Download or read book Modeling and Optimization of Remanufacturing Operations of Spent Products for Sustainability written by Eman Alaa Heikal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: In last century, the world has witnessed a great deal of technological and industrial progress. Branded products manufacturers have been competing in introducing new versions of their products frequently. Retailers and banks have been developing relaxed paying systems to fund the purchase of these new products. Exchanging strategies have been initiated by companies for customers to exchange their old version product for the latest versions. Such exchanging strategies are famous for vehicles, mobiles, and electrical appliances. Hence, a huge amount of unused or spent products are generated every day. Many researchers have been developing different models for dealing with the decisions related to remanufacturing operations. However, there is no decision making system the manufacturers could use for cost / benefit assessment of disassembling and recovering these products that considers the following points: (1) evaluating the value of recovering the whole product versus value associated with recovering its disassembled items , (2) using Multi-Objective Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to assign spent products and their items to various recovery alternatives considering their received physical conditions, (3) selection of operations for items is not limited by a fixed regular production-hour capacity for each operation, (4) model assumptions, constraints, and formulation that satisfy the three aspects of sustainability, which are economic, social responsibility, and environmental aspects in one step model , (5) considering other vital dimensions which are the quality of recovered products and the minimum batch size for vending recycled materials, (6) utilizing the recycling operation in the optimum way that increases revenue from vending isolated materials. The thesis addresses these points using mathematical modeling and optimization for the remanufacturing operations of spent products. The aim of this study is achieved through modeling the problem using a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming technique with two objective functions considering net profit maximization and total disposal weight minimization. Maximizing the net profit over specified planning periods satisfies the economic aspect of sustainability. Minimizing the total weight at all items assigned to disposal over specified planning periods satisfies the environmental aspect of sustainability. Initiating fair refunding system for spent products satisfies social responsibility aspect of sustainability. The optimum solutions of the model provides: optimal disassembly sequence of items, number of each item assigned to various recovery operations of the remanufacturing unit, specification of the required total regular production hours, total needed number of workers, and specification of the number of workers hired and fired. For verifying the proposed model and its LINGO code, the data of a simplified version of the trailer case study was used to display the model and tracking the displayed model to assure that the generated code exactly matches the model formulation, and to discover and correct any logical error. Then, the model was run several times to assure the accuracy of the model and to test the functionality of all the model mathematical equations. Its target was to assure that the integration of the model constraints exactly matched the logic of solving the problem, and the mathematical equation succeeded in expressing the model goals. A case study that involves a numerical real- life critical problem in Egypt is solved considering only the first objective function, which is targeting feasible solutions for the collected trailers that are prohibited to move on the Egyptian roads. The results show that the remanufacturing of semi-trailers from the collected trailers is the most profitable solution for the good-condition trailers, while applying the cannibalization operation on the bad conditions trailers is the most profitable solution for the case. The remanufacture unit would make a net profit of L.E 8,878,800 for applying this solution at the end of the three planning periods. In case the remanufacture unit decided to restrict its recovery activities to the good condition trailers, the net profit of scenario 2 is L.E 20,499,100 at the end of the three planning periods, which is associated with an increase of L.E 11,620,300 in profit compared to recovering different conditions trailers. A professional sensitivity analysis is implemented using the factorial design to accurately decide the significant input parameters that impact the net profit and total disposal weight at the end of the three planning periods for the trailers numerical problem. This factorial sensitivity analysis is designed to test 3 factors for 5 levels. Therefore, 53=125 runs are conducted of all possible combination of these factors (input parameters), and the determination of output responses corresponding to each combination. Hence, the significant input parameters that impact the decisions were concluded. The input parameters that were selected are: selling prices, refund costs, and direct labor processing costs. The output responses that were selected are the net profit and the total disposal weight. It was discovered that changing the selling prices of the output products from the recovery operations which are refurbishing, repairing, remanufacturing, and cannibalization, and the selling prices of the recycled materials has the most influential impact on the net profit , and has the only significant impact on the total disposal weight at the end of the three planning periods. The refund costs paid to the end users for compensating them of getting their products is the second significant factor on the net profit at the end of the three planning periods. Hence, it is crucial to specify these selling prices and refund costs wisely. Two approaches are used to solve the multiple objectives of the modified trailer case study, and to create a set of non-dominating solutions for the referred case which are: Minimax weighting method and constrained method. The most profitable and worst environmental non-dominated solution happened when the referred case was solved using the constrained method at bounding the disposal to 14870.3 kg, where the net profit value reaches its maximum of L.E 8,183,012, when the total weight of the items assigned to disposal reaches its peak of 14835.3 kg. This first best environmental non-dominating solution happened when the case was solved using the constrained method at bounding the disposal to 0 kg, where the net profit value reaches its minimum of L.E 7, 425,400. Solving the referred case using Minimax weighting methods is resulted in balancing solution of two competing objectives. The generated set of non-dominated solutions demonstrated the multi-objective nature of the proposed model.

Download or read book Sustainability in Remanufacturing Operations written by Paulina Golinska-Dawson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present customers’ consumption models result in an increasing number of used products that need to be collected and reused or disposed. Remanufacturing is a favourable scenario in order to recover the end-of-use products. It allows to capture substantial part of the resources which were used in the primary production at lower cost, providing economic, environmental and social benefits. The book presents the methods, models, case studies for improvement of sustainability in remanufacturing facilities. The focus is on small- and medium-sized enterprises and their challenges to meet resource-efficiency goal.

Download or read book Sustainability in Remanufacturing Operations written by Paulina Golinska-Dawson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present customers’ consumption models result in an increasing number of used products that need to be collected and reused or disposed. Remanufacturing is a favourable scenario in order to recover the end-of-use products. It allows to capture substantial part of the resources which were used in the primary production at lower cost, providing economic, environmental and social benefits. The book presents the methods, models, case studies for improvement of sustainability in remanufacturing facilities. The focus is on small- and medium-sized enterprises and their challenges to meet resource-efficiency goal.

Download or read book Remanufacturing Modeling and Analysis written by Mehmet Ali Ilgin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New, Now, Next. Consumers' ever growing appetite to acquire new products and their short courtship with them has kept manufacturers busy not only expending resources at an alarming rate, but also depleting these resources and giving rise to waste and pollution at a correspondingly increasing and disturbing rate. Traditional manufacturing methods th

Download or read book Optimization Modeling for the Operation of Closed loop Supply Chains written by Aman Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmentally conscious manufacturing and remanufacturing/recycling of end-of-life products are steadily growing in importance. The problem of managing the waste generated due to the disposal of many types of products has many aspects. The main driving forces for solving this growing problem are the rapid diminishment of raw material resources, decreasing space in landfills and increasing levels of pollution. The drivers associated with these forces are governmental regulations which require that the manufacturers take back the end-of-life products and customer perspectives on environmental issues. This research considers the problem of increasing levels of electronic and electrical equipments waste. The implementation of closed-loop supply chains can be beneficial both economically and ecologically for these problems. Relevant literature to understand various issues involved in the operation of reverse logistics systems and closed-loop supply chains is reviewed. Upon reviewing the issues involved in closed-loop supply chains, the problem is considered as an ill-structured problem. A problem structuring technique called Why-What's Stopping Analysis is used to analyze the problem from various perspectives. Also, since a closed-loop supply chain involves multiple objectives, two techniques for categorizing the objectives into fundamental and means objectives are presented: Fundamental Objective Hierarchy and Means Objective Network techniques, respectively. A Goal Program (GP) modeling approach is used to handle many of the objectives identified by the previously mentioned techniques. In this research a consolidated objective function is defined which includes all of the deviational variables considered in various goals defined in the model. The consolidated goal is to minimize the weighted sum of all deviational variables. A non preemptive goal programming approach has been used with goals being assigned different weights according to their priorities. The values of the deviational variables help the decision maker to see which of the different goals are satisfied with the existing values of parameters and which of the goals aren't. The goal program has been run with both uniform and variable demand values in all the periods. In the absence of real data, all the parameter values considered for this research have been assumed. The major contributions of the research are as follows: each member of the supply chain has its own individual objective and the related constraints which is a more realistic approach, the model considers multiple products, and the model considers operations at the product, subassembly, part, and material levels. All the above contributions make this research as the first approach of its kind which has never been attempted (based on literature reviewed) and the goal programming methodology used is also a well accepted approach among all the multi-objective programming approaches. Results show the effect of varying the priority/weight associated with a goal. Results also show that values of the deviational variables (positive or negative) help a decision maker to analyze the model. The goal programming approach is considered to be the most effective approach in terms of defining the mathematical model, analyzing the output, and modifying the model (if needed).

Download or read book Warranty and Preventive Maintenance for Remanufactured Products written by Ammar Y. Alqahtani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exponential increase in the development of technology coupled with the customers’ immense desire to possess the newest technological products makes for truncated product lifespans, which instigates a substantial upsurge in their rate of disposal. Attempts have been made to establish specialized product recovery facilities with the intention of diminishing the volume of accumulated waste delivered to landfills using product recovery procedure such as remanufacturing. The economic benefits produced by remanufacturing also portray the role of product recovery in a more attractive light. The quality of a remanufactured product is uncertain for some consumers. Therefore, these consumers possess insecurities in deciding whether or not the remanufactured products will render the same expected performance. This ambiguity regarding a remanufactured product could possibly result in the consumer deciding against its purchase. With such consumer apprehension, remanufacturers often seek market mechanisms that provide reassurance as to the stable durability that these products still maintain. One strategy that the remanufacturers often use is the utilization of the premise of offering product warranties with preventive maintenance on their products. This book is concerned with the practice and theory of warranty management and preventive maintenance, particularly in relation to remanufactured products’ warranties. Models developed in this book can be used for making the right decisions in offering renewable, nonrenewable, one and two dimensional warranty policies, and for managerial decision in considering maintenance contracts or outsourcing maintenance for remanufactured components and products. Features Discusses a variety of warranty policies and preventive maintenance of remanufactured products (first book to do so) Presents mathematical models and applications for warranty policies using examples and simulation results Considers cost and optimization problems from the remanufacturer's and buyer's points of views Provides a foundation for academicians interested in building models in the area of warranty and preventive maintenance analysis of remanufactured products Offers the essential methodology needed by practitioners involved with warranty and preventive maintenance analysis, along with extensive references for further research

Download or read book Materials Management Model for Remanufacturing written by Paulina Golinska and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present customer consumption models with short product lifecycles result in an increasing number of used products that need to be collected and reused or disposed. Both legal regulations and consumer concerns regarding these issues have led companies to include reverse material flows in their logistics operations. Materials management for remanufacturing purposes is more complex than in traditional manufacturing, primarily because of the inherent uncertainty in the timing, quality and quantity of returns. Moreover, when returns are not appropriate for reuse they have to be substituted with raw materials. Many companies face difficulties in the management of materials flows due to the fact that reverse flows have different characteristics than raw material flows. This book proposes a method/model for improving material flows management for remanufacturing activities.

Download or read book Sustainable Manufacturing and Remanufacturing Management written by Weidong Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the latest research and applications in the fields of sustainable manufacturing and remanufacturing, as well as process planning and optimization technologies. It introduces innovative algorithms, methodologies, industrial case studies and applications. It focuses on two topics: sustainable manufacturing for machining technologies and remanufacturing of waste electronic equipment, and various methods are covered for each one, including macro process planning, dynamic scheduling, selective disassembly planning and cloud-based disassembly planning. The experimental analysis provided for every method explains the benefits, as well as how they are sustainable for various real-world applications. Further, a theoretical analysis and algorithm design is presented for each, accompanied by the contributors’ relevant research, including: • step-by-step guides; • application scenarios; • relevant literature surveys; • implementation details and case studies; and • critical reviews on the relevant technologies. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in sustainable manufacturing, remanufacturing and product lifecycle management communities, as well as practicing engineers and decision-makers in industry and all those interested in sustainable product development. It is also useful reading material for postgraduates and academics wanting to conduct relevant research, and a reference resource for manufacturing engineers developing innovative tools and methodologies.

Download or read book Factories of the Future written by Tullio Tolio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book presents results relevant in the manufacturing research field, that are mainly aimed at closing the gap between the academic investigation and the industrial application, in collaboration with manufacturing companies. Several hardware and software prototypes represent the key outcome of the scientific contributions that can be grouped into five main areas, representing different perspectives of the factory domain:1) Evolutionary and reconfigurable factories to cope with dynamic production contexts characterized by evolving demand and technologies, products and processes.2) Factories for sustainable production, asking for energy efficiency, low environmental impact products and processes, new de-production logics, sustainable logistics.3) Factories for the People who need new kinds of interactions between production processes, machines, and human beings to offer a more comfortable and stimulating working environment.4) Factories for customized products that will be more and more tailored to the final user’s needs and sold at cost-effective prices.5) High performance factories to yield the due production while minimizing the inefficiencies caused by failures, management problems, maintenance.This books is primarily targeted to academic researchers and industrial practitioners in the manufacturing domain.

Download or read book Remanufacturing in the Circular Economy written by Nabil Nasr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth and rising levels of consumption in developing and developed countries has been observed as being deeply coupled with natural resource usage and material consumption. The increasing need for natural resources has raised concerns regarding issues such as resource scarcity, undesirable environmental impacts due to material extraction, primary production, and suboptimal product disposal, and social or political tensions. Product End-of-Life (EoL) options, such as reusing or recycling, attempt to limit or reduce the amount of waste sent to a landfill, providing strategic means to decouple the link between economic growth and resource usage. These EoL options have the potential to close material loops, further utilizing wastes as resources, reducing environmental impacts, conserving natural resources, reducing material prices, and providing job opportunities in developing countries. Remanufacturing, on the other hand, is a unique EoL option due to increasing the number of life cycles of a product before final disposal. First, recurring environmental benefits, such as emission and raw material extraction avoidance are obtained with each additional product life cycle. Second, individual resource efficiency yields increase through product remanufacture. Resource efficiency or, using more with less will continue to compound with each additional life cycle. Third, recirculating products decreases the demand and dependency for primary resource production, further closing the material loop and creating a more circular economy. In addition, remanufacturing can initiate more preferable EoL options such as recovery, recycling, and waste reduction. While remanufacturing offers numerous benefits, there is significant lack of literature and books covering the fundamentals of operations, technologies and business models. The proposed book will provide in-depth coverage of remanufacturing fundamentals and its strong link to circular economy and resource efficiency.

Download or read book Sustainable Operations Management written by Kampan Mukherjee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-30 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes concepts, methodologies, and practices for achieving sustainability in business operations. The underlying concept is explained from two perspectives—organizational level and policy level. In the former, all principles, techniques, and decision-making issues relevant to sustainability at unit level, management of product recovery processes, and sustainability at integrated level are captured. Content on policy-level perspective includes policies, norms, guidelines, and regulatory measures both at global and national levels. The primary goal of this book is the creation of an integrated and value-rich platform for the initiation and management of sustainable operations. Features: This book offers a comprehensive overview of environmental sustainability from the operations and supply chain perspective. This book proposes an understandable and innovative viewpoint in explaining sustainable operations management comprehensively as managing operations sustainably at organizational level. Readers will learn the concepts, techniques, and the core factors relating to managing operations, keeping in view various dimensions of sustainability and the macro-level guidelines, norms, regulatory measures, and the like in this context. This book adds to the knowledge on design, planning, and management of sustainable operations, including the specific management approaches. This book includes summary and review questions at the end of each chapter. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in industrial, production, and mechanical engineering, including operations management. It is also recommended as a textbook for courses such as sustainable development, sustainable operations management, and environmental management.

Download or read book Energy and Sustainability written by Anand Chauhan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Remanufacturing written by Marcello Fera and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Remanufacturing Initiation for Original Equipment Manufacturers written by Johan Vogt Duberg and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2024-04-29 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remanufacturing is an industrial process in which a core – a used, discarded, or broken product – is transformed into a product with a like-new specification and condition. However, to this date, remanufacturing activities on the market are few compared to manufacturing. There are several types of remanufacturers; the least common type is the original equipment remanufacturer, an original equipment manufacturer that not only manufactures new products but also remanufactures cores of its own products. Remanufacturing is potentially becoming a more widely used industrial process for original equipment manufacturers, and increased remanufacturing activities can positively contribute to the environment. The contribution comes from a reduction of raw material and energy consumption compared to manufacturing. Therefore, remanufacturing has the potential to decouple environmental impact from economic growth, thus contributing to more sustainable societies. However, assessing the benefits of remanufacturing does not directly correlate to growth within the remanufacturing industry. To encapsulate the environmental, social, and economic benefits of remanufacturing, manufacturers need to be aware of how remanufacturing can be initiated and implemented in practice. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to develop support measures for original equipment manufacturers to initiate profitable remanufacturing. This research takes a stand in case study and transdisciplinary research where the initiation of profitable remanufacturing is studied at two original equipment manufacturers. The research study developed knowledge of how remanufacturing could be incorporated into existing operations at original equipment manufacturers. In parallel, financial assessments based on cost-benefit analysis were built to measure how well the case companies could perform remanufacturing. For the case study research, seven remanufacturing scenarios were developed, ranging from centralised remanufacturing performed by the original equipment manufacturer to decentralised performed at multiple locations using a retail network. Which scenario is preferable depends on, for example, risk-consciousness, cooperation between actors, and volume targets. However, given ideal circumstances, remanufacturing in-house in a centralised scenario was shown to be the most beneficial for the investigated original equipment manufacturer since the fewer middle hands and economies of scale also potentially enable lower costs. For the transdisciplinary research, the remanufacturing initiation was business model-centric, meaning that the remanufacturing system was a consequence of a decision for a specific business model. Here, a scenario-based analysis was developed to understand under which circumstances the business model with remanufacturing was more lucrative for the provider – the original equipment manufacturer – and less costly for the users – the customers. For this, a systematic assessment approach was developed consisting of three steps: (1) provide a cost overview for each business model, (2) create scenarios by modifying the cost drivers, and (3) combine scenarios to reach synergetic effects. Based on the case study, two sets of four prerequisites for initiating remanufacturing were derived. These are divided into essential and supporting prerequisites and illustrated through a framework called the Remanufacturing Rocket. The essential prerequisites highlight fundamental requirements to perform remanufacturing. Should one of these four factors be missing, remanufacturing cannot be successfully initiated. The supporting prerequisites are valuable to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the process, such as through streamlined operations, organisational change, or information exchange. Hence, to reach the fullest potential of remanufacturing, both the essential and the supporting prerequisites are needed. Furthermore, the area of financial assessments was explored in a systematic literature review to identify insights for developing such assessments tailored for individual original equipment manufacturers in initiating remanufacturing. For this, six perspectives for framing financial assessments are proposed. These cover the system boundaries for the assessments as well as the individual needs and visions of original equipment manufacturers. Additionally, a framework was developed to select financial assessment models for remanufacturing initiations based on ease of use and capability to handle complex datasets. Conclusively, it is proposed to apply the prerequisites for initiating remanufacturing together with a financial assessment in an iterative manner to investigate the profitability for original equipment manufacturers to initiate remanufacturing. The essential prerequisites influence the first iteration of the financial assessment, which then contributes to refinements of how the essential prerequisites should be aligned in an economically preferable way. Once satisfactory, another iterative process could be initiated between the supporting prerequisites and the financial assessment. By using the proposed approach, the prospects of profitable remanufacturing could be thoroughly investigated before attempting to initiate a process in practice, thus reducing the number of resources spent in vain. Additionally, the iterative process was integrated into a 5-step Approach For Initiating Remanufacturing (5AFIR) to guide original equipment manufacturers towards initiating profitable remanufacturing. Refabrikation (oder Wiederaufbereitung, engl. Remanufacturing) ist ein industrieller Prozess, bei dem ein Altteil – ein gebrauchtes, ausrangiertes, verschlissenes oder defektes Produkt – gemäß den Herstellerspezifikationen in einen neuwertigen Zustand gebracht wird. Heutzutage macht Refabrikation allerdings nur einen kleinen Teil der Fertigungsindustrie aus. Verschiedene Arten von Unternehmen betreiben Refabrikation, wobei Originalgerätehersteller, sogenannte OEMs (engl. für Original Equipment Manufacturer), am seltensten sind. Solche OEMs betreiben neben Produktion auch eine Wiederaufbereitung ihrer eigenen Produkte. Refabrikation kann sowohl ökologische als auch ökonomische Vorteile bringen und hat somit grundsätzlich hohes Marktpotential. Der geringere Rohstoff- und Energieverbrauch von Refabrikation im Vergleich zu Neuproduktion ist ein Beispiel für ökologischen Vorteil. Refabrikation ermöglicht außerdem, negative Umweltauswirkungen durch Produktion und Wirtschaftswachstum voneinander unabhängig zu machen und trägt somit zu nachhaltigem Wachstum bei. Allerdings hängt der Nutzen von Refabrikation nicht direkt mit dem Wachstum innerhalb der Refabrikationsbranche zusammen. Um die ökologischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Vorteile nutzen zu können, müssen Hersteller Kompetenz zur praktischen Umsetzung von Refabrikation aufbauen. Ziel dieser Dissertation ist daher die Entwicklung von Unterstützungsmaßnahmen und -konzepten für OEMs, die zu profitabler Refabrikation führen. Diese Arbeit basiert auf einer Fallstudie und auf transdisziplinärer Forschung, bei der die Einführung von profitabler Refabrikation bei zwei OEMs untersucht wurde. Die Fallstudie lieferte Erkenntnisse darüber, wie Refabrikation in bestehende Abläufe bei OEMs integriert werden kann. Außerdem wurden finanzielle Bewertungskriterien auf der Grundlage einer Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse erstellt, um messen zu können, wie erfolgreich die untersuchten Unternehmen Refabrikation implementieren könnten. Für die Fallstudie wurden sieben Refabrikationsszenarien entwickelt, die von zentraler Refabrikation durch das OEM bis zu dezentraler Refabrikation an mehreren Standorten durch ein Netzwerk von Niederlassungen reichen. Welches der Szenarien vorzuziehen ist, hängt beispielsweise vom Risikobewusstsein, der Zusammenarbeit der Akteure und den angestrebten Stückzahlen ab. Unter idealen Umständen erwies sich die unternehmensinterne Refabrikation mit zentralisierter Struktur als das vorteilhafteste Szenario. Für die untersuchten OEMs führten weniger Zwischenhändler und Größenvorteile zu geringeren Kosten. In der transdisziplinären Forschung dieser Dissertation wurde davon ausgegangen, dass das Refabrikationssystem aus der Entscheidung für ein bestimmtes Geschäftsmodell folgt. Basierend auf verschiedenen Szenarien wurde analysiert, unter welchen Umständen das Geschäftsmodell inklusive Refabrikation für den Anbieter (OEM) lukrativer und für die Anwender (Kunden) kostengünstiger war. Hierzu wurde ein systematisches Bewertungsschema entwickelt, das aus drei Schritten besteht: (1) Bereitstellung einer Kostenübersicht für jedes Geschäftsmodell, (2) Erstellung von Szenarien durch Modifikation der Kostentreiber und (3) Kombination von Szenarien, um Synergieeffekte zu erzielen. Anforderungen für die Einführung von Refabrikation wurden auf Basis der Fallstudie abgeleitet. Diese sind in vier essentielle und vier unterstützende Anforderungen eingeteilt und werden durch ein Modell namens Refabrikationsrakete veranschaulicht. Die essentiellen Anforderungen sind grundlegend für die Durchführung von Refabrikation. Ist eine dieser vier Anforderungen nicht erfüllt, kann Refabrikation nicht erfolgreich umgesetzt werden. Die unterstützenden Anforderungen steigern die Effektivität und Effizienz des Einführungsprozesses, beispielsweise durch optimierte Abläufe, organisatorische Änderungen oder Informationsaustausch. Um das volle Potenzial von Refabrikation auszuschöpfen, müssen sowohl die essentiellen als auch die unterstützenden Anforderungen erfüllt werden. Wirtschaftliche Bewertungskriterien wurden im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche betrachtet. Ziel der Recherche war es, Erkenntnisse für die Entwicklung solcher Bewertungskriterien zu erlangen. Die Kriterien sollen dabei auf einzelne OEMs und die Einführung von Refabrikation zugeschnitten sein. In dieser Arbeit werden sechs Ansätze für die Entwicklung wirtschaftlicher Bewertungskriterien vorgeschlagen. Diese Ansätze behandeln sowohl Systemgrenzen für die Bewertungskriterien als auch individuelle Bedürfnisse und Ziele der OEM. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Rahmenwerk entwickelt, um wirtschaftliche Bewertungskriterien auf Basis ihrer Benutzerfreundlichkeit und ihrer Fähigkeit zur Bewältigung komplexer Datenmengen auszuwählen. Abschließend wird vorgeschlagen, die Anforderungen für die Einführung von Refabrikation zusammen mit einer wirtschaftlichen Bewertung iterativ zu prüfen, um die Rentabilität von Refabrikation für OEMs zu analysieren. Die essentiellen Anforderungen beeinflussen die erste Iterationsschleife der wirtschaftlichen Bewertung. In dieser ersten Schleife wird verfeinert, wie die Grundanforderungen wirtschaftlich sinnvoll kombiniert werden können. Es folgt eine zweite Iterationsschleife zwischen den unterstützenden Anforderungen und der finanziellen Bewertung. Mit diesem Vorgehen kann das Potential einer rentablen Refabrikation gründlich untersucht werden bevor mit der Realisierung begonnen wird. Dadurch können eventuell erfolglose Einführungsversuche vermieden und vergeblich aufgewendete Ressourcen reduziert werden. Der iterative Prozess wurde in einen 5-stufigen Modell zur Einführung von Refabrikation (5AFIR) zusammengefasst. Återtillverkning är en industriell process där en stomme – en använd, uttjänt eller trasig produkt – omformas till en produkt vars specifikation och kvalitet motsvarar nyskick. Idag utgör återtillverkning endast en liten del av den totala tillverkningsindustrin. Det finns flera typer av återtillverkare; den ovanligaste är originaltillverkande återtillverkare, det vill säga, ett tillverkande företag som även återtillverkar sina egna produkter. Genom den låga grad av återtillverkning bland originaltillverkare idag finns det utrymme för att verka för en ökning. En sådan ökning kan bidra till miljömässiga fördelar genom att mängden råmaterial och energi reduceras jämfört med nytillverkning. Det finns därför en möjlighet för återtillverkning att bidra till en frikoppling av miljömässig påverkan från ekonomisk tillväxt, vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett mer hållbart samhälle. Fast att endast värdera nyttan av återtillverkning leder inte direkt till en tillväxt inom återtillverkningsindustrin. För att omfamna de miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska nyttor som återtillverkning kan bidra med måste originaltillverkare vara medvetna om hur återtillverkning kan initieras och implementeras i praktiken på ett ekonomiskt lönsamt sätt. Denna doktorsavhandlings syfte är därför att utveckla stöd för originaltillverkare att initiera lönsam återtillverkning. Forskningen utgår från en fallstudie och transdisciplinär forskningsmetodik där initieringen av lönsam återtillverkning studeras vid två originaltillverkare. Den utförda forskningen utvecklade kunskap om hur återtillverkning kan integrerats i en originaltillverkares befintliga verksamhet. Parallellt med detta utvecklades ekonomiska utvärderingsmetoder för att tillhandahålla ett mått på hur väl fallföretagen skulle kunna utföra återtillverkning. För fallstudien utvecklades det sju återtillverkningsscenarion som sträcker sig från centraliserad återtillverkning, som utförs av originaltillverkaren, till decentraliserad, som utförs vid flertalet platser inom ett återförsäljarnätverk. Vilket scenario som var mest fördelaktigt berodde exempelvis på riskmedvetenhet, samarbete mellan aktörer, och tillverkningsvolym. Men givet ideala förhållanden visades det att centraliserad återtillverkning vore potentiellt mest fördelaktigt för fallföretaget, eftersom färre mellanhänder och stordriftsfördelar möjliggör lägre kostnader. För det andra fallföretagets initieringen av återtillverkning vid tillämpning av den transdisciplinära forskningsmetodiken var det ett affärsmodellsfokus, vilket innebar att återtillverkningssystemet var en konsekvens av ett beslut för en viss affärsmodell. I denna del av forskningen utvecklades en scenariobaserad analysmetod för att förstå under vilka förhållanden som affärsmodellen tillsammans med återtillverkning vore mer lukrativt för företaget – originaltillverkaren – och mindre kostsamt för användaren – kunden. För detta utvecklades en systematisk ansats för ekonomiska utvärderingar bestående av tre steg: (1) tillhandahåll en kostnadsöverblick för varje affärsmodell, (2) skapa scenarion genom att modifiera kostnadsdrivarna, och (3) kombinera scenarion för att uppnå synergieffekter. Med utgångspunkt i fallstudien utvecklades även faktorer för att forma krav för hur originaltillverkare kan initiera återtillverkning. Dessa faktorer delas upp i grundläggande och stödjande kravställningar, och de bygger tillsammans upp ett ramverk benämnt Återtillverkningsraketen. De grundläggande kravställningarna lyfter fram elementära krav vid utförandet av återtillverkning och om en av de fyra skulle saknas kan återtillverkning inte utföras på ett framgångsrikt sätt. De stödjande kravställningarna är av värde för att förbättra återtillverkningseffektiviteten genom exempelvis bekymmersfritt utförande av processer, organisationsförändringar, eller informationsutbyten. Därigenom, för att nå den fulla potentialen av återtillverkning, behövs både de grundläggande och de stödjande kravställningarna. Dessutom utforskades området för ekonomiska utvärderingsmetoder i en systematisk litteraturgenomgång för att identifiera insikter för att utveckla sådana metoder skräddarsydda för individuella originaltillverkare som initierar återtillverkning. För ändamålet föreslås sex perspektiv för att forma ekonomiska utvärderingsmetoder. Dessa täcker såväl systemgränserna för utvärderingarna som individuella behov och visioner hos originaltillverkare. För att vidare stödja företagen utvecklades ett ramverk för att välja ekonomiska utvärderingsmetoder för initieringar av återtillverkning baserat på användarvänlighet och förmåga att hantera komplexa datamängder. Slutligen föreslås det att tillämpa de framtagna kravställningarna tillsammans med ekonomisk utvärdering genom att iterativt undersöka möjligheterna för hur återtillverkning kan initieras för originaltillverkare. De grundläggande kravställningarna influerar upplägget för den första iterationen av den ekonomiska utvärderingen, vilken i sin tur nyttjas för att förfina hur de grundläggande kravställningarna kan läggas samman på ett ekonomiskt fördelaktigt sätt. När en godtagbar nivå uppnåtts kan ytterligare en iterativ process utföras mellan de stödjande kravställningarna och den ekonomiska värderingen. Genom att tillämpa det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet kan möjligheterna för återtillverkning undersökas på en detaljerad nivå innan initieringsförsök i praktiken, och såldes kan mängden slösade resurser minskas. Utöver detta integrerades det iterativa tillvägagångssättet med en 5-stegsansats för initiering av återtillverkning (5AFIR).

Download or read book Sustainable Machining written by J. Paulo Davim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-19 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on current sustainable machining. Its chapters cover the concept in economic, social and environmental dimensions. It provides the reader with proper ways to handle several pollutants produced during the machining process. The book is useful on both undergraduate and postgraduate levels and it is of interest to all those working with manufacturing and machining technology.

Download or read book Warranty and Preventive Maintenance for Remanufactured Products written by Ammar Y. Alqahtani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exponential increase in the development of technology coupled with the customers’ immense desire to possess the newest technological products makes for truncated product lifespans, which instigates a substantial upsurge in their rate of disposal. Attempts have been made to establish specialized product recovery facilities with the intention of diminishing the volume of accumulated waste delivered to landfills using product recovery procedure such as remanufacturing. The economic benefits produced by remanufacturing also portray the role of product recovery in a more attractive light. The quality of a remanufactured product is uncertain for some consumers. Therefore, these consumers possess insecurities in deciding whether or not the remanufactured products will render the same expected performance. This ambiguity regarding a remanufactured product could possibly result in the consumer deciding against its purchase. With such consumer apprehension, remanufacturers often seek market mechanisms that provide reassurance as to the stable durability that these products still maintain. One strategy that the remanufacturers often use is the utilization of the premise of offering product warranties with preventive maintenance on their products. This book is concerned with the practice and theory of warranty management and preventive maintenance, particularly in relation to remanufactured products’ warranties. Models developed in this book can be used for making the right decisions in offering renewable, nonrenewable, one and two dimensional warranty policies, and for managerial decision in considering maintenance contracts or outsourcing maintenance for remanufactured components and products. Features Discusses a variety of warranty policies and preventive maintenance of remanufactured products (first book to do so) Presents mathematical models and applications for warranty policies using examples and simulation results Considers cost and optimization problems from the remanufacturer's and buyer's points of views Provides a foundation for academicians interested in building models in the area of warranty and preventive maintenance analysis of remanufactured products Offers the essential methodology needed by practitioners involved with warranty and preventive maintenance analysis, along with extensive references for further research

Download or read book Cyclic Production Scheduling with Remanufacturing written by Armin Aminipour and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The cyclic production scheduling problem is concerned with the development of a least-cost cyclic production schedule for a set of tasks required to produce a set of products over a given production cycle and according to a given delivery schedule. Recently, remanufacturing of used products has become an important area of research due to its environmental and economic benefits. Consequently, many organizations integrated manufacturing and remanufacturing operations to optimize their forward and reverse supply chain processes. There are some studies that have been conducted on cyclic production scheduling, remanufacturing, as well as cyclic production scheduling with remanufacturing systems, which have led to the development of different optimization approaches. But to the best of our knowledge, none of them considered cyclic deliveries in order to build cyclic production schedules integrating both manufacturing and remanufacturing. Therefore, the focus of this research is to develop a mixed integer linear programing model for an integrated cyclic production scheduling with remanufacturing system to satisfy a given cyclic delivery schedule while minimizing the total holding and setup costs under the assumption of a delivery cycle of one week discretized into smaller periods. A sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying the model parameters to study the limits of the developed model and illustrate the effect of these variations on the total holding and setup costs as well as the computational time. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that thirty minutes would be the best period length for the developed model. These results also validate the capability of the developed model in solving the problem at hand and finding the optimal, near optimal, and good feasible solutions for a period length equal to thirty minutes. Further, increasing the number of decision variables or increasing the amount of scheduled deliveries and returns will result in the computational time to increase exponentially. Also, varying the holding cost or increasing the return rate will result in an increase in the computational time. Finally, increasing the holding cost or increasing the return rate will result in an increase in the total holding and setup costs."--Abstract.