groups and legal environmental professionals.
Download or read book Soil Survey of Clark County Washington written by Dale A. McGee and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Erosion and Sediment Control Planning written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Impact Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The manual introduces general audiences to designing landscapes for urban stormwater runoff -- a primary source of watershed pollution. The goal is to motivate awareness and implementation of LID in a wide cross-section of stakeholders, from property owners to municipal governments that regulate infrastructure development. The manual provides a holistic framework in which a novice homeowner and an experienced developer can each find an equally tranformative role to enact.
Download or read book Global Solutions for Urban Drainage written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Storm Water Technology Fact Sheet written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
