Download or read book Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS written by Baxter E. Vieux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-10-29 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. 5 REFERENCES 127 7 DIGITAL TERRAIN 129 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 129 1. 2 DRAINAGE NETWORK 130 1. 3 DEFINITION OF CHANNEL NETWORKS 135 1. 4 RESOLUTION DEPENDENT EFFECTS 138 1. 5 CONSTRAINING DRAINAGE DIRECTION 141 1. 6 SUMMARY 145 1. 7 REFERENCES 146 8 PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT 149 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 149 1. 2 RAIN GAUGE ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL 151 ADAR STIMATION OF RECIPITATION 1. 3 R E P 155 1. 4 WSR-88D RADAR CHARACTERISTICS 167 1. 5 INPUT FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELING 172 1. 6 SUMMARY 174 1. 7 REFERENCES 175 9 FINITE ELEMENT MODELING 177 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 177 1. 2 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 182 1. 3 SUMMARY 194 1. 4 REFERENCES 195 10 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 197 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 197 1. 2 CALIBRATION APPROACH 199 1. 3 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 201 1. 4 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION 208 1. 5 SUMMARY 214 1. 6 REFERENCES 214 11 DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODELING 217 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 218 1. 2 CASE STUDIES 218 1. 3 SUMMARY 236 1. 4 REFERENCES 237 12 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION 239 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 239 x Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS 1. 2 VFLOTM EDITIONS 241 1. 3 VFLOTM FEATURES AND MODULES 242 1. 4 MODEL FEATURE SUMMARY 245 1. 5 VFLOTM REAL-TIME 256 1. 6 DATA REQUIREMENTS 258 1. 7 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER MODELS 259 1. 8 SUMMARY 260 1.

Download or read book Distributed Hydrological Modelling written by Michael B. Abbott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the task of the engineer, as of any other professional person, to do everything that is reasonably possible to analyse the difficulties with which his or her client is confronted, and on this basis to design solutions and implement these in practice. The distributed hydrological model is, correspondingly, the means for doing everything that is reasonably possible - of mobilising as much data and testing it with as much knowledge as is economically feasible - for the purpose of analysing problems and of designing and implementing remedial measures in the case of difficulties arising within the hydrological cycle. Thus the aim of distributed hydrologic modelling is to make the fullest use of cartographic data, of geological data, of satellite data, of stream discharge measurements, of borehole data, of observations of crops and other vegetation, of historical records of floods and droughts, and indeed of everything else that has ever been recorded or remembered, and then to apply to this everything that is known about meteorology, plant physiology, soil physics, hydrogeology, sediment transport and everything else that is relevant within this context. Of course, no matter how much data we have and no matter how much we know, it will never be enough to treat some problems and some situations, but still we can aim in this way to do the best that we possibly can.

Download or read book Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS written by Baxter E. Vieux and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unified approach for modeling hydrologic processes distributed in space and time using geographic information systems (GIS). This Third Edition focuses on the principles of implementing a distributed model using geospatial data to simulate hydrologic processes in urban, rural and peri-urban watersheds. The author describes fully distributed representations of hydrologic processes, where physics is the basis for modeling, and geospatial data forms the cornerstone of parameter and process representation. A physics-based approach involves conservation laws that govern the movement of water, ranging from precipitation over a river basin to flow in a river. Global geospatial data have become readily available in GIS format, and a modeling approach that can utilize this data for hydrology offers numerous possibilities. GIS data formats, spatial interpolation and resolution have important effects on the hydrologic simulation of the major hydrologic components of a watershed, and the book provides examples illustrating how to represent a watershed with spatially distributed data along with the many pitfalls inherent in such an undertaking. Since the First and Second Editions, software development and applications have created a richer set of examples, and a deeper understanding of how to perform distributed hydrologic analysis and prediction. This Third Edition describes the development of geospatial data for use in Vflo® physics-based distributed modeling.

Download or read book Hydrological Forecasting with Radar and the Probability Distributed Hydrological Model PDM written by Gbotemi Abraham Adediran and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficiency of a probabilistic hydrological forecasting system with weather radar and the Probability distributed hydrological model (PDM) was evaluated at the Brue catchment; south-western England. The ability of the radar to measure gauged precipitation in 2007 (regarded as the ground truth) was evaluated using Normalized Bias (NB) and Normalized Error (NE) statistics as the objective function of evaluation. The radar overestimated precipitation measurements by average gauges with NB value of 0.41 and a considerably low NE of 0.68. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a Deterministic nowcasting system (DNS) to forecast radar measured precipitation at 132 forecast time series of 6hrs forecast lead time was assessed. The DNS overestimated the radar measured precipitation with a NB value of 87% and recorded an accumulated NE of 146%. Moreover, the efficiencies of 10 ensemble precipitation forecats generated from a Stochastic nowcasting system (SNS) over the singular deterministic forecasts from the DNS was evaluated at 3 major hydrological events. Some of the ensembles significantly performed better than the deterministic forecast and brilliantly captured the radar measured precipitation at most of the forecast time series. Furthermore, the efficiencies of these sources of precipitation measurement to simulate flows with the PDM at the Brue catchment were also assessed by integrating the radar-based forecasts with measurements from average gauges. The PDM performed satisfactorily well in simulating the flows of 17th January 2007 with an average Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Index (NSE) of 0.65 and the model was judged insensitive to the significantly high precipitation inputs for the hydrological event of 27th of May 2007. However, the PDM performed poorly in simulating flows for the historical storms of 20th of July 2007; with the model under estimating flows with bias value of over 250 cumecs for an event popular for its devastating flooding in the Southwest of England. The model inadequacies was however associated to poor radar precipitation measurements and forecasts on which flow simulation was based. This work therefore emphasis the need for developments in hydrological modeling as well as advancement in weather radar technology to effectively correct radar errors due to radar calibration, signal attenuation, clutter and anomalous propagation, vertical variation of reflectivity, range effects, Z-R relationships, variations of drop size distributions, vertical air motions, beam overshooting the shallow precipitation and sampling issues, that has been identified to affect radar measurements.

Download or read book Recent Advances in the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems written by D.S Bowles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling of the rainfall-runoff process is of both scientific and practical significance. Many of the currently used mathematical models of hydrologic systems were developed a genera tion ago. Much of the effort since then has focused on refining these models rather than on developing new models based on improved scientific understanding. In the past few years, however, a renewed effort has been made to improve both our fundamental understanding of hydrologic processes and to exploit technological advances in computing and remote sensing. It is against this background that the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Advances in the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems was organized. The idea for holding a NATO ASI on this topic grew out of an informal discussion between one of the co-directors and Professor Francisco Nunes-Correia at a previous NATO ASI held at Tucson, Arizona in 1985. The Special Program Panel on Global Transport Mechanisms in the Geo-Sciences of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division agreed to sponsor the ASI and an organizing committee was formed. The committee comprised the co directors, Professor David S. Bowles (U.S.A.) and Professor P. Enda O'Connell (U.K.), and Professor Francisco Nunes-Correia (Portugal), Dr. Donn G. DeCoursey (U.S.A.), and Professor Ezio Todini (Italy).

Download or read book Environmental Modelling written by John Wainwright and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-04-08 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation models are increasingly used to investigate processes and solve practical problems in a wide variety of disciplines eg. climatology, ecology, hydrology, geomorphology, engineering. Environmental Modelling: A Practical Approach addresses the development, testing and application of such models, which apply across traditional boundaries, and demonstrate how interactions across these boundaries can be beneficial. Provides a general overview of methods and approaches as well as focusing on key subject areas written by leading practitioners in the field Assesses the advantages and disadvantages of different models used and provides case studies supported with data, output, tutorial exercises and links to the model and/or model applications via the book's website Covers major developments in the field, eg. the use of GIS and remote sensing techniques, and scaling issues As associated website contains colour images, as well as links to www resources

Download or read book Floods in a Changing Climate written by P. P. Mujumdar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-22 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various modeling methodologies are available to aid planning and operational decision making: this book synthesises these, with an emphasis on methodologies applicable in data scarce regions, such as developing countries. Problems included in each chapter, and supported by links to available online data sets and modeling tools, engage the reader with practical applications of the models. Academic researchers in the fields of hydrology, climate change, and environmental science and hazards, and professionals and policy-makers working in hazard mitigation, remote sensing and hydrological engineering will find this an invaluable resource. This volume is the second in a collection of four books on flood disaster management theory and practice within the context of anthropogenic climate change. The others are: Floods in a Changing Climate: Extreme Precipitation by Ramesh Teegavarapu, Floods in a Changing Climate: Inundation Modelling by Giuliano Di Baldassarre and Floods in a Changing Climate: Risk Management by Slodoban P. Simonović.

Download or read book Geographical Information Systems in Hydrology written by Vijay Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-09-30 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last few years have witnessed an enormous interest in application of GIS in hydrology and water resources. This is partly evidenced by organization of sev eral national and international symposia or conferences under the sponsorship of various professional organizations. This increased interest is, in a large measure, in response to growing public sensitivity to environmental quality and management. The GIS technology has the ability to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, and visualize the diverse sets of geo-referenced data. On the other hand, hydrology is inherently spatial and distributed hydrologic models have large data requirements. The integration of hydrology and GIS is therefore quite natural. The integration involves three major components: (1) spatial data construction, (2) integration of spatial model layers, and (3) GIS and model interface. GIS can assist in design, calibration, modification and comparison of models. This integration is spreading worldwide and is expected to accelerate in the foreseeable future. Substantial op portunities exist in integration of GIS and hydrology. We believe there are enough challenges in use of GIS for conceptualizing and modeling complex hydrologic processes and for globalization of hydrology. The motivation for this book grew out of the desire to provide under one cover a range of applications of GIS tech nology in hydrology. It is hoped that the book will stimulate others to write more comprehensive texts on this subject of growing importance.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of GIS written by Shashi Shekhar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-12 with total page 1392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of GIS provides a comprehensive and authoritative guide, contributed by experts and peer-reviewed for accuracy, and alphabetically arranged for convenient access. The entries explain key software and processes used by geographers and computational scientists. Major overviews are provided for nearly 200 topics: Geoinformatics, Spatial Cognition, and Location-Based Services and more. Shorter entries define specific terms and concepts. The reference will be published as a print volume with abundant black and white art, and simultaneously as an XML online reference with hyperlinked citations, cross-references, four-color art, links to web-based maps, and other interactive features.

Download or read book Weather Radar Information and Distributed Hydrological Modelling written by Yasuto Tachikawa and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Terrain Analysis and Distributed Modelling in Hydrology written by K. J. Beven and published by . This book was released on 1993-03-02 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading authorities present the latest advances and anticipate future research directions in this rapidly growing field. New techniques involving simulation visualization software and workstation computer power are considered. Features concepts regarding direct application of newly obtained data and the use of derived indices to assess hydrological, geomorphological and ecological potentials or risk.

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Environmental Systems written by Satya Prakash Maurya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-24 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of modeling and simulation of environmental systems via diverse research problems and pertinent case studies. It is divided into four parts covering sustainable water resources modeling, air pollution modeling, Internet of Things (IoT) based applications in environmental systems, and future algorithms and conceptual frameworks in environmental systems. Each of the chapters demonstrate how the models, indicators, and ecological processes could be applied directly in the environmental sub-disciplines. It includes range of concepts and case studies focusing on a holistic management approach at the global level for environmental practitioners. Features: Covers computational approaches as applied to problems of air and water pollution domain. Delivers generic methods of modeling with spatio-temporal analyses using soft computation and programming paradigms. Includes theoretical aspects of environmental processes with their complexity and programmable mathematical approaches. Adopts a realistic approach involving formulas, algorithms, and techniques to establish mathematical models/computations. Provides a pathway for real-time implementation of complex modeling problem formulations including case studies. This book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in Environmental Engineering, Computational Engineering/Computer Science, Modeling/Simulation, Environmental Management, Environmental Modeling and Operations Research.

Download or read book GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology Water Resources and Environment written by Yangbo Chen and published by Iahs Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perspectives in Civil Engineering written by Jeffrey S. Russell and published by ASCE Publications. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains 27 papers that serve as a testament to the state-of-the-art of civil engineering at the outset of the 21st century, as well as to commemorate the ASCE's Sesquicentennial. Written by the leading practitioners, educators, and researchers of civil engineering, each of these peer-reviewed papers explores a particular aspect of civil engineering knowledge and practice. Each paper explores the development of a particular civil engineering specialty, including milestones and future barriers, constraints, and opportunities. The papers celebrate the history, heritage, and accomplishments of the profession in all facets of practice, including construction facilities, special structures, engineering mechanics, surveying and mapping, irrigation and water quality, forensics, computing, materials, geotechnical engineering, hydraulic engineering, and transportation engineering. While each paper is unique, collectively they provide a snapshot of the profession while offering thoughtful predictions of likely developments in the years to come. Together the papers illuminate the mounting complexity facing civil engineering stemming from rapid growth in scientific knowledge, technological development, and human populations, especially in the last 50 years. An overarching theme is the need for systems-level approaches and consideration from undergraduate education through advanced engineering materials, processes, technologies, and design methods and tools. These papers speak to the need for civil engineers of all specialties to recognize and embrace the growing interconnectedness of the global infrastructure, economy, society, and the need to work for more sustainable, life-cycle-oriented solutions. While embracing the past and the present, the papers collected here clearly have an eye on the future needs of ASCE and the civil engineering profession.

Download or read book Toward a New Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service AHPS written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-28 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Weather Service (NWS) is responsible for providing flood forecasts and warnings in the United States. The agency established the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Services (AHPS) program in 1997 to advance technology for hydrologic services, specifically to provide accurate forecasts that support timely warnings for all users of hydrologic predictions. AHPS strives to provide information at the right time to facilitate adequate responses to mitigate damages to life, livelihoods, and property. AHPS is slated to be fully implemented nationwide in 2013. With seven years still remaining in its development and implementation timeline, a review of the program now is critical to providing NWS with information it needs to maximize the effectiveness of the AHPS program. This report assesses AHPS in respect to hydrologic science and technology research, river routing and mechanics, "systems" engineering aspects, and implementation. Overall, this report finds AHPS to be an ambitious program that promises to provide services and products that are timely and necessary. The report calls for AHPS to develop a detailed and comprehensive, multi-year implementation plan and for the program's goals and budget to be brought into closer alignment.

Download or read book Hydrology Advances in Theory and Practice written by Nevil W. Quinn and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrology: Advances in Theory and Practice, brings together contributions to both the theory and practice of hydrology, including chapters on (amongst other topics) flood estimation methods and hydrological modelling. The book also looks forward with a global hydrology research agenda fit for the 2030s, and explores how to make advances in hydrological modelling – based on almost 50 years of modelling experience. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.

Download or read book Distributed Hydrological Modelling written by K. J. Beven and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current popularity of the rainfall-runoff model Topmodel is a direct result of the widespread availability of catchment GIS systems and particularly of digital terrain maps. Water flows downhill, therefore topography must be hydrologically significant, therefore how can the digital terrain data be used in hydrological modelling to improve the realism of the predictions? There are not many choices available: Topmodel is one of them but the concepts on which it is based will not be applicable everywhere (see some of the papers in this volume). Indeed, one of the most important aspects of the use of Topmodel is the possibility of mapping the simulations back into space so that the distributed predictions can be compared with field observations. The experiences reported here in applications from around the world represent an excellent summary of the success and limitations of the concepts in a wide variety of environments. Topmodel was never intended to be a fixed model structure but rather a set of concepts that could be modified if required. As such it is important that the experiences of other uses can be gathered together and passed on.