Download or read book Modeling Hydrological Performance of Rain Garden Design Scenarios Across Pennsylvania written by Sophia Garito and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional stormwater management has focused on reducing urban flooding through the collection and channeling of stormwater; however, this has led to a series of undesirable environmental impacts downstream. More modern stormwater managements are now beginning to be utilized, known as green infrastructure. Rain gardens are green infrastructure features used to remove stormwater in urban areas by detaining and retaining runoff. GIFMod was used to model the hydrological performance of residential rain gardens based on the predominant soil characteristics in regions of Pennsylvania. The objectives of these simulations were to analyze the sensitivity of basic rain garden design factors and explore the variability in rain garden performance throughout Pennsylvania, based on the maximum ponding depth and ponding time of the rain garden. While rain garden hydrological performance varies depending on native soil, it was found that Pennsylvania soils can often accommodate stormwater loading ratios much larger than those currently recommended. Additionally, it was concluded that evapotranspiration provides negligible contributions to runoff reduction in residential rain gardens. It is recommended that the rain garden design sizing guidelines outlined in the Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices manual be revised, and rain garden sizing be determined based on the infiltration rates of the native soil compositions.
Download or read book Using Openhydroqual to Model a Rain Garden and Assess the Impact of Internal Water Storage on Hydrologic Function written by Qian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rain gardens are a commonly used type of green stormwater infrastructure, implemented for managing stormwater quantity and quality. There is increasing interest in implementing a modification in rain gardens to create an internal water storage zone (IWS). While there is a growing body of work documenting IWS benefits on nitrogen removal, evidence of other benefits is less well documented. This study aims to investigate the influence of IWS on the hydrologic and hydraulic performance of rain gardens. The modeling tool OpenHydroQual is used to represent the rain garden system hydrology and hydraulics. The model is calibrated utilizing data collected from Penn State Intramural (IM) building rain garden. After modifying the calibrated model to represent a scenario with IWS added, results show that IWS has substantial influence on peak flow rate reduction and runoff volume. There is also a small amount of delay regarding peak flow timing. However, as IWS depths increase, the effect on peak flow reduction becomes less pronounced. In addition, evapotranspiration appears to be minimally sensitive to the introduction of IWS. Further research involving different datasets and software is recommended to provide more definitive conclusions, and to ensure that the best possible information is supporting regulatory recommendations for IWS implementation.
Download or read book A Distributed Modeling Approach for Evaluating Hydrological Effects of Rain Gardens in Urban Watersheds written by Waleska Echevarria and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) are sustainable stormwater management practices used to mitigate the effects of urbanization such as excess runoff and water quality issues. Implementation of BMPs and LID have been limited and sometimes restricted because of the lack of recognized methodologies to estimate their hydrologic effects in urban watersheds under a continuous rainfall period. It is expected that rain gardens will have a significant effect in the reduction of peak discharge and volume for a range of different storms magnitudes including less frequent events. Rain gardens are small depressions covered by native vegetation, which receive the runoff coming from impervious areas. These practices are part of the sustainable LID and BMPs approach with the goal of reducing runoff coming from urban areas, promoting evapotranspiration and restoring some of the infiltration capability of the predevelopment site. These distributed stormwater management practices modifies the urban watershed0́9s hydrologic response by varying the size and quantity of these distributed stormwater practices. Hydrologic processes of BMPs can be complex and non linear. Uncertainty could arise when commonly simplified models are use to simulates the effects of BMPs on the hydrologic response of the watershed. This research used a methodology developed to understand the hydrologic effects of rain gardens at different quantities distributed in an urban watershed for a continuous rainfall period. The methodology used in this research tries to improve the estimation of hydrologic process of rain gardens by using a physically distributed model, Mike SHE. Mike SHE, distributed by DHI, Inc. is a fully distributed model that is able to estimate a range of hydrological processes occurring in a rain garden. This model provides an improvement over simplified models, which cannot estimates relevant hydrologic processes. The Mike SHE model simulates evapotranspiration, subsurface flow and overland flow by coupling a finite difference method in two dimensions and the Richard0́9s equation for the unsaturated zone calculations. As part of the methodology used in this research, two rain garden scenarios with different quantities of rain gardens simulated are implemented in an urban watershed. Data from rain garden sites monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center were used to build and calibrate single rain garden models. The calibrated rain gardens were incorporated to an urban watershed with an area of 13 acres and 86 houses. The urban watershed model was calibrated by using observed data monitored in the 1960s without rain gardens. Rain garden scenarios were simulated under a continuous rainfall period. Results from this research showed that simulated rain gardens are able to reduce the peak discharge and volume among different return periods. The reduction of peak discharge and volume increased when the quantity of rain gardens increased. The hydrologic effects of rain gardens decreased when the magnitude of the storm increased. The reduction of peak discharge and volume ranged from 5% to 80% depending on the magnitude of the storm. It was found that the antecedent moisture conditions of rain gardens affected their capacity for runoff retention. The results found in this research show that physically distributed models are able to estimate hydrologic effects of rain gardens inside urban watersheds. This modeling approach provides the flexibility to estimate hydrologic effects of different rain gardens layouts under continuous rainfall periods. This modeling approach could be used by engineers and planners to examine hydrologic effects in urban watershed for design purposes.
Download or read book Hydrologic Analysis of Rain Garden Performance written by Yanan Ma and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban flooding became a significant issue for many cities worldwide due to rapid urbanization and increased impervious areas over the past two decades ([1]). Rain gardens are considered to be an economically-friendly solution for addressing this extensive urban storm water problem. The Marlborough neighborhood, in an urban (and older) area of Kansas City, MO (USA) was selected as a large study area with dense rain garden construction opportunities and applicability. The City of Kansas City introduced the rain garden project into this neighborhood to see if the rain gardens could perform well in reducing inflow to the collection system, thus reducing combined sewer system and long-term performance of rain gardens. There are seven rain gardens (part of 135 rain gardens in this six block neighborhood) that were monitored by the UMKC research team. The monitoring data reveals that the seven rain gardens have different performance responses during the same rain event. There are many candidate factors which may affect rain gardens’ hydrological performance, such as watershed area, street slope, watershed slope, impervious area, precipitation depth, precipitation duration peak precipitation intensity, and antecedent dry day. There were a total 57 rain events that were captured capacity issues. Regular and ongoing system monitoring is needed to quantify design parameters between June 2012 and June 2014 for seven monitored locations. This study presents which factors are the most significant to affect the gardens’ hydrological performance for future design. Therefore, a data-driven PCA and MLR model was developed from this study. Internal and external data validation have been processed to assess this model. Future site monitoring and design recommendation have been identified. Rain gardens’ hydrology characteristics research has been done for many years by different research groups nationwide. However, few studies show the detailed rain garden performance characteristics based on actual and varying field data. Most studies are limited to short monitoring periods and/or only one or two rain gardens. This study results can validate rain gardens’ hydrology features. Thus, it can provide valuable support for future engineering site design guidance and new data analysis approach to research work based on more robust and extensive data.
Download or read book Rain Garden Design and Function written by Michael Eric Dietz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rain Gardens written by Nigel Dunnett and published by Timber Press (OR). This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rain gardens encompass all possible elements that can be used to capture, channel, divert and make the most of the rain and snow that fall on a property. They have the potential to make beautiful additions to our environment. Rain Gardens is the first book on sustainable water management schemes suitable for students and professionals.
Download or read book Urban Drainage Modeling written by Robert W. Brashear and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection contains 91 papers presented at a specialty symposium on urban drainage modeling at the World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, held in Orlando, Florida, May 20-24, 2001.
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Download or read book Low Impact Development for Urban Ecosystem and Habitat Protection written by Nian She and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stream Corridor Restoration written by and published by National Technical Info Svc. This book was released on 1998 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a cooperative effort among fifteen Federal agencies and partners to produce a common reference on stream corridor restoration. It responds to a growing national and international interest in restoring stream corridors.
Download or read book Porous Pavements written by Bruce Ferguson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavements are the most ubiquitous of all man-made structures, and they have an enormous impact on environmental quality. They are responsible for hydrocarbon pollutants, excess runoff, groundwater decline and the resulting local water shortages, temperature increases in the urban "heat island," and for the ability of trees to extend their roots in
Download or read book Hydrology for Urban Land Planning written by Luna Bergere Leopold and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flexibility in Engineering Design written by Richard De Neufville and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-12 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to using the power of design flexibility to improve the performance of complex technological projects, for designers, managers, users, and analysts. Project teams can improve results by recognizing that the future is inevitably uncertain and that by creating flexible designs they can adapt to eventualities. This approach enables them to take advantage of new opportunities and avoid harmful losses. Designers of complex, long-lasting projects—such as communication networks, power plants, or hospitals—must learn to abandon fixed specifications and narrow forecasts. They need to avoid the “flaw of averages,” the conceptual pitfall that traps so many designs in underperformance. Failure to allow for changing circumstances risks leaving significant value untapped. This book is a guide for creating and implementing value-enhancing flexibility in design. It will be an essential resource for all participants in the development and operation of technological systems: designers, managers, financial analysts, investors, regulators, and academics. The book provides a high-level overview of why flexibility in design is needed to deliver significantly increased value. It describes in detail methods to identify, select, and implement useful flexibility. The book is unique in that it explicitly recognizes that future outcomes are uncertain. It thus presents forecasting, analysis, and evaluation tools especially suited to this reality. Appendixes provide expanded explanations of concepts and analytic tools.
Download or read book Plant Selection for Bioretention Systems and Stormwater Treatment Practices written by William F. Hunt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As cities develop, more land is converted into impervious surfaces, which do not allow water to infiltrate. Careful urban planning is needed to ensure that the hydrologic cycle and water quality of the catchment areas are not affected. There are techniques that can attenuate peak flow during rain events and reduce the amount of metals, nutrients, and bacteria that enter the urban water cycle. This brief gives a short introduction on bioretention systems and documents the effectiveness of some 36 plant species in removing water pollutants. A summary on the maintenance requirements is also presented.
Download or read book DayWater written by Daniel R. Thevenot and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2008-03-15 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European DayWater project has developed a prototype of an Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) related to urban stormwater pollution source control. The DayWater ADSS greatly facilitates decision-making for stormwater source control, which is currently impeded by the large number of stakeholders involved and by the necessary multidisciplinary knowledge. This book presents the results of this project, providing new insights into both technical and management issues. The main objectives of its technical chapters are pollution source control modelling, risk and impact assessment, and evaluation and comparison of best management practices. It also covers management aspects, such as the analysis of the decision-making processes in stormwater source control, at a European scale, and stormwater management strategies in general. The combination of scientific-technical and socio-managerial knowledge, with the strong cooperation of numerous end-users, reflects the innovative character of this book which includes actual applications of the ADSS prototype in significant case studies. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management contains 26 chapters collectively prepared by DayWater scientific partners and end-users associated with this European Research and Development project. It includes: A general presentation of the DayWater Adaptive Decision Support System (ADSS) structure and operation modes A detailed description of the major components of this ADSS prototype The assessment of its components in significant case studies in France, Germany and Sweden The proceedings of the International Conference on Decision Support Systems for Integrated Urban Water Management, held in Paris on 3-4 November 2005. The book presents the ADSS prototype including a combination of freely accessible on-line databases, guidance documents, “road maps” and modelling or multi-criteria analysis tools. As demonstrated in several significant case studies the challenge for stormwater managers is to make the benefits of urban stormwater management visible to society, resulting in active co-operation of a diversity of stakeholders. Only then, will sustainable management succeed. DayWater: an Adaptive Decision Support System for Urban Stormwater Management advances this cause of sustainable urban management through Urban stormwater management, and makes achievable (by means of risk and vulnerability tools which are included) the goal of integrated urban water management (IUWM).
Download or read book Stormwater Biofiltration Systems written by Belinda E. Hatt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management written by Earl Shaver and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
