EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book Mobile Devices

    Book Details:
  • Author : Lauren Collins
  • Publisher : CRC Press
  • Release : 2015-03-16
  • ISBN : 1466594179
  • Pages : 339 pages

Download or read book Mobile Devices written by Lauren Collins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-16 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless and mobile communications have grown exponentially. The average individual now possesses a minimum of two smart mobile devices. The consistent advancement of mobile devices feeds the ever-growing appetite for faster bandwidth, uninterrupted connectivity, applications to fulfill the needs of consumers and businesses, and security for all of

Book Apple macOS and iOS System Administration

Download or read book Apple macOS and iOS System Administration written by Drew Smith and published by Apress. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectively manage Apple devices anywhere from a handful of Macs at one location to thousands of iPhones across many locations. This book is a comprehensive guide for supporting Mac and iOS devices in organizations of all sizes. You'll learn how to control a fleet of macOS clients using tools like Profile Manager, Apple Device Enrollment Program (DEP), and Apple Remote Desktop. Then integrate your Mac clients into your existing Microsoft solutions for file sharing, print sharing, Exchange, and Active Directory authentication without having to deploy additional Mac-specific middle-ware or syncing between multiple directory services. Apple macOS and iOS System Administration shows how to automate the software installation and upgrade process using the open source Munki platform and provides a scripted out-of-the box experience for large scale deployments of macOS endpoints in any organization. Finally, you'll see how to provision and manage thousands of iOS devices in a standardized and secure fashion with device restrictions and over-the-air configuration. What You'll LearnIntegrate macOS and iOS clients into enterprise Microsoft environmentsUse Apple’s Volume Purchase Program to manage App installations and share pools of Apps across multiple usersMass deploy iOS devices with standard configurationsRemotely manage a fleet of macOS devices using Apple's Remote DesktopWho This Book Is For System or desktop administrators in enterprise organizations who need to integrate macOS or iOS clients into their existing IT infrastructure or set-up a new infrastructure for an Apple environment from scratch.

Book Enterprise Cybersecurity

Download or read book Enterprise Cybersecurity written by Scott Donaldson and published by Apress. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enterprise Cybersecurity empowers organizations of all sizes to defend themselves with next-generation cybersecurity programs against the escalating threat of modern targeted cyberattacks. This book presents a comprehensive framework for managing all aspects of an enterprise cybersecurity program. It enables an enterprise to architect, design, implement, and operate a coherent cybersecurity program that is seamlessly coordinated with policy, programmatics, IT life cycle, and assessment. Fail-safe cyberdefense is a pipe dream. Given sufficient time, an intelligent attacker can eventually defeat defensive measures protecting an enterprise’s computer systems and IT networks. To prevail, an enterprise cybersecurity program must manage risk by detecting attacks early enough and delaying them long enough that the defenders have time to respond effectively. Enterprise Cybersecurity shows players at all levels of responsibility how to unify their organization’s people, budgets, technologies, and processes into a cost-efficient cybersecurity program capable of countering advanced cyberattacks and containing damage in the event of a breach. The authors of Enterprise Cybersecurity explain at both strategic and tactical levels how to accomplish the mission of leading, designing, deploying, operating, managing, and supporting cybersecurity capabilities in an enterprise environment. The authors are recognized experts and thought leaders in this rapidly evolving field, drawing on decades of collective experience in cybersecurity and IT. In capacities ranging from executive strategist to systems architect to cybercombatant, Scott E. Donaldson, Stanley G. Siegel, Chris K. Williams, and Abdul Aslam have fought on the front lines of cybersecurity against advanced persistent threats to government, military, and business entities.

Book Mastering Mobile Device Management

Download or read book Mastering Mobile Device Management written by Cybellium Ltd and published by Cybellium Ltd. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you ready to take control of mobile devices in your organization? Mastering Mobile Device Management is a comprehensive guide that equips you with the knowledge and skills to effectively manage and secure mobile devices in today's dynamic business environment. In this book, industry expert Kris Hermans provides a step-by-step approach to mastering the intricacies of mobile device management (MDM). Whether you are a seasoned IT professional or new to the field, this book will take you from the fundamentals to advanced concepts, enabling you to become a proficient MDM practitioner. Key Features: Understand the foundations of mobile device management, including device provisioning, enrollment, and configuration. Explore different MDM solutions and evaluate their suitability for your organization's requirements. Learn how to establish comprehensive security policies and enforce them across all managed devices. Gain insights into managing diverse mobile platforms, such as iOS, Android, and Windows. Implement app management strategies to control and distribute applications securely. Discover best practices for device monitoring, troubleshooting, and incident response. Navigate the challenges of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) and implement effective BYOD policies. Stay up to date with the latest trends and technologies in mobile device management. With practical examples, real-world case studies, and hands-on exercises, Mastering Mobile Device Management provides you with the tools and techniques needed to successfully manage mobile devices and safeguard sensitive data in your organization. Whether you are an IT manager, security professional, or mobile device enthusiast, this book will empower you to take charge of mobile device management and ensure the security and productivity of your organization's mobile ecosystem. Unlock the potential of mobile devices while maintaining control. Get ready to master mobile device management with Kris Hermans as your guide. Kris Hermans is an experienced IT professional with a focus on mobile device management and cybersecurity. With years of hands-on experience in the industry, Kris has helped numerous organizations enhance their mobile device security posture and optimize their device management strategies.

Book Apple Device Management

Download or read book Apple Device Management written by Charles Edge and published by Apress. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working effectively with Apple platforms at a corporate or business level includes not only infrastructure, but a mode of thinking that administrators have to adopt to find success. A mode of thinking that forces you to leave 30 years of IT dogma at the door. This book is a guide through how to integrate Apple products in your environment with a minimum of friction. Because the Apple ecosystem is not going away. You'll start by understanding where Apple, third-party software vendors, and the IT community is taking us. What is Mobile Device Management and how does it work under the hood. By understanding how MDM works, you will understand what needs to happen on your networks in order to allow for MDM, as well as the best way to give the least amount of access to the servers or services that’s necessary. You'll then look at management agents that do not include MDM, as well as when you will need to use an agent as opposed to when to use other options. Once you can install a management solution, you can deploy profiles on a device or you can deploy profiles on Macs using scripts. With Apple Device Management as your guide, you'll customize and package software for deployment and lock down devices so they’re completely secure. You’ll also work on getting standard QA environments built out, so you can test more effectively with less effort. Apple is forging their own path in IT. They trade spots with Amazon, Google, and Microsoft as the wealthiest company to ever exist. And they will not be constrained by 30 or more years of dogma in the IT industry. You can try to shoehorn Apple devices into outdated modes of device management, or you can embrace Apple’s stance on management with the help of this book. What You'll LearnDeploy profiles across devices effectively and securely Install apps remotely both from the app store and through custom solutions Work natively with Apple environments rather than retrofitting older IT solutions Who This Book Is For Mac administrators within organizations that want to integrate with the current Apple ecosystem, including Windows administrators learning how to use/manage Macs, mobile administrators working with iPhones and iPads, and mobile developers tasked with creating custom apps for internal, corporate distribution.

Book Microsoft 365 Mobility and Security     Exam Guide MS 101

Download or read book Microsoft 365 Mobility and Security Exam Guide MS 101 written by Nate Chamberlain and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get up to speed with planning, deploying, and managing Microsoft Office 365 services and gain the skills you need to pass the MS-101 exam Key FeaturesExplore everything from mobile device management and compliance,through to data governance and auditingGet to grips with using Azure advanced threat protection and Azure information protectionLearn effectively through exam-focused practice exercises and mock testsBook Description Exam MS-101: Microsoft 365 Mobility and Security is a part of the Microsoft 365 Certified: Enterprise Administrator Expert certification path designed to help users validate their skills in evaluating, planning, migrating, deploying, and managing Microsoft 365 services. This book will help you implement modern device services, apply Microsoft 365 security and threat management, and manage Microsoft 365 governance and compliance. Written in a succinct way, you’ll explore chapter-wise self-assessment questions, exam tips, and mock exams with answers. You’ll start by implementing mobile device management (MDM) and handling device compliance. You’ll delve into threat detection and management, learning how to manage security reports and configure Microsoft 365 alerts. Later, you’ll discover data loss prevention (DLP) tools to protect data as well as tools for configuring audit logs and policies. The book will also guide you through using Azure Information Protection (AIP) for deploying clients, applying policies, and configuring services and users to enhance data security. Finally, you’ll cover best practices for configuring settings across your tenant to ensure compliance and security. By the end of this book, you’ll have learned to work with Microsoft 365 services and covered the concepts and techniques you need to know to pass the MS-101 exam. What you will learnImplement modern device servicesDiscover tools for configuring audit logs and policiesPlan, deploy, and manage Microsoft 365 services such as MDM and DLPGet up to speed with configuring eDiscovery settings and features to enhance your organization’s ability to mitigate and respond to issuesImplement Microsoft 365 security and threat managementExplore best practices for effectively configuring settingsWho this book is for This book is for IT professionals looking to pass the Microsoft 365 Mobility and Security certification exam. System administrators and network engineers interested in mobility, security, compliance, and supporting technologies will also benefit from this book. Some experience with Microsoft 365, Exchange servers, and PowerShell is necessary.

Book Aligning MDM and BPM for Master Data Governance  Stewardship  and Enterprise Processes

Download or read book Aligning MDM and BPM for Master Data Governance Stewardship and Enterprise Processes written by Chuck Ballard and published by IBM Redbooks. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An enterprise can gain differentiating value by aligning its master data management (MDM) and business process management (BPM) projects. This way, organizations can optimize their business performance through agile processes that empower decision makers with the trusted, single version of information. Many companies deploy MDM strategies as assurances that enterprise master data can be trusted and used in the business processes. IBM® InfoSphere® Master Data Management creates trusted views of data assets and elevates the effectiveness of an organization's most important business processes and applications. This IBM Redbooks® publication provides an overview of MDM and BPM. It examines how you can align them to enable trusted and accurate information to be used by business processes to optimize business performance and bring more agility to data stewardship. It also provides beginning guidance on these patterns and where cross-training efforts might focus. This book is written for MDM or BPM architects and MDM and BPM architects. By reading this book, MDM or BPM architects can understand how to scope joint projects or to provide reasonable estimates of the effort. BPM developers (or MDM developers with BPM training) can learn how to design and build MDM creation and consumption use cases by using the MDM Toolkit for BPM. They can also learn how to import data governance samples and extend them to enable collaborative stewardship of master data.

Book Mobile Device Management

Download or read book Mobile Device Management written by Markus Pierer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ing. Markus Pierer M.Sc. proves whether or not there is a generic valid system comparison approach for various individual specifications facilitating the selection process for organizations. He illustrates important basics of enterprise mobility management, realizes classification of mobile devices and accomplishes conceptual definitions. The author divides feature descriptions in categories, thus making various different systems comparable and consistent. This comparison aims at integrating mobile devices in the existing infrastructure of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Book IBM MobileFirst in Action for mGovernment and Citizen Mobile Services

Download or read book IBM MobileFirst in Action for mGovernment and Citizen Mobile Services written by Tien Nguyen and published by IBM Redbooks. This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobile technology is changing the way government interacts with the public anytime and anywhere. mGovernment is the evolution of eGovernment. Like the evolution of web applications, mobile applications require a process transformation, and not by simply creating wrappers to mobile-enable existing web applications. This IBM® RedpaperTM publication explains what the key focus areas are for implementing a successful mobile government, how to address these focus areas with capabilities from IBM MobileFirstTM enterprise software, and what guidance and preferred practices to offer the IT practitioner in the public sector. This paper explains the key focus areas specific to governments and public sector clients worldwide in terms of enterprise mobility and describes the typical reference architecture for the adoption and implementation of mobile government solutions. This paper provides practical examples through typical use cases and usage scenarios for using the capabilities of the IBM MobileFirst products in the overall solution and provides guidance, preferred practices, and lessons learned to IT consultants and architects working in public sector engagements. The intended audience of this paper includes the following individuals: Client decision makers and solution architects leading mobile enterprise adoption projects in the public sector A wide range of IBM services and sales professionals who are involved in selling IBM software and designing public sector client solutions that include the IBM MobileFirst product suite Solution architects, consultants, and IBM Business Partners responsible for designing and deploying solutions that include the integration of the IBM MobileFirst product suite

Book Mastering System Center Configuration Manager

Download or read book Mastering System Center Configuration Manager written by Santos Martinez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-29 with total page 1340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get up to date quickly with clear, expert coverage of SCCM 2016 Mastering System Center Configuration Manager provides comprehensive coverage of Microsoft's powerful network software deployment tool, with a practical hands-on approach. Written by Santos Martinez, Peter Daalmans, and Brett Bennett, this guide walks you through SCCM 2016 with in-depth explanations anchored in real-world applications to get you up to speed quickly. Whether you're planning a new installation or migrating from a previous version of Configuration Manager, this book provides clear instruction and expert insight to get the job done right. Fully aligned with the latest release, the discussion covers the newest tools and features with examples that illustrate utility in a variety of contexts. System Center Configuration Manager (formerly SMS) is one of Microsoft's flagship products; the 2016 release has been updated with better Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 compatibility, improved tools for managing non-Microsoft mobile devices in the cloud, and more. This book provides start-to-finish coverage and expert guidance on everything you need to get your system up to date. Deploy software and operating systems Automate processes and customize configurations Monitor performance and troubleshoot issues Manage security in the cloud and on Virtual Machines SCCM 2016 improves your ability to handle the bring-your-own-device influx in managing mobile, streamlining the latest hiccup right into the everyday workflow. Mastering System Center Configuration Manager provides the practical coverage you need to get up and running seamlessly.

Book IBM MobileFirst Strategy Software Approach

Download or read book IBM MobileFirst Strategy Software Approach written by Tony Duong and published by IBM Redbooks. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IBM® MobileFirst enables an enterprise to support a mobile strategy. With this end-to-end solution, IBM makes it possible for an enterprise to benefit from mobile interactions with customers, with business partners, and in organizations. There are products available from the IBM MobileFirst solution to support management, security, analytics, and development of the application and data platforms in a mobile environment. This IBM Redbooks® publication explores four areas crucial to developing a mobile strategy: Application development Mobile quality management Mobile device management Mobile analytics Each area is addressed in two parts. The first part contains information about the architectural considerations of each technology, and the second part provides prescriptive guidance. This IBM Redbooks publication provides an in-depth look at IBM Worklight®, IBM Rational® Test Workbench, IBM Endpoint Manager for Mobile Devices, and IBM Tealeaf® CX Mobile. This book is of interest to architects looking to design mobile enterprise solutions, and to practitioners looking to build these solutions. Related blog post 5 Things To Know About IBM MobileFirst

Book Guide to Application Whitelisting

    Book Details:
  • Author : National Institute National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2015-10-30
  • ISBN : 9781979931083
  • Pages : 26 pages

Download or read book Guide to Application Whitelisting written by National Institute National Institute of Standards and Technology and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NIST SP 800-167 An application whitelist is a list of applications and application components that are authorized for use in an organization. Application whitelisting technologies use whitelists to control which applications are permitted to execute on a host. This helps to stop the execution of malware, unlicensed software, and other unauthorized software. This publication is intended to assist organizations in understanding the basics of application whitelisting. It also explains planning and implementation for whitelisting technologies throughout the security deployment lifecycle. Why buy a book you can download for free? We print this book so you don't have to. First you gotta find a good clean (legible) copy and make sure it's the latest version (not always easy). Some documents found on the web are missing some pages or the image quality is so poor, they are difficult to read. We look over each document carefully and replace poor quality images by going back to the original source document. We proof each document to make sure it's all there - including all changes. If you find a good copy, you could print it using a network printer you share with 100 other people (typically its either out of paper or toner). If it's just a 10-page document, no problem, but if it's 250-pages, you will need to punch 3 holes in all those pages and put it in a 3-ring binder. Takes at least an hour. It's much more cost-effective to just order the latest version from Amazon.com This book is published by 4th Watch Books and includes copyright material. We publish compact, tightly-bound, full-size books (8 � by 11 inches), with large text and glossy covers. 4th Watch Books is a Service Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business (SDVOSB). If you like the service we provide, please leave positive review on Amazon.com. Without positive feedback from the community, we may discontinue the service and y'all can go back to printing these books manually yourselves. For more titles published by 4th Watch Books, please visit: cybah.webplus.net

Book Requirements Elicitation for the Development and Implementation of a B2B Mobile App  Writing A Consultant Bid Report

Download or read book Requirements Elicitation for the Development and Implementation of a B2B Mobile App Writing A Consultant Bid Report written by Sixbert Sangwa and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-20 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submitted Assignment from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 80, University of South Wales (Business School), language: English, abstract: This document is a report bid proposal for conducting a scoping study that determines the necessary requirements for development and implementation of a B2B mobile application for the client, company X. The report focuses on different things that the client should consider before investing resources into the project, helps the company to make the necessary preparations and serves as a strategic decision making tool. The approach presented are techniques and methods approved by industry experts as well as case study-based experiences. The bid introduces the appropriate methods to investigate the suitable functionalities of the B2B application (Functional requirements), conditions necessary for the adequacy of the implementation of the application in the structural conditions of the company X (Structural requirements) and the resources requirements for the project. While the study will be conducted within six (6) months, a Gantt chart is used to indicate which activities should be performed; as well as where and when, in order to complete the study efficiently and effectively. Lastly, the contribution section acknowledges the benefits of the methods/techniques chosen, their relevance to the project and the reasons why they were adopted in the study.

Book Wireless and Mobile Device Security

Download or read book Wireless and Mobile Device Security written by Jim Doherty and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an industry expert, Wireless and Mobile Device Security explores the evolution of wired networks to wireless networking and its impact on the corporate world.

Book Exam Ref 70 398 Planning for and Managing Devices in the Enterprise

Download or read book Exam Ref 70 398 Planning for and Managing Devices in the Enterprise written by Brian Svidergol and published by Microsoft Press. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepare for Microsoft Exam 70-398–and help demonstrate your real-world mastery of planning and designing cloud and hybrid identities and supporting identity infrastructure for managing devices. Designed for experienced IT pros ready to advance their status, this Exam Ref focuses on the critical-thinking and decision-making acumen needed for success at the Microsoft Specialist level. Focus on the skills measured on the exam: Design for cloud/hybrid identity Design for device access and protection Design for data access and protection Design for remote access Plan for apps Plan updates and recovery This Microsoft Exam Ref: Organizes its coverage by skill measured on the exam Features Thought Experiments to help you assess your readiness for the exam Assumes you have experience with desktop and device administration, Windows networking technologies, Active Directory, and Microsoft Intune

Book Information Security for beginners

Download or read book Information Security for beginners written by Cybellium Ltd and published by Cybellium Ltd. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our digital age, where information flows freely and cyber threats abound, understanding the fundamentals of information security is essential for everyone. "Information Security for Beginners" is a comprehensive guide that demystifies the world of cybersecurity, providing accessible insights to individuals with little to no prior knowledge. Whether you're a tech novice, a curious learner, or anyone concerned about protecting sensitive data, this book is your entry point to grasp the crucial concepts of information security. About the Book: Authored by experts in the field, "Information Security for Beginners" offers a user-friendly exploration of the realm of cybersecurity. Designed to accommodate readers without a technical background, this book unpacks complex concepts into clear explanations, empowering readers of all levels to comprehend the essentials of information security. Key Features: · Cracking the Security Code: Delve into the core principles that underlie information security, including confidentiality, integrity, availability, and more. Through relatable examples and everyday scenarios, gain a solid foundation in safeguarding information. · Understanding Cyber Threats: Explore the landscape of cyber threats that organizations and individuals face. From phishing attacks and malware to social engineering, grasp the tactics employed by malicious actors and how to counter them. · Basic Security Practices: Discover practical steps you can take to enhance your digital security. Learn about strong password creation, safe online browsing, secure Wi-Fi usage, and protecting your personal information. · Navigating Online Privacy: Dive into the world of online privacy and data protection. Understand the importance of privacy settings, managing personal information, and staying vigilant against online tracking. · Safe Digital Habits: Develop a cybersecurity mindset by learning best practices for email security, secure file sharing, and recognizing common scams. Arm yourself with tools to discern between legitimate and malicious online activities. · Securing Devices: Explore strategies to secure your devices, including smartphones, computers, and IoT devices. Discover tips for software updates, antivirus protection, and safeguarding against common vulnerabilities. · Ethical Considerations: Engage with ethical discussions surrounding information security. Examine the balance between security measures and individual rights, and understand the implications of data breaches on individuals and society. · Resources and Further Learning: Access a helpful glossary of terms and a curated list of resources for continued exploration. Equip yourself with knowledge to stay informed and educated in an ever-changing digital landscape.

Book CCNA Cyber Ops SECFND  210 250 Official Cert Guide

Download or read book CCNA Cyber Ops SECFND 210 250 Official Cert Guide written by Omar Santos and published by Cisco Press. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 1065 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eBook version of the print title. Note that the eBook does not provide access to the practice test software that accompanies the print book. Learn, prepare, and practice for CCNA Cyber Ops SECFND 210-250 exam success with this Cert Guide from Pearson IT Certification, a leader in IT Certification learning. Master CCNA Cyber Ops SECFND 210-250 exam topics Assess your knowledge with chapter-ending quizzes Review key concepts with exam preparation tasks CCNA Cyber Ops SECFND 210-250 Official Cert Guide is a best-of-breed exam study guide. Cisco enterprise security experts Omar Santos, Joseph Muniz, and Stefano De Crescenzo share preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. Material is presented in a concise manner, focusing on increasing your understanding and retention of exam topics. The book presents you with an organized test preparation routine through the use of proven series elements and techniques. Exam topic lists make referencing easy. Chapter-ending Exam Preparation Tasks help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly. Review questions help you assess your knowledge, and a final preparation chapter guides you through tools and resources to help you craft your final study plan. Well-regarded for its level of detail, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that will allow you to succeed on the exam the first time. The study guide helps you master all the topics on the CCNA Cyber Ops SECFND exam, including: Fundamentals of networking protocols and networking device types Network security devices and cloud services Security principles Access control models Security management concepts and techniques Fundamentals of cryptography and PKI Essentials of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Windows-based Analysis Linux /MAC OS X-based Analysis Endpoint security technologies Network and host telemetry Security monitoring operations and challenges Types of attacks and vulnerabilities Security evasion techniques