Download or read book Model Programme for the Production of Vaccines in Developing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Model Programme for the Production of Vaccines in Developing Countries written by UNIDO and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Model Programme for the Production of Vaccines in Developing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-05-17 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccination is a fundamental component of preventive medicine and public health. The use of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases has resulted in dramatic decreases in disease, disability, and death in the United States and around the world. The current political, economic, and social environment presents both opportunities for and challenges to strengthening the U.S. system for developing, manufacturing, regulating, distributing, funding, and administering safe and effective vaccines for all people. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan examines the extraordinarily complex vaccine enterprise, from research and development of new vaccines to financing and reimbursement of immunization services. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan examines the extraordinarily complex vaccine enterprise, from research and development of new vaccines to financing and reimbursement of immunization services. The book makes recommendations about priority actions in the update to the National Vaccine Plan that are intended to achieve the objectives of disease prevention and enhancement of vaccine safety. It is centered on the plan's five goals in the areas of vaccine development, safety, communication, supply and use, and global health.

Download or read book Model Program for the Production of Vaccines in Developing Countries written by United Nations Industrial Development Organization and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vaccines for the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-21 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancers that may be promising targets for vaccine research and development. This volume provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development over the coming decades. The committee describes an approach for comparing potential new vaccines based on their impact on morbidity and mortality and on the costs of both health care and vaccine development. The book examines: Lessons to be learned from the polio experience. Scientific advances that set the stage for new vaccines. Factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population. Value judgments and ethical questions raised by comparison of health needs and benefits. The committee provides a way to compare different forms of illness and set vaccine priorities without assigning a monetary value to lives. Their recommendations will be important to anyone involved in science policy and public health planning: policymakers, regulators, health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and researchers.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Download or read book Model Programme for the Production of Vaccines in Developing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Making Markets for Vaccines written by Owen Barder and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A legacy of our generation -- Ch. 1. We need to invest more in vaccines -- Ch. 2. Promoting private investment in vaccine development -- Ch. 3. A market not a prize -- Ch. 4. Design choices -- Ch. 5. $3 billion per disease -- Ch. 6. Meeting industry requirements -- Ch. 7. How sponsors can do it.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-02 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.

Download or read book New Trends for Vaccine Production and UNIDO Programme on Industrial Production of Biologicals written by United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Pharmaceutical Industries Unit and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Viability of Local Vaccine Production in Developing Countries written by Syarifah Liza Munira and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over half of the vaccines used in developing countries' immunisation programs are supplied by developing country manufacturers. The viability of vaccine production in developing countries play a significant role in securing the global capacity of vaccine supplies. These producers however, face challenges in balancing between meeting the needs of the large population sizes and high disease burden typically found in developing country markets with uncertainties in demand forecasting and low profitability. Economic studies on the viability of vaccine production in developing countries are limited. An identification and better understanding of the critical elements influencing local vaccine production is crucial and timely, given the present need to secure and enhance the capacity of global vaccine supplies in the face of emerging and re-emerging diseases. This thesis focuses on the viability of local vaccine production in developing countries by conducting three assessments on cost structures, revenue sizes and percent market shares, and vaccine prices. The objective of the first assessment, cost structure, is to address the supply-side barriers of local vaccine production. In the second assessment, the research utilises revenue sizes and percent market shares as a proxy of viability and quantifies the influence of vaccine viability factors on developing country vaccine production. The third assessment on vaccine prices addresses the demand side barriers to vaccines produced by developing countries and observes the influence of procurement factors on prices of vaccines produced by developing countries. For the first assessment, on cost structures, primary data were collected from existing vaccine producers in developing countries and analysed using a cost-analysis method. Three hypothetical scenarios using different production scale and scope were applied to estimate the costs-per-dose of vaccines. The findings showed that the scale and scope of production are essential in achieving and sustaining viability. The findings also showed that the main factors influencing viability were strong domestic sales and consistent supply, this also holds for companies planning to expand into export markets. Further, a step-cost characteristic for fixed costs, and failure rates ranging between 2% to 45%, were identified. In the second assessment, factors were assessed for their influence on revenue sizes and percent market shares of vaccine products supplied by developing country manufacturers for immunisation programs. A multilevel regression model was built using a hierarchical dataset for years 2012 - 2014, for the overall global market as well as the domestic and export markets specifically. The findings showed that revenue sizes were influenced by national income levels, consistent production supplies and the ability to meet the needs of immunisation programs in procuring countries. While factors identified as influencing percent market share were: having consistent production, the ability to meet the needs of immunisation programs in procuring countries as well as having vaccines with prequalification status. The third assessment, on vaccine prices, was based on a mixed effects regression on a panel dataset of vaccine prices for years 2005 to 2015. The analysis found that procurement volume, method and size of vaccine formulation were influential in determining vaccine prices, for both traditional and modern technology types. The overall findings suggest that the cost of producing vaccines in developing countries are an average of $2.05 per dose ranging between US$0.92 and $4.40. These estimates are within the cost range suggested for multinational companies (Mercer Management Consulting (2002): $0.05 to $3-4 per dose). Whilst the vaccine markets that developing country producers face are not premium markets like those found in high-income countries, this is likely compensated by the vast size of these markets and the lack of domestic competition. Their production viability however becomes challenged once they expand their production into export markets and when they produce newer technology vaccines. It is in these situations where knowledge of critical factors becomes important. This thesis not only adds to what is known about the viability of vaccine production in developing countries, but also provides robust evidence for developing countries and global health advocates to understand better the factors driving viability in regards to costs, revenue sizes and percent market shares as well as prices. This may allow policymakers to navigate and develop policies that can further support local vaccine producers and other developing countries that are considering investing into local vaccine production.

Download or read book History of Vaccine Development written by Stanley A. Plotkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccinology, the concept of a science ranging from the study of immunology to the development and distribution of vaccines, was a word invented by Jonas Salk. This book covers the history of the methodological progress in vaccine development and to the social and ethical issues raised by vaccination. Chapters include "Jenner and the Vaccination against Smallpox," "Viral Vaccines," and "Ethical and Social Aspects of vaccines." Contributing authors include pioneers in the field, such as Samuel L. Katz and Hilary Koprowski. This history of vaccines is relatively short and many of its protagonists are still alive. This book was written by some of the chief actors in the drama whose subject matter is the conquest of epidemic disease.

Download or read book Immunization in Developing Countries written by Varun Gauri and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors use cross-national social, political, economic, and institutional data to explain why some countries have stronger immunization programs than others, as measured by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles vaccine coverage rates and the adoption of the hepatitis B vaccine. After reveiwing the existing literature on demand- and supply-side side factors that affect immunization programs, the authors find that the elements that most affect immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries involve broad changes in the global policy environment and contact with international agencies. Democracies tend to have lower coverage rates than autocracies, perhaps because bureaucratic elites have an affinity for immunization programs and are granted more autonomy in autocracies, althought this effect is not visible in low-income countries. The authors also find that the quality of a nation's institutions and its level of development are strongly related to immunization rate coverage and vaccine adoption, and that coverage rates are in general more a function of supply-side than demand effects. there is no evidence that epidemics or polio eradication campaigns affect immunization rates one way or another, or that average immunization rates increase following outbreaks of diphtheria, pertussis, or measles.

Download or read book Prospects for Production of Vaccines and Other Immunizing Agents in Developing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Immunization in Practice written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide contains seven modules targeted at district and health facility staff. It intends to meet the demands to improve immunization services so as to reach more infants in a sustainable way, building upon the experiences of polio eradication. It includes materials adapted from polio on planning, monitoring and use of data to improve the service, that can be used at any level. Revising the manual has been a team exercise. There are contributions from a large number of experts, organizations and institutions. This new edition has seven modules. Several new vaccines that have become more readily available and used in recent years have been added. Also the section on integration with other health interventions has been expanded as exciting opportunities and experiences have become evident in the years following the previous edition. Module 1: Target diseases and vaccines Module 2: The vaccine cold chain Module 3: Ensuring safe injections Module 4: Microplanning for reaching every community Module 5: Managing an immunization session Module 6: Monitoring and surveillance Module 7: Partnering with communities.

Download or read book Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines in Developing Countries written by Noel Mowat and published by Daya Books. This book was released on 1998 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the case of livestock, control of the major epizootic diseases will be a prime requirement for increased production in the developing world. Veterinary vaccines are a major factor in programmes to bring the economically important diseases under control. They must be effective, consistent in performance and economically affordable. The book will help to protect farmers in the developing countries from the effects of poor-quality veterinary vaccines and will contribute to the welfare of livestock as well as the global control of animal diseases. Contents Part I: Overview on Veterinary Vaccines for Developing Countries Chapter 1: Regional Harmonization of Vaccine Quality Standards and Stimulation of Vaccine Technologies in Developing Countries by M M Rweyemamu, D Sylla nad V Palya, Chapter 2: Profiles of Veterinary Vaccine Production and Quality Control in Developing and Less Advanced Countries: Vaccines for Livestock by P C Lefevre, Chapter 3: Profiles of Veterinary Vaccines Production and Quality Control in Developing and Less Advanced Countries: Vaccines for Poultry by A L Ibrahim and L H Seng, Chapter 4: Veterinary Vaccine Production and Quality Control in Developing and Less Advanced Countries by F G Davies, Discussion. Part II: Veterinary Vaccine Production and Qulaity Control Facilities in Different Regions of the World Country Reports: Africa: Chapter 1: Eradication Policy for Foot-and-Mouth Diseases in Botswana by M Mannathoko, Chapter 2: Production and Quality Control of Vaccine at the National Veterinary Laboratory, Garoua (Cameroon) by N Zoyem, Chapter 3: Vaccine Production and Quality Control in Ethiopia by G Y Mebratu, Chapter 4: The Kenya Veterinary Vaccine Production Unit (KEVEVAPI) by R Korir, Chapter 5: Vaccine Production in West Africa: Sengal and Mali by D Sylla nad M Rweyemamu, Chapter 6: Quality Control of Modified Living Viral Vaccines in Libya Somalia and Czechoslovakia by V Rozkosny, Chapter 7: Vaccine Production and Control in Syria by G Khoury. Asia and the Pacific Region; Chapter 8: Production and Quality Control Systems for Veterinary Bioproducts in China by T Guiyun, Chapter 9: Vaccine Production and Quality Control in India by P N Bhat, Chapter 10: The Activities of the Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratories, Gujungsindur, Bogor, Indonesia by S B Siregar, Chapter 11: Vaccine Production and Quality Control in Malaysia by A L Ibrahim and L H Seng. Latin America; Chapter 12: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Production and Control of Vaccines in South America by R A Casas Olascoaga. Europe; Chapter 13: Vaccine Control in Italy by M Tollis, Chapter 14: Vaccine Production and Control in France by R M Lombard, Chapter 15: Vaccine Production and Quality Control in Poland by Z Pejsak and J Gorski, Chapter 16: Vaccine Production and Control in Hungary by V Palya, Discussion. Part III: Some Technical Aspects of Vaccine Production and Quality Control: Chapter 1: Live Viral Vaccines by L E Carmichael, Inactivated Viral Vaccines by L E Carmichael, Chapter 3: Viral Vaccines Produced in Embryonating Eggs by L E Carmichael, Discussion, Chapter 4: Contagious Bovince Pleuropneumonia Vaccine Production and Quality Control by P C Lefevre, Chapter 5: The Quality Control of Vaccines Against Brucellosis by J De Ryke, Chapter 6: Industrial Production and Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines by L K Nagy, Discussion, Chapter 7: Protozoal and Rickettsial with Special Reference to Quality Control by F L Musisi, J A Lawrence, J C Quiroga, S P Kamwendo and J Malika, Discussion. Part IV: Specific Issues to Veterinary Vaccines Chapter 1: Modern Trends Related to Veterinary Vaccines by T R Doel, Chapter 2: Genetically Engineered Vaccines by T Yilma, Chapter 3: Attenuation of Virulence and Enhancement of Immunogenicity by T Yilma, Discussion. Part V: Major Vaccination Campaigns in Developing Countries Chapter 1: The Role of PANVAC in the Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines for Major Vaccination Programmes in Africa by D Sylla, M Rweyemamu, V Palya, and J Prandota, Chapter 2: Global Strategies for Rinderpest Eradication by K J Wojciechowski, Discussion, Chapter 3: Office International des Epizooties: Activities Related to Veterinary Vaccines Quality Control by Y Ozawa, Chapter 4: Continental Strategy in the Fight Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Latin America by R Casas Olascoaga, Chapter 5: Newcastle Disease Control in Rural Poultry: Overview on Quality Control of Food Based Newcastle Disease Vaccine by A L Ibrahim, Chapter 6: Rinderpest Vaccine Quality Control by the Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (PANVAC) by M Rweyemanu, D Sylla, V Palya, J Prandota and K J Wojciechowski, Chapter 7: Seromonitoring of Post Vaccinal Immunity by J M Jeggo. Part VI: Vaccine Banks and Emergency Stocks of Vaccine Against Exotic Diseases Chapter 1: The Plum Island (USA) Model by C A Mebus, Chapter 2: International Vaccine Banks by T R Doel, Discussion. Part VII: Special Presentations Chapter 1: Anti Rabies Vaccines: Feasibility of Joint Control of Medical and Veterinary Vaccines by O Thraenhart, Chapter 2: The Role of Molecular Biology in Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines and Biologicals by C A Mebus, Chapter 3: Development and Transfer of Vaccine Technology to the Third World: Long Term Challenges and Strategies BIOFORCE 95 by A Atger. Part VIII: Constraints to Vaccine Production Chapter 1: Constraints in Vaccine Production and Quality Control in Developing Countries by F G Davies, Chapter 2: Technical Financail and Socio Economic Constraints on Vaccine Production in Africa by L E Carmichael and D Sylla. Part IX: Licensing and Quality Control Chapter 1: Licensing and Quality Control of DNA Technology Products by C A Mebus, Chapter 2: Licensing of Veterinary Vaccines and Biologicals by J M Rutter, Discussion.