Download or read book Mod lisation de l influence de la structure des joints de grains sur les ph nom nes de s gr gation written by Antoine Vaugeois and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La présente étude porte sur la modélisation de la structure des joints de grains (JG) et sur les phénomènes de ségrégation. Dans les matériaux polycristallins, la ségrégation aux joints de grains a des conséquences importantes sur leurs propriétés structurelles et fonctionnelles : glissement intergranulaire, corrosion intergranulaire et modification des propriétés mécaniques. Ce phénomène devient particulièrement important pour les matériaux irradiés où la ségrégation intergranulaire induite par irradiation peut conduire à une modification locale de la composition des joints de grains et par conséquent, à une évolution parfois néfaste des propriétés macroscopiques de ces matériaux. Dans ce manuscrit, nous nous sommes focalisés sur le développement de la méthode des quasiparticules pour pouvoir modéliser ce phénomène dans des systèmes binaires. La méthode des quasi-particules est un modèle continu qui permet de modéliser les phénomènes physiques à l'échelle atomique. Un des avantages est lié à la possibilité de modéliser les déplacements des atomes dans l'espace continu, tout en permettant de modéliser des transitions diffusives s'étalant sur des temps longs. Dans ce travail la méthode des quasi-particules a été appliquée pour étudier la ségrégation du phosphore aux JG. Le lien entre les différentes structures des JG et la concentration du phosphore aux JG a été établi. Pour modéliser les phénomènes qui ont lieu aux JG dans les matériaux irradiés le modèle des quasi-particules a été développé pour pouvoir inclure des lacunes ou des auto-interstitiels puis décrire leurs cinétiques. Ensuite la diffusion et l'annihilation des lacunes (ou des auto-interstitiels) aux JG ont été modélisées. Il a été montré que lorsque la force de puits du JG est assez importante, les lacunes diffusent vers les JG et des cavités se forment aux JG en ayant une forme allongée, ce qui concorde avec les données expérimentales. Le modèle des quasi-particules a été également appliqué pour étudier la croissance des grains dans un polycristal.
Download or read book Les joints de grains written by Louisette Priester and published by L'Editeur : EDP Sciences. This book was released on 2006 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les joints de grains sont des éléments majeurs constitutifs des matériaux cristallins. Ils jouent un rôle important dans les propriétés de ces matériaux d'autant plus que la taille des grains diminue et/ou que des procédés d'élaboration et de transformation se développent permettant de jouer sur la diversité de ces éléments dans un polycristal. Cet ouvrage présente les connaissances de base sur les joints de grains et ouvre la voie à des orientations de recherche diversifiées dans ce domaine. Le recours à des approches mathématiques est volontairement limité. Les exemples sont privilégiés, les questions qu'ils soulèvent sont discutées par référence aux théories. La démarche générale est sous-tendue par deux objectifs étroitement associés: conduire le lecteur du joint " idéal " au joint " réel " dans les matériaux d'emploi ; partir des connaissances établies pour aborder les perspectives qui se dessinent dans la voie d'une " Ingénierie des joints de grains ". Par ce concept, on vise la maîtrise des textures morphologiques et cristallographiques qui conditionnent les propriétés des matériaux. Ces idées expliquent la division de l'ouvrage en trois grandes parties: 1/ De l'ordre au désordre intergranulaire ; 2/ Du joint de grains idéal au joint de grains réel; et 3/ Du joint de grains libre au joint de grains contraint. Ce livre s'adresse aux étudiants en thèse, aux ingénieurs et aux chercheurs en Science des matériaux; il vise également une communauté scientifique désireuse de parfaire ses connaissances sur les solides cristallins et d'appréhender l'enjeu d'une Ingénierie des joints de grains pour l'amélioration des performances des matériaux.
Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Dr. Johannes Lehmann and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure, or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process.This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book TECHNEAU written by Christian Kazner and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-06-14 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best papers from the three-day conference on Safe Drinking Water from Source to Tap June 2009 in Maastricht are published in this book covering the themes of challenges of the water sector and adaptive strategies, treatment, distribution, risk assessment and risk management, sensors and monitoring, small scale systems, simulation, alternative water supply & sources, consumer involvement, and future drinking water. Worldwide, the water supply sector is facing tremendous challenges. Every new emerging contaminants and pathogens and aging infrastructures that are vulnerable for deliberate contamination pose a threat to the quality of water supplies. Shortage of good quality and readily treatable resources is increasing due to global warming, urbanisation and pollution from agriculture and industry. Regulators and consumers are becoming more demanding. Techneau - the largest European project on drinking water - addresses these challenges by developing adaptive supply system options and new and improved treatment and monitoring technologies. Future system options to be studied are flexible, small scale and multi-source supplies, utilising non conventional resources like brackish ground water, treated wastewater and urban groundwater.
Download or read book The Development Of Large Technical Systems written by Renate Mayntz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an outcome of the conference on the development of large technical systems held in Berlin in 1986. It focuses on the comparative analysis of the development of large technical systems, particularly electrical power, railroad, air traffic, telephone, and other forms of telecommunication.
Download or read book Adhesion Between Polymers and Concrete Adh sion Entre Polym res Et B ton written by H. R. Sasse and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface Adhesion is a phenomenon architects and civil engineers are not very familiar with. In other disciplines knowledge about surface properties and the background of bonding energies is also far from satisfactory; nevertheless there are many important· applications in concrete engineering, where adhesion is necessary for success and durability. These include: - coating and painting - repair of concrete surfaces - bonding of fresh to old concrete - crack injection - glueing of precast elements - glueing of steel to concrete, etc. In 1981 RILEM established the technical committee 52-RAC 'Resin Adherence to Concrete'. The main aims of the committee's work were - to collect research results and practical experiences - to initiate and coordinate research programs - to develop, on a scientific base, test methods for field and for laboratory purposes. One of the results of the committee's work is a state-of-the-art report, which will be presented orally as a General Report at the International Symposium ISAP '86, and will be printed either in the RILEM journal Materials and Structures or separately. Several test recommendations have been elaborated and will be prepared as drafts for the participants ofISAP '86. These are: - direct tensile test - pull-off test - direct shear test - slant shear test - four-point bending test - dynamic loading test - thermal compatibility test (two versions) - injectibility test.
Download or read book Terra 2008 written by Leslie Rainer and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Download or read book International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants IOBC written by International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing aquifer recharge written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plastic Waste and Recycling written by Trevor Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. - Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement - Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation - Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches
Download or read book Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V written by Hermann H. Hahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was intended to return with the International Gothenburg Symposia every other time to the birthplace of these events, Gothenburg in Sweden. But instead the 8th symposium has been invited to be organized and held in Prague, i. e. in the midst of Central and Eastern Europe a region now keen on intensified environmental control. This attests that the symposia have attained such standing in the interna tional world of operators, designers, officers and researchers in water treatment technology that their presence in various parts of the world has been requested. And this ever growing significance, in short the success of this conference series, stems form the fact that the symposia offer a unique platform for the exchange of ideas and experiences on all aspects of water and wastewater treatment between administrators, engineers and scientists. The content of this book, i. e. the schedule of the symposium lectures, results for the most part from a vast response to an international call for papers. Many excellent contributions are included in this volume but at the same time many outstanding ones could not be included for lack of time and space. The total sum of these contributions document again the development in the field, both in terms of new technological (and other) developments as well as public and administrative acceptance and approval of solutions offered.
Download or read book Law and the Semantic Web written by V. Richard Benjamins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-02-09 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: by Roberto Cencioni At the Lisbon Summit in March 2000, European heads of state and government set a new goal for the European Union — to become the most competitive knowled- based society in the world by 2010. As part of this objective, ICT (information and communication technologies) services should become available for every citizen, and for all schools, homes and businesses. The book you have in front of you is about Semantic Web technology and law. Law is something omnipresent; all citizens — at some points in their lives — have to deal with it. In addition, law involves a large group of professionals, and is a mul- billion business world wide. Information technology is important because it that can improve citizens’ interaction with law, as well as improve legal professionals’ work environment. Legal professionals dedicate a significant amount of their time to finding, reading, analyzing and synthesizing information in order to take decisions, and prepare advice and trials, among other tasks. As part of the “Semantic-Based Knowledge and Content Systems” Strategic Objective, the European Commission is funding projects to construct technology to make the Semantic Web vision come true. 1 The articles in this book are related to two current foci of the Strategic Objective : • Knowledge acquisition and modelling, capturing knowledge from raw information and multimedia content in webs and other distributed repositories to turn poorly structured information into machi- processable knowledge.
Download or read book Arms Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rasputin Effect When Commensals and Symbionts Become Parasitic written by Christon J. Hurst and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on those instances when benign and even beneficial relationships between microbes and their hosts opportunistically change and become detrimental toward the host. It examines the triggering events which can factor into these changes, such as reduction in the host’s capacity for mounting an effective defensive response due to nutritional deprivation, coinfections and seemingly subtle environmental influences like the amounts of sunlight, temperature, and either water or air quality. The effects of environmental changes can be compounded when they necessitate a physical relocation of species, in turn changing the probability of encounter between microbe and host. The change also can result when pathogens, including virus species, either have modified the opportunist or attacked the host’s protective natural microflora. The authors discuss these opportunistic interactions and assess their outcomes in both aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems, highlighting the impact on plant, invertebrate and vertebrate hosts.
Download or read book Advances in Intelligent Systems written by S.G. Tzafestas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Systems involve a large class of systems which posses human-like capabilities such as learning, observation, perception, interpretation, reasoning under uncertainty, planning in known and unknown environments, decision making, and control action. The field of intelligent systems is actually a new interdisciplinary field which is the outcome of the interaction, cooperation and synergetic merging of classical fields such as system theory, control theory, artificial intelligence, information theory, operational research, soft computing, communications, linguistic theory, and others. Integrated intelligent decision and control systems involve three primary hierarchical levels, namely organization, coordination and execution levels. As we proceed from the be performed organization to the execution level, the precision about the jobs to increases and accordingly the intelligence required for these jobs decreases. This is in compliance with the principle of increasing precision with decreasing intelligence (IPOI) known from the management field and theoretically established by Saridis using information theory concepts. This book is concerned with intelligent systems and techniques and gives emphasis on the computational and processing issues. Control issues are not included here. The contributions of the book are presented in four parts as follows.
Download or read book Le Golfe Du Saint Laurent petit Oc an Ou Grand Estuaire written by Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans and published by Peches Et Oceans Direction Generale Des Communications = Fisheries and Oceans Communications Dir. This book was released on 1991 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a workshop, the scientific reviews and the contributed papers presented at the symposium. The document presents a brief historical summary of marine research in the Gulf; reports the discussions, conclusions and recommendations of the different working groups on oceanography (physics, biology, chemistry and sedimentology) and on the fishery (fish and invertebrates); then presents the discussions of each multidisciplinary working group, centered around how the St. Lawrence system may be used as a natural laboratory which will contribute to the solution of major long-term problems of conservation of natural resources and of the quality of the environment.
Download or read book Eurasian Steppes Ecological Problems and Livelihoods in a Changing World written by Marinus J.A. Werger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steppes form one of the largest biomes. Drastic changes in steppe ecology, land use and livelihoods came with the emergence, and again with the collapse, of communist states. Excessive ploughing and vast influx of people into the steppe zone led to a strong decline in nomadic pastoralism in the Soviet Union and China and in severely degraded steppe ecosystems. In Mongolia nomadic pastoralism persisted, but steppes degraded because of strongly increased livestock loads. After the Soviet collapse steppes regenerated on huge tracts of fallow land. Presently, new, restorative steppe land management schemes are applied. On top of all these changes come strong effects of climate change in the northern part of the steppe zone. This book gives an up-to-date overview of changes in ecology, climate and use of the entire Eurasian steppe area and their effects on livelihoods of steppe people. It integrates knowledge that so far was available only in a spectrum of locally used languages.
