Download or read book Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Mediated by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL12 5 written by Brett Adrian Kyle Duguay and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) leads to the rapid and complete loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial messenger RNA (mt-mRNA), effectively eliminating gene expression within mitochondria. Previous work determined that a unique 3' co-terminal transcript arising from within viral alkaline nuclease gene UL12 produced an amino (N)-terminally truncated viral protein, termed UL12.5, which was responsible for mtDNA loss. The UL12 and UL12.5 proteins share the same open reading frame (ORF); however, translation initiation of UL12.5 occurs from the codon equivalent to UL12 M127. The N-terminal truncation of UL12.5 relative to UL12 unmasks a sequence which targets UL12.5 to mitochondria. My working hypothesis stated that UL12.5 localizes to the mitochondrial matrix, in close proximity to mtDNA, to nucleolytically degrade mitochondrial genomes. When I began this research it was clear that UL12.5 caused mtDNA loss by localizing to mitochondria. However, it was unclear how and why UL12.5-mediated mtDNA loss occurred. The data presented in this thesis firstly, support our earlier work and demonstrate that the mitochondrial localization of UL12.5 is controlled by an N-proximal mitochondrial localization sequence (MLS). Furthermore, while this MLS possesses many hallmarks of a mitochondrial matrix targeted protein, UL12.5 does not appear to simply translocate into the mitochondrial matrix. Secondly, inconsistent with the hypothesis, I observed that UL12.5 could cause mtDNA loss in the absence of its inherent nuclease activity, which suggested that cellular nucleases were involved in this process. In support of this revised hypothesis, I discovered that mtDNA loss by UL12.5 was facilitated by the mitochondrial nucleases endonuclease G (ENDOG) and endonuclease G-like 1 (EXOG). Finally, following the construction of a UL12.5-null HSV-1 mutant virus impaired in the ability to cause mtDNA depletion, I observed that the elimination of mtDNA is not required for viral replication. Altogether, the research presented in this thesis support a unique and complex mechanism employed by the HSV-1 UL12.5 protein to destroy mtDNA. These data also leave open the possibility that mtDNA loss may have a significant role in HSV-1 replication in vivo.
Download or read book Latency Strategies of Herpesviruses written by Janos Minarovits and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of the latency strategies developed during the estimated 200,000 year-long coevolution of Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaherpesvirinae and their host species. While the main emphasis is on herpesviruses infecting humans, relevant cases if herpesviruses infecting animals are covered as well. Special emphasis is given to results on molecular mechanisms regulating latent promoters of herpesvirus genomes and signals and molecular pathways resulting in reactivation of latent viral genomes.
Download or read book Viral Genome Replication written by Craig E. Cameron and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive review of viral genome replication strategies, emphasizing not only pathways and regulation but also the structure-function, mechanism, and inhibition of proteins and enzymes required for this process.
Download or read book Viruses Essential Agents of Life written by Günther Witzany and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A renaissance of virus research is taking centre stage in biology. Empirical data from the last decade indicate the important roles of viruses, both in the evolution of all life and as symbionts of host organisms. There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a non-lytic but persistent lifestyle. Viruses and viral parts form the most numerous genetic matter on this planet.
Download or read book The Enzymes written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-07 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enzymes, Volume 54 highlights new advances in enzymes, with new chapters on a variety of topics, including the History of The Enzymes, Impact of The Enzymes in chronicling biochemical processes and pathways, Metabolism and Catalysis, Mitochondrial ATP synthase, The respiratory chain, A century of mitochondrial research, Five decades of metalloenzymology, Mechanisms of catalysis, Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis and associated processes, Signaling, MAPK cascades: Origins, mechanisms and current status, Sphingolipids: From structural components to signaling hubs, Protein Homeostasis and Hydrolysis, Mitochondrial AAA+ proteases, Hsp70 and JDP proteins: structure-function perspective on molecular chaperone activity. Other sections cover DNA Replication and Repair, Structure-function studies of DNA replication proteins, and Helicases required for nucleotide excision repair. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Updated release includes the latest information on enzymes
Download or read book Prostatic Carcinoma written by E.S. Hafez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade substantial progress has been scientists and clinicians to intensify their research made in the understanding of prostatic physio for better diagnostic techniques. Thanks are due to pathology by the application of modern techniques the contributors who prepared their chapters me and instrumentation in microanatomy, immunol ticulously. Thanks also are due to Ms. Lori Rust ogy, neurophysiology, pathology, genetics, endo for her editorial skills, and to Mr. Jeffrey Smith of Martinus Nijhoff for his fine cooperation during crinology, biochemistry, biophysics and surgery. An attempt is made in this volume to coordinate the production of this volume. anatomical, physiological, biochemical, endocri nological, pharmacological and immunological as pects of human prostatic carcinoma. It is hoped E.S.E. HAFEZ that this volume will serve as a stimulus to basic Detroit, Michigan PROSTATIC CARCINOMA: BIOLOG Y AND DIAGNOSIS 1. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS 1. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE PROSTATE E. SPRING-M ILLS and A. KRALL I. EMBRYOLOGY into smooth muscle cells and collagen secreting fibroblasts. These cells form the stroma which ensheaths the branching glands and ejaculatory The prostate gland develops from solid. endo ducts as they pass from the junction of the vas dermal outgrowths of urogenital sinus epithelium deferens and seminal vesicles to the urethra.
Download or read book The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Joseph D. Buxbaum and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is no longer considered a rare disease, and the Center for Disease Control now estimates that upwards of 730,000 children in the US struggle with this isolating brain disorder. New research is leading to greater understanding of and ability to treat the disorder at an earlier age. It is hoped that further genetic and imaging studies will lead to biologically based diagnostic techniques that could help speed detection and allow early, more effective intervention. Edited by two leaders in the field, this volume offers a current survey and synthesis of the most important findings of the neuroscience behind autism of the past 20 years. With chapters authored by experts in each topic, the volume explores etiology, neuropathology, imaging, and pathways/models. Offering a broad background of ASDs with a unique focus on neurobiology, the volume offers more than the others on the market with a strictly clinical focus or a single authored perspective that fails to offer expert, comprehensive coverage. Researchers and graduate students alike with an interest in developmental disorders and autism will benefit, as will autism specialists across psychology and medicine looking to expand their expertise. Uniquely explores ASDs from a neurobiological angle, looking to uncover the molecular/cellular basis rather than to merely catalog the commonly used behavioral interventions Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for neurodevelopmental disorder researchers and autism specialists Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe - the broadest, most expert coverage available
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Virology written by Allan Granoff and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-09-03 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reference source of current virological knowledge. It is also the first to bring together all aspects of the subject for a wide variety of readers. Unique in its use of concise 'mini-review' articles, the mate rial covers biological, molecular, and medical topics concerning viruses in animals, plants, bacteria, and insects. More general articles focus on the effects of viruses on the immune system, the role of viruses in disease, oncology, gene therapy, and evolution, plus a wide range of related topics.
Download or read book Reactive Oxygen Species ROS Nanoparticles and Endoplasmic Reticulum ER Stress Induced Cell Death Mechanisms written by Loutfy H. Madkour and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-27 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Nanoparticles, and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-Induced Cell Death Mechanisms presents the role of ROS?mediated pathways cellular signaling stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, oxidative damage, nanomaterials, and the mechanisms by which metalloids and nanoparticles induce their toxic effects. The book covers the ecotoxicology of environmental heavy metal ions and free radicals on macromolecules cells organisms, heavy metals?induced cell responses, oxidative stress, the source of oxidants, and the roles of ROS, oxidative stress and oxidative damage mechanisms. It also examines the nanotoxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity mechanisms of nanomaterials and the effects of nanoparticle interactions. Antioxidant defense therapy and strategies for treatment round out the book, making it an ideal resource for researchers and professional scientists in toxicology, environmental chemistry, environmental science, nanomaterials and the pharmaceutical sciences. - Covers the ecotoxicology of environmental heavy metal ions and the interactions between specific heavy metals?induced cell responses and oxidative stress - Provides a better understanding of the mechanism of nanomaterial-induced toxicity as a first defense for hazard prevention - Covers recent advances in new nanomedication technologies for the effects of NPs on oxidative stress, ROS and ER stress - Discusses the effects of interactions between antioxidant defense therapy, ROS and strategies for treatment
Download or read book Genetic Diagnosis of Endocrine Disorders written by Roy E. Weiss and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-09 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Diagnosis of Endocrine Disorders, Second Edition provides users with a comprehensive reference that is organized by endocrine grouping (i.e., thyroid, pancreas, parathyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and reproductive and bone), discussing the genetic and molecular basis for the diagnosis of various disorders. The book emphasizes the practical nature of diagnosing a disease, including which tests should be done for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults and children, which genes should be evaluated for subjects with congenital hypothyroidism, which genetic tests should be ordered in obese patients or for those with parathyroid carcinoma, and the rationale behind testing for multiple endocrine neoplasias. - Offers a clear presentations of pharmacogenetics and the actual assays used in detecting endocrine diseases - Teaches the essentials of the genetic basis of disease in each major endocrine organ system - Offers expert advice from genetic counselors on how to use genetic information in counseling patients - Includes new chapters on the genetics of lipid disorders and glycogen storage diseases, genetics of hypoglycemia, and whole genome/exome sequencing
Download or read book Handbook of the Biology of Aging written by Edward J. Masoro and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research findings in the biology of aging. Intended as a summary for researchers, it is also adopted as a high level textbook for graduate and upper level undergraduate courses. The Sixth Edition is 20% larger than the Fifth Edition, with 21 chapters summarizing the latest findings in research on the biology of aging. The content of the work is virtually 100% new. Though a selected few topics are similar to the Fifth Edition, these chapters are authored by new contributors with new information. The majority of the chapters are completely new in both content and authorship. The Sixth Edition places greater emphasis and coverage on competing and complementary theories of aging, broadening the discussion of conceptual issues. Greater coverage of techniques used to study biological issues of aging include computer modeling, gene profiling, and demographic analyses. Coverage of research on Drosophilia is expanded from one chapter to four. New chapters on mammalian models discuss aging in relation to skeletal muscles, body fat and carbohydrate metabolism, growth hormone, and the human female reproductive system. Additional new chapters summarize exciting research on stem cells and cancer, dietary restriction, and whether age related diseases are an integral part of aging. The Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition is part of the Handbooks on Aging series, including Handbook of the Psychology of Aging and Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, also in their 6th editions.
Download or read book Dynamics of Proteins and Nucleic Acids written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published continuously since 1944, Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology has been a continuous, essential resource for protein chemists. Covering reviews of methodology and research in all aspects of protein chemistry, including purification/expression, proteomics, modeling and structural determination and design, each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins while presenting the most recent findings from leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics. - Covers reviews of methodology and research in all aspects of protein chemistry - Brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins while presenting the most recent findings from leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics
Download or read book Mitochondria and Cancer written by Keshav Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-05 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly a century of scientific research has revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most common and consistent phenotypes of cancer cells. A number of notable differences in the mitochondria of normal and cancer cells have been described. These include differences in mitochondrial metabolic activity, molecular composition of mitochondria and mtDNA sequence, as well as in alteration of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. This book, Mitochondria and Cancer, edited by Keshav K. Singh and Leslie C. Costello, presents thorough analyses of mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the hallmarks of cancer, discusses the clinical implications of mitochondrial defects in cancer, and as unique cellular targets for novel and selective anti-cancer therapy.
Download or read book Biological Agricultural Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Host Microbe Interactions written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Host-Microbe Interactions, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology series, provides a forum for the discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their respective fields, along with abundant references. This volume is dedicated to the subject of host-microbe interactions. - Provides the latest research on host-microbe interactions, including new discoveries, approaches, and ideas - Contains contributions from leading authorities on topics relating to molecular biology - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Role in Cell Physiology written by I.F. Pryme and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-05-31 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with functions of the cytoskeleton in different cellular processes such as cell compartmentation and organelle transport, secretion and cell attachment.
Download or read book Microbial Physiology written by Albert G. Moat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-03-31 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Edition of Microbial Physiology retains the logical, easy-to-follow organization of the previous editions. An introduction to cell structure and synthesis of cell components is provided, followed by detailed discussions of genetics, metabolism, growth, and regulation for anyone wishing to understand the mechanisms underlying cell survival and growth. This comprehensive reference approaches the subject from a modern molecular genetic perspective, incorporating new insights gained from various genome projects.
