Download or read book Mizoram The Dagger Brigade written by Nirmal Nibedon and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the explosive story of the MNF struggle that persists in the dense jungles of Mizoram. Area Specialist Nirmal Nibeaon penetrated the MNF and came upon a mine of information that had never been made public. This gripping, stranger-thanfiction story is authenticated by a rare selection of photographs and contemporary sketches. Recorded conversations with top Mizo leaders who either participated in the movement or were holding important positions during the height of the insurrections and snap interviews with guerrillas lend an extraordinary force to the narrative. Nibedon is the first journalists to have made the leaders of the movement break their decadeold silence. Owing to the fluid situation prevailing in the hills, there are gaps in the Mizo story. Yet, this is a brilliant attempt to reconstruct the insurgency operations carried out by the Underground and the Indian War Department’s actions to contain the threat. Besides a minute-to-minute account of guerilla depredations and the counterinsurgency operations by the soldiers in Olive-Green, it is also the tale of Mizo people who have passionately preserved their traditions and whose fighting spirit is still nourished by legendary warriors of the past. The Dagger Brigade is the graphic account of a disastrous, yet heroic struggle. It will be attacked, damned, praised and read around the world, for it is true, tough, objective and the first bold exposure of the activities in The Hood of the Cobra.
Download or read book Mizoram the Dagger Brigade written by Nirmal Nibedon and published by New Delhi : Lancers Publishers. This book was released on 1980 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Story of the Mizo National Front (MNF), underground movement in Mizoram.
Download or read book The Mizo Uprising written by Dr. J. V. Hluna and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From March 1, 1966 when the Mizo National Front declared independence, to June 30, 1986 when a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the MNF and the Indian Government, the peace-loving Mizo people were caught in the midst of a devastating war. Records of this twenty-year period are rare, as the very keeping of written accounts was considered a crime against the government. The Mizo Hills was a district in India’s state of Assam and the Assam Legislative Assembly Debates from 1966 to 1972 are one of the few official records available of the period. Members of the Assembly bring to light significant events during the course of the insurgency, including India’s only aerial attack against its own citizens on March 5, 1966 and the re-settlement of eighty percent of the Mizo Hills’ population, reminiscent of South Vietnam’s Agrovilles. The book traces the twenty-year movement through these debates, supplementing them with notes on the course of events gleaned through extensive research leading up to the creation of the state of Mizoram in 1986. The Mizo Peace Accord remains one of the most successful accords in the world and Mizoram one of the most peaceful states in India.
Download or read book India s Near East written by Avinash Paliwal and published by Hurst Publishers. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India’s near east encompasses Bangladesh, Myanmar and the Indian states of the ‘Northeast’—Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. Celebrated as a theatre of geo-economic connectivity typified by India’s ‘Act East’ policy, the region is key not only to India’s great-power rivalry with China, which first boiled over in the 1962 war, but to the idea(s) of India itself. It is also one of the most intricately partitioned lands anywhere on Earth. Rent by communal and class violence, the region has birthed extreme forms of religious and ethnic nationalisms and communist movements. The Indian state’s survival instinct and pursuit of regional hegemony have only accentuated such extremes. This book scripts a new history of India’s eastward-looking diplomacy and statecraft. Narrated against the backdrop of separatist resistance within India’s own northeastern states, as well as rivalry with Beijing and Islamabad in Yangon and Dhaka, it offers a simple but compelling argument. The aspirations of ‘Act East’ mask an uncomfortable truth: India privileges political stability over economic opportunity in this region. In his chronicle of a state’s struggle to overcome war, displacement and interventionism, Avinash Paliwal lays bare the limits of independent India’s influence in its near east.
Download or read book My Years in a Pakistani Prison written by Kishorilal Sharma and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He was called for his service to the motherland. He reciprocated immediately. Giving up all familial relationships, he partook in a rigorous training programme that was a true test of his heart, body, mind and soul. Fighting off his cowardly hopes of quitting the organization so as to avoid the ordeal, he was finally made battle ready. Slipped into enemy territory, his espionage attempts met with complete success. However luck soon turned against him, as during his third mission he was seized by the enemy camp and imprisoned. He was subjected to absolute third degree torture and only miraculously, and albeit divinely, escaped the contours of death on more that one occasion. But he continued to strive towards seeing his own country once again. He looked forward to coming back home. And one day, God gave him that chance. He returned to the border once again, so that he could be united with his fellow countrymen. Was the welcome given to him befitting that of a hero? Or even if not a hero’s welcome, certainly he needn’t have been treated like a blackguard, a traitor! Who was he after all a Spy, or a Soldier?
Download or read book Indian Defence Review Vol 29 4 Oct Dec 2014 written by Air Chief Marshal PV Naik and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There was a change of Government in India in May 2014 which galvanised a rather insipid Foreign Policy. The Prime Minister’s (PM) visit to the neighbouring countries and the Foreign Minister covering those where he was not able to go created a new dynamic in the neighbourly relations. However, Pakistan due to its Army shadowing the Civilian Government presents a unique dilemma in progressing bilateral relations. China surprisingly put across contradictory signals due to the actions of the Peoples Liberation Army on the Line of Actual Control during the visit of the President to India. These present a dilemma to the Indian Government and are covered in the Comment by Lt Gen Jiti Bajwa. Gp Capt Joseph Noronha looks at the future of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles followed by Gp Capt B Menon presenting the need for developing weapon systems for the Air Force in the near future. Air Marshal PV Naik views National security in a holistic perspective. The visit of the PM to Japan has been succulently analysed in the strategic dimension by Dr S Roy Chaudhary. The Chinese President’s visit in the first year of his term coinciding with that of the Indian PM was looked at with much anticipation, the nuances of the visit has been persuasively covered by Claude Arpi. Lt Gen Gautam Banerjee interprets the Pakistan nuclear rhetoric in a realistic geopolitical setting. Consequent to Boeing of USA successfully test flying a retired F 16 fighter aircraft in an unmanned mode Sqn Ldr Vijendra Thakur studied the possibility of Chinese Air Force utilising similar modification to their hordes of retired Migs. The outcome is a surreal scenario. Maj Gen AK Chadha has ventured in to Cyberspace and looks at the military possibilities in this ‘No Man’s Land’ most comprehensively. Our Special Correspondent has looked at two connected issues Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) and India’s Defence Industrial complex. Rear Adm AP Revi analyses the consequences of a depleting submarine fleet of the Indian Navy. Priya Tyagi covers the latest defence news and Col Danvir Singh reports of his visit to France presenting the FREMM multi-mission Frigate by DCNS.
Download or read book Cyberspace Security A Primer written by Air Vice Marshal AK Tiwary and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyberspace has become a playground for everyone. Financial institutions, online shopping, e-commerce, e-governance, communication networks and almost all agencies – civil, military and private make continuous use of cyberspace. At the same time spying by certain agencies on daily life of all seems to resurface the fears of George Orwellian’s 1984 classic. While the internet is an essential means for most to conduct their daily lives, the Deep Web, nearly 395 times the size of internet permits untraceable activities to normal and evil doers with similar ease. The ease and efficiency provided by the cyberspace, alas comes with the risk of cyber criminals threatening its very benefits. It has already provided undreamt reach to terrorists to launch their attacks worldwide. Even Nation States have not shied away from extensive use of cyberspace for unethical purposes. Attribution – an essential precondition to initiate retaliatory measures is extremely difficult in cyberspace. It is like the Wild West with no Sherriff to enforce law and order. How does then One ensure safety in cyber space operations? This Primer is the basic step towards cyberspace security. It offers suggestions at all the levels of cyberspace in simple language minus the jargon.
Download or read book Indian Defence Review Vol 31 3 Jul Sep 2016 written by Air Marshal Anil Chopra and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume: Coup in Turkey Now in A Coop | Lt Gen JS Bajwa Fifth Generation Aircraft: Battlefield Air Support Mission | Air Marshal Anil Chopra Unmanned Full Scale Fighter Targets for Training and Ucav Technology Development | Sqn Ldr Vijainder K Thakur Women Join the Fighter Stream of the Iaf: Will it Work? | Gp Capt Joseph Noronha First Param Vir Chakra | Sumit Walia Military Aviation and the Indian Air Force | Dr Narender Yadav The Contours of Iddm: A User’s Perspective | Lt Gen VK Saxena Challenges to the Indo-Us Defence Relationship | Abhinav Dutta Aerospace and Defence News | Priya Tyagi About Wars of the Future | Artsrun Hovhannisyan Decision-Making in War: Recalling India’s Military History | Brigadier Amar Cheema China’s Maritime Strategy: Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) | Bharat Lather Is Indianess Reasserting in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir? | RSN Singh Indian and Chinese Covert Efforts | Nicolas Groffman Home Minister in Pakistan: Take Action Against Terrorists and Countries that Support Them | Danvir Singh Decommissioning of Ins Viraat | Danvir Singh Potent Indigenous War Unfolding in Jammu & Kashmir | Brig Narender Kumar China – The New Aerospace Power | Gp Capt AK Sachdev Sino-Pak Collaboration – Military Aviation | Air Marshal Anil Chopra Success Breeds Stunning Success: The Story of India’s Space Endeavour | Gp Capt Joseph Noronha Book Reviews
Download or read book Kargil Turning the Tide written by Lt Gen Mohinder Puri, PVSM, UYSM and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2015-12-24 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kargil: Turning the Tide, is a gripping account of the operations of 8 Mountain Division, which was tasked to evict the enemy from the Drass-Mushkoh Sector during Op Vijay. Coming from the pen of Lt Gen (then Maj Gen) Mohinder Puri, who led the division during the operations, the book is as authentic an account of the operations as one can hope to have. Written in a racy style, the book vividly captures the emotions and sentiments of a soldier; the apprehensions and fears of the leaders, and finally the joy and ecstasy of a hard won victory. The book, covering a wide spectrum from attacks at platoon level to issues impinging on national security, will be of immense value to all military professionals. Civilian readers will find the accounts of various close quarters, hand to hand battles fought in the extremely challenging and hostile environment of rugged high altitude terrain, inclement weather and an entrenched enemy, very engrossing and moving. A very high casualty count of 268 killed and 818 wounded, coupled with a rich haul of gallantry awards – three Param Vir Chakras, eight Mahavir Chakras, and 42 Vir Chakras – operations of 8 Mountain Division are a saga of fortitude, exceptional bravery, and exemplary junior leadership, which will undoubtedly swell any Indian’s heart with pride.
Download or read book Indian Defence Review Vol 31 2 Apr Jun 2016 written by Col Danvir Singh and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IN THIS VOLUME: ‘Sagara Manthan’: Make in India Transition | Lt Gen JS Bajwa “Our vision in next 10 years is to become top defence industry in the world...” | Interview by Danvir Singh Indian Airborne Troops Script History | Danvir Singh Submarine Ahoy – Whither to Bound? | Rear Adm AP Revi Aerospace and Defence News | Priya Tyagi Higher Defence Organisation for India: Towards an Integrated Approach | Maj Gen Rajiv Narayanan Indian Army: Adopting ‘Deep Operations’ Doctrine | Col JK Achuthan The Government’s Burden of Military Security | Lt Gen Gautam Banerjee Global Terrorism: An Analysis of Fault Lines and Risks | Maj Gen SB Asthana Tackling Global Terror | Anil Kumar Tandale Islamic State: The New Brand of Terrorism in India | V Balasubramaniyan India & China Territorial Dispute: The Growing Challenge | Brig Gurmeet Kanwal China-India-Myanmar: The Forgotten Frontier | Air Cmde PC Chopra Myanmar and India: A New Future | Maj Gen Nitin P Gadkari Airfield Security: Lessons for the IAF | Air Marshal Anil Chopra Acoustic Capacity Building in the Indian Ocean Region | Cdr (Dr) Arnab Das & Vice Adm DSP Varma Transportation Infrastructure in the North East | Air Marshal Dhiraj Kukreja Our Forgotten Wars: Victimisation and Survival in Bodoland | Dr Samrat Sinha Women Officers in the Indian Army: A Reality Check | Lt Gen Mukesh Sabharwal Socio Economic Transformation: Through Ex-Servicemen | Lt Gen SK Gadeock & Col Nishant Sharma DPP 2016: A Missed Opportunity | Dr SN Misra Defence Budget 2016: Hits and Misses for the IAF | Air Marshal Anil Chopra Privatisation of the Indian Aerospace Industry: Problems and Prospects | Gp Capt AK Sachdev The Patrol Leader | Sumit Walia
Download or read book Indian Defence Review Vol 30 2 Apr Jun 2015 written by Col Danvir Singh and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two issues that dominated the debates of the strategic community in the first quarter of this year were; ‘Make in India’ energetically marketed at the Aero-India Show and the Defence Budget. The Defence Budget is looked at intently to get the general emphasis of the government on security. Brig Gurmeet Kanwal has debated this lucidly. Maintaining a large standing armed force requires more than mere day-to-day support. An ill-equipped large force mired with equipment hollowness is not a guarantee for security but in a future war will be cannon fodder for the adversary. Someone will have to be held accountable to the nation for this debilitating lapse. Or take a conscious decision to reduce its size if this country cannot afford a well equipped large armed force!!! Preparing an armed force on a long-term basis requires a deeply considered perspective of its future role in the national security scheme and the road map for its implementation. The absence of a doctrine and the hesitation of establishing a single point of contact on all matters military have been well debated in this issue. Generals Harwant and Banerjee and Colonel Achutan look at the aspects of doctrine. ‘Make in India’ has been the didactic theme of this Government. It needs to be spelt out in clear terms and not left to the (mis-)interpretation of the bureaucracy. Make in India will be feasible only when the basic industrial manufacturing has notched up a number of counts and the manpower skills to go with it are matching. Currently it is more theoretical than implementable. The articles Dr Misra, Air Marshal Kukreja and Group Captain Noronha address these issues with particular reference to the aero-space industry. Two articles relate to the major current event on PM Modi’s visit to China; the first is on Tibet and the second on the boundary issue. Cyber space is emerging the next frontier; Gen Davinder Kumar has generated an excellent discussion on the issue. Col Harjeet has looked at the implications of social media on security. As a first Claude Arpi has documented a diary highlighting prominent issues relating to China’s PLA in this first quarter. This will now be a regular feature in the print edition. Wishing all our readers a worthwhile professionally invigorating reading experience.
Download or read book Indian Defence Review Vol 30 1 Jan Mar 2015 written by Air Marshal Dhiraj Kukreja and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biennial Aero India Show is here again in Bengaluru. The current issue is focused on Air Power. With Prime Minister raising the upper limit of FDI in the Defence Industry sector and bringing forth a policy of “Make in India” the international weapon systems and equipment manufacturers are realigning their format to meet the requirement in these changed circumstances. The major players in the aviation industry are already on the starting blocks and fine tuning their nuanced approach. Dr Nikolai Novichkov has presented a view of the Russian aviation industry; Steven Gillard has outlined Rolls Royce’s committed support in positioning India as a global manufacturing hub. Boeing has elaborated on the maintenance support and services being set up for the two major aircraft deployed by the IAF – C17 and P8I as also making India as a hub for support and services in the region. Rafael Industries and IAI Israel too have outlined the format for possible TOT in an impressive array of technologies in the future. A fair number of our articles are devoted to analysing India’s Air Power. Air Marshal Dhiraj Kukreja has comprehensively dwelt on India’s present and future combat fleet. Drones as game changers are presented lucidly by S Gopal. Space is considered an adjunct to air power; Gp Capt AK Sachdev has analysed this aspect in relation to India’s space endeavours. IAF phased out its fleet of Canberra medium bombers in 1990. Was that a well considered decision taking into account India’s future growth as a regional and global power? The role of bombers in the air force is pithily argued by Sqn Ldr Vijainder Thakur. As aircraft exploit the air medium, air defence weapons aim to deny this freedom to aircraft and missiles. Air Marshal Anil Chopra brings forth the success of the ‘Iron Dome’ deployed by the Israelis and its role in protecting surface targets. This issue also covers India’s ‘sub-conventional deficit’ by our special correspondent and the present state of insurgency in India’s North East region by Brig R Borthakur. Gen Vijay Oberoi has highlighted the need for a structural change in India’s higher defence management. Brig Deepak Sinha has raised the issue of India’s security strategy and doctrine being on divergent paths. Maj Gen AK Chadha has emphatically put forth the need for the military in the digitalised battle field to carve out its own ‘slice of space’ for operating successfully in such a future war scenario. Air Marshal Anil Chopra and Dr SN Misra have presented the efficacy of TOT and off sets and challenges before the defence industry. Mr Kanwal Sibal has critically assessed the evolving dynamics of Indo-US relations. Gen JS Lidder with his UN experience has looked at the need for enhancing the role of women in conflict zones. Claude Arpi has been a keen China watcher. He presents the current situation in the PLA consequent to the crackdown by the Chinese President Xi Jinping on the wide spread corruption in the Chinese PLA. The IDR has endeavoured through the range of articles to hold the interest of the serious reader of military affairs.
Download or read book Indian Defence Review Jul Sep 2015 Vol 30 3 written by Danvir Singh and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2015-09-04 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IN THIS VOLUME: Indo-Pak War 1965: Are Commemorations Due? – Lt Gen JS Bajwa (Editor) ---------------------------------------------------- INDIAN DEFENCE REVIEW COMMENT Indian Army’s Multi-Calibre Individual Weapon System – Danvir Singh ---------------------------------------------------- Getting More from Less: Force Multipliers for the IAF – Gp Capt Joseph Noronha Quietly Effective, Vigilant Airborne ISR – John Kiehle Look Beyond FDI: Laying the Right Foundation for Defence Manufacturing – Dr JP Dash Making “Make in India” Succeed – Lt Gen Anjan Mukherjee Restructuring Defence Procurement Procedure – Ashish Puntambekar Airborne and Special Forces: Reassessing Role, Tasks and Organisations – Brig Deepak Sinha The IAF and its Need for Close Air Support – Sqn Ldr Vijainder K Thakur India: An Aerospace Power? – Gp Capt TP Srivastava Computer Network Operations and Electronic Warfare Complementary or Competitive? – Lt Gen Davinder Kumar Spectre of China’s Artificial Islands – Prof Swaran Singh & Dr Lilian Yamamoto China’s Game of Territorial Claims – Lt Gen Gautam Banerjee Aerospace and Defence News – Priya Tyagi The Dragon’s Adventures in the Indian Ocean – Vice Admiral Anup Singh Influence of Aerial Combat on the Development of Armoured Fighting Vehicles – Artsrun Hovhannisyan Fifty Years Since Haji Pir – Special Correspondent The Middle East: An Assessment – Air Marshal Dhiraj Kukreja Climate Change in the Himalayas: A Ticking Time-Bomb? – Col CP Muthanna Restructuring Defence Reforms for National Security – Brig Gurmeet Kanwal Wanted A Full Spectrum Military Doctrine – Brig Amar Cheema Reviewing India’s Foreign Policy: From Regional Power to Potential Super Power – Anant Mishra The PLA Digest – Claude Arpi Book Review
Download or read book Indian Defence Review Vol 29 2 written by Lt Gen JS Bajwa and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2014-04-29 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new issue of Indian Defence Review discusses the pros and cons of private aerospace manufacturing industry and why it should be encourage to flourish. Group Captain Joseph Noronha very strongly contends that the private aerospace industry must flourish in India to develop the sector. Artillery modernization in doldrums and IDR proposes a major overhaul in the procurement process to hasten reequipping of Regimens of Artillery immediately with 155mm guns. Group Captain Sachdev looks critically into whether the Indian Air Force equipped for a two-front war in case China-Pakistan join hands to attack India at the same time. The IAF has already informed the government that they are not prepared to handle the two-front war and hence, finalization of MMRCA deal is extremely vital. There is an interesting debate of shaping, equipping and employing Special Forces by Saikat Dutta and Force Projection by Brig Deepak Sinha. Also our senior military experts propose tired board defence against China. With the classified Handerson Brooke report leaked out, Gen Bajwa, former Chief of Staff Eastern Command draws interesting lessons from it. On the other hand, Bharat Verma takes apart and attempt to create a ‘fake military coup’ as also details the incompetence of the defence minister, which has lowered the military preparedness in the last 10 years against increasing and multiplying security threats on India’s border.
Download or read book Foreign Policies of India s Prime Ministers written by Harish Kapur and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is on the Prime Ministers of India since Jawaharlal Nehru. A chapter is devoted to each of them with a focus on their foreign policies. The broad organisational framework, designed and deployed in this publication, begins with a brief analysis of their formative years, their perceptions of the international system, and the architecture of their foreign policies, before delving into their decisional process, and before concluding with an evaluation of their role. All the Prime Ministers were obviously not interested in international affairs. Though the dimensional size of the country had unavoidably pushed all of them to deal with foreign affairs, their role was variegated and their performance was unequal. While the Nehru-Gandhi family were the icons of Indian diplomacy, there were others like Morarji Desai, V.P.Singh, H.D.Deve Gowda, Chandra Shekar, etc. who were really marginal either because their mandate was limited by time or by interest. The uniqueness of the book lies in the fact that the author has dealt with all the Prime Ministers, including the ones for whom foreign policy was not crucial.
Download or read book Triumph in Surrender written by Vijainder K Thakur and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Triumph in Surrender is a fast paced narrative that blends edge-of-the-seat action with heartwarming passion and rectitude, set in the IAF against the backdrop of an existential threat to the nation. The thriller romance gives an intimate glimpse into the lives of IAF personnel and showcases the technological capabilities of the service that invariably gets the first call to action. The novel’s plot is woven around three brilliant and passionate characters who stay in perfect harmony despite cross wired attractions, out of deep respect for each other. Triumph in Surrender illustrates how, when reposed with freedom and trust by their governments, the karamvir yodhas of this world can ward off the most diabolic threats to civilized life; evil exists only where goodness is mute or shackled. The book cover doesn’t allude to it, but the narrative proclaims it loudly - the karamvir yodhas of today are as often women, as men.
Download or read book Kashmir Saga A Bundle of Blunders written by Lt Gen DD Saklani and published by Lancer Publishers LLC. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J&K is a complicated problem, compounded by various internal and external factors. Unfortunately the issue has not remained confined to India and Pakistan only but has become a pawn in global and regional power politics. Based on his unique personal experiences, first as a soldier and then as the Security Adviser to the Governor, the author has sketched out the intrigues and blunders which plunged the state into its present state of militancy of disturbing magnitude, causing untold trouble and suffering to the people. The book tells the story of J&K forged by its ironic destiny and by the uncertainties and instabilities of Indian policies. Many pertinent questions arise. Who were the persons responsible for bringing about such a situation in the state and for how long do its people have to suffer the miseries? Is there to be an end to this bloodletting or will the conflict continue as hithertofore? One may wonder what led to the great tragedy in the state. There have been genuine grievances of the people which have not been adequately addressed. Political and administrative lapses created resentments, which have been and continue to be exploited by outside powers.
