Download or read book Mood and Modality Conditional Clauses written by Liane Weigel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-04-20 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2-, University of Potsdam, language: English, abstract: When Frank Jackson in the introductory passage of “Conditionals” questions the theory of conditionals the answer is given with “ there is no theory of conditionals which has won general acceptance. Instead there are a number of competing theories” (Jackson, 1991: 3). The following pages of the book present such competing theories, all searching for the logic in conditional clauses. However the understanding of conditional clauses in languages, e.g. in the English language, can be very difficult regarding to the different types and their functions. One the one hand functional Grammar declares the facts of grammar, which are connected with conditional clauses but the main focus is on its usage and the function. Therefore this dissertation investigates mood and modality, which can be expressed by conditional clauses but is also connected with modal verbs, first in a declarative and secondly in an analysing way in order to find out, what the importance especially of conditional clauses and modal verbs for the language is. In the first part after this introduction, modal verbs as the core notions of modality are presented regarding their meaning and importance to express mood and modality, judgements and attitudes. The next part presents an attempt of understanding the complex theory of conditional clauses as a basis for analysing an academic text. An analysis of how modality, judgements and attitudes are expressed in an academic text follows in the next part focusing on the use of conditional clauses. Although the theory and use of conditional clauses with reference to mood and modality are not exhausted with this dissertation, the last part tries to summarize how mood and modality, judgements and attitudes of speakers can be expressed with the help of conditionals.

Download or read book Modals and Non factual Conditionals microform written by Pany, Maria A. (Maria Anita) and published by Université d'Ottawa = University of Ottawa, [198-?]. This book was released on 1975 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modals and Non factual Conditionals written by Maria Anita Pany and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modality and the English Modals written by F.R. Palmer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed account of the many uses and functions of these verbs. The nature of modality, and some controversial issues, are also discussed.

Download or read book Modals and Conditionals written by Angelika Kratzer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains updated and substantially revised versions of Angelika Kratzer's classic papers on modals and conditionals. It represents some of the most important work on modals and conditionals and the semantics-syntax interface and will be of interest to linguists and philosophers of language of all theoretical persuasions.

Download or read book Modals and Conditionals written by Angelika Kratzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains updated and substantially revised versions of Angelika Kratzer's classic papers on modals and conditionals, including 'What "must" and "can" must and can mean', 'Partition and Revision', 'The Notional Category of Modality', 'Conditionals', 'An Investigation of the Lumps of Thought', and 'Facts: Particulars or Information Units?'. The book's contents add up to some of the most important work on modals and conditionals in particular and on the semantics-syntax interface more generally. It will be of central interest to linguists and philosophers of language of all theoretical persuasions.

Download or read book The Temporal Properties of English Conditionals and Modals written by Richard Crouch and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A logic is presented for indicative conditionals, based around an extension of intuitionistic logic to allow for both verified and unverified assertions. This logic naturally gives rise to three forms of epistemic modality, corresponding to must, may and will."

Download or read book Cognitive Approaches to Tense Aspect and Epistemic Modality written by Adeline Patard and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses problems of semantics regarding the analysis of tense and aspect (TA) markers in a variety of languages, including Arabic, Croatian, English, French, German, Russian, Thai, and Turkish. Its main interest goes out to epistemic uses of such markers, whereby epistemic modality is understood as indicating “a degree of compatibility between the modal world and the factual world” (Declerck). All contributions, moreover, tackle these problems from a more or less cognitive point of view, with some of them insisting on the need to provide a unifying explanation for all usage types, temporal and non-temporal, and all of them accepting the premise that the semantics of TA categories essentially refers to subjective, rather than objective, concerns. The volume also represents one of the first attempts to gather accounts of TA marking (in various languages) that are explicitly set within the framework of Cognitive Grammar. Ultimately, this volume aims to contribute to establishing an awareness that modal meaning elements are directly relevant to the analysis of the grammar of time.

Download or read book Conditionals written by Renaat Declerck and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an extremely detailed and comprehensive examination of conditional sentences in English, using many examples from actual language-use. The syntax and semantics of conditionals (including tense and mood options) and the functions of conditionals in discourse are examined in depth, producing an all-round linguistic view of the subject which contains a wealth of original observations and analyses. Not only linguists specializing in grammar but also those interested in pragmatics and the philosophy of language will find this book a rewarding and illuminating source.

Download or read book Modals and Conditionals written by Angelika Kratzer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modality and Subordinators written by Jackie Nordström and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-27 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book connects two linguistic phenomena, modality and subordinators, so that both are seen in a new light, each adding to the understanding of the other. It argues that general subordinators (or complementizers) denote propositional modality (otherwise expressed by moods such as the indicative-subjunctive and epistemic-evidential modal markers). The book explores the hypothesis both on a cross-linguistic and on a language-branch specific level (the Germanic languages). One obvious connection between the indicative-subjunctive distinction and subordinators is that the former is typically manifested in subordinate clauses. Furthermore, both the indicative-subjunctive and subordinators determine clause types. More importantly, however, it is shown, through data from various languages, that subordinators themselves often denote the indicative-subjunctive distinction. In the Germanic languages, there is variation in many clause types between both the indicative and the subjunctive and that and if depending on the speaker’s and/or the subject’s certainty of the truth of the proposition.

Download or read book Conditionals written by Stefan Kaufmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-29 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book examines conditionals from a number of interdisciplinary perspectives, drawing on research from fields as diverse as linguistics, psychology, philosophy and logic. Across 13 chapters, the authors not only investigate and examine various commonly-held perceptions about conditionals, but they also challenge many of the assumptions underpinning current conditionals scholarship, setting an agenda for future research. Based in part on the papers presented at a unique international summer school - Conditionals in Paris - this volume represents the cutting edge in the study of conditionals, and it will be of interest to scholars in fields including linguistics and psychology, semiotics, philosophy and logic, and artificial intelligence.

Download or read book Modality in Argumentation written by Andrea Rocci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses two related questions that have first arisen in Toulmin’s seminal book on the uses of argument. The first question is the one of the relationship between the semantic analysis of modality and the structure of arguments. The second question is the one of the distinctive place, or role, of modality in the fundamental structure of arguments. These two questions concern how modality, as a semantic category, relates to the fundamental structure of arguments. The book addresses modality and argumentation also according to another perspective by looking at how different linguistic modal expressions may be taken as argumentative indicators. It explores the role of modal expressions as argumentative indicators by using the Italian modal system as a case study. At the same time, it uses predictions/forecasts in the business-financial daily press to investigate the relation between modality and the context of argumentation.

Download or read book New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence written by Setsuya Kurahashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the JSAI-isAI 2016 Workshops, LENLS 13, HAT-MASH, AI-Biz, JURISIN and SKL, held in Kanagawa, Japan, in November 1016. The 22 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. LENLS 13 was the 13th event in the series, and it focused on the formal and theoretical aspects of natural language. LENLS (Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics) is an annual international workshop recognized internationally in the formal syntax-semantics-pragmatics community. It has been bringing together for discussion and interdisciplinary communication researchers working on formal theories of natural language syntax, semantics and pragmatics, (formal) philosophy, artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. HAT-MASH 2016 (Healthy Aging Tech mashup service, data and people) was the second international workshop bridges healthy aging and elderly care technology, information technology and service engineering. The main objective of this workshop was to provide a forum to discuss important research questions and practical challenges in healthy aging and elderly care support to promote transdisciplinary approaches. AI-Biz 2016 (Artificial Intelligence of and for Business) was the first workshop held to foster the concepts and techniques of Business Intelligence (BI) in Artificial Intelligence. BI should include such cutting-edge techniques as data science, agent-based modelling, complex adaptive systems, and IoT. The main purpose of this workshop is to provide a forum to discuss important research questions and practical challenges in Business Intelligence, Business Informatics, Data Analysis and Agent-based Modelling to exchange latest results, to join efforts in solving the common challenges. JURISIN 2016 was the tenth international workshop on Juris-informatics. Juris-informatics is a new research area which studies legal issues from the perspective of informatics. The purpose of this workshop was to discuss both the fundamental and practical issues among people from the various backgrounds such as law, social science, information and intelligent technology, logic and philosophy, including the conventional “AI and law” area. SKL 2016 (The Third International Workshop on Skill Science) was aimed to internationalize the research on skill sciences through organizing the meeting. Human skills involve well-attuned perception and fine motor control, often accompanied by thoughtful planning. The involvement of body, environment, and tools mediating them makes the study of skills unique among researches of human intelligence.

Download or read book Task based grammar teaching of English written by Susanne Niemeier and published by Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus on communication in TBLT often comes at the expense of form. In this book, the task-based approach is enhanced and coupled with insights into (cognitive) grammar, an approach which sees grammar as meaningful. The book shows how grammar teaching can be integrated into a communicative lesson in a non-explicit way, i.e., "by the backdoor". The learners are involved in situations that they may also encounter outside their classrooms and they are given communicative tasks they are to work on and solve, usually with a partner or in small groups. What teachers need to invest for preparing such lessons is their own creativity, as they have to come up with communicative situations which guide the learners into using a specific grammatical structure. The book first discusses the didactic and the linguistic theories involved and then translates these theoretical perspectives into actual teaching practice, focusing on the following grammatical phenomena: tense, aspect, modality, conditionals, passive voice, prepositions, phrasal verbs, verb complementation, pronouns and articles.

Download or read book Modal Non assertions written by David Rubio Vallejo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between root (i.e. non-epistemic) modal verbs and functional heads like tense and aspect has been investigated in a wealth of recent literature, particularly in the context of counterfactual conditionals (Iatridou, 2000; Arregui, 2009; a.o.) and actuality entailments (Bhatt, 1999; Hacquard, 2006). In this work, I continue this investigation by exploring Spanish modal constructions that express a range of meanings beyond the purely truth-conditional contribution of their constituent parts. ☐ First, I focus on a non-cancellable kind of counterfactuality that is triggered by past tense and appears outside the stereotypical conditional environment where such inferences have traditionally been studied. This counterfactual semantic presupposition can arise both in non-conditional declaratives and a specific kind of performative in Spanish. ☐ With respect to actuality effects, I argue that the distinction between the French-style languages that trigger actuality entailments and those that do not needn't be a crosslinguistic dichotomy, since the same split can be found within a single language. In Spanish, the possibility modal poder, together with the deontic necessity modal deber, can be enriched to express either actuality or counterfactuality inferences that appear to be pragmatically derived as conversational implicatures. Conversely, the necessity semi-modal tener que (as well as some other necessity modals like necesitar ) trigger standard actuality entailments. ☐ The overall picture that emerges is that a more nuanced reinterpretation of actuality and counterfactuality effects might be necessary because these inferences can have a different range of properties depending on the language where they are found.

Download or read book Necessary Beings written by Bob Hale and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bob Hale presents a broadly Fregean approach to metaphysics, according to which ontology and modality are mutually dependent upon one another. He argues that facts about what kinds of things exist depend on facts about what is possible. Modal facts are fundamental, and have their basis in the essences of things—not in meanings or concepts.