Download or read book Mission Drift in Indian Micro Finance Institutions an Empirical Study written by Roy Prasenjit and published by . This book was released on 2023-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction Microfinance has emerged as a tool for creating a financially inclusive society. Ever since the formal banking system showed limited concern towards reaching the poor on the premise that they were non-bankable. Initially, microfinance institutions (MFIs) started within the domain of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). With the passage of time, they expanded to more professional setups which brought competition and refinement in their operations. After substantial growth in the form of outreach their sustainability came to the forefront where along with social performance, financial performance was given equal importance. This led to the emergence of a double bottom line. However, an imbalance between the two, with more focus on financial performance led to the mission drift in the MFIs. The microfinance movement began decades ago which brought about a considerable change to the economic scenario of the poor. MFIs have been highly regarded for helping the poor. Poverty is a multifarious dilemma that causes impoverishment. It has various complexities that need to be eliminated from the root for all-around development. Ever since the dawn of civilization, various social and economic inequalities have occurred and contributed to making an unequal and poverty-driven society. The conventional forms of credit bridge the gap between the lenders and the borrowers which revolutionized trade and commerce
Download or read book The Handbook of Microfinance written by Beatriz Armendariz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Microfinance addresses the gap between clients who are benefiting from access to financial services via MFIs, and the potential market, which remains underserved or untapped. This gap can be attributed to a "mismatch" between what consumers, or potential clients, demand and what MFIs offer in terms of financial products. The scope of the book is wide. It includes successes and failures, main challenges and debates, methodologies for impact evaluation via random trials, leading trends in Asia versus Latin America, main efforts in Africa, the importance of value chains in Central America, ethical and gender issues, savings, microinsurance, governance, commercialization trends and the potential advantages and disadvantages of it. Lastly it features main lessons from informal finance and 19th-century credit cooperatives addressing the above-mentioned mismatch.
Download or read book Mission Drift in Microfinance written by Prasenjit Roy and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years mission drift (MD) is one of the most discussed aspects in the sphere of microfinance. Numerous evidence worldwide supports the claim of MD in the Micro Financing Institutions (MFIs) though from time to time it has been misinterpreted to profit orientation and commercialization. Since achieving double bottom line objectives has been growing a challenge for MFIs, it is important to assess the aspect of MD with empirical tests. This paper while assessing the performance of Indian MFIs tries to examine the state of MD over a period of five years i.e. 2008-09 to 2012-13 by considering a sample of 41 young and mature organizations out of the total reported MFIs found in the international database. The social performance over the years indicates gross loan portfolio has increased (143 percent) by overshadowing the outreach growth in terms of breadth (44 percent) which resulted in an increased loan size, a sign of MD. However, the poor return on assets and increasing cost per loan (13 percent) indicates otherwise. So, by employing percentile technique, the MD ratios for these MFIs a reality check has been made for the study period. This analysis reveals the fact that 27 MFIs out of 41 are drifting from its mission in 2013 as compared to 20 MFIs in 2009 along with 8 MFIs newly drifted in 2013. The preliminary findings on MD are against the enshrined motive of this sector, which if not handled properly would compromise the social objective of MFIs and as a corollary would inflict serious repercussions on the microfinance industry as a whole.
Download or read book Exploring Mission Drift Dimensions in Indian Micro Finance Institutions written by A. P. Pati and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mission drift in the micro finance industry is becoming an ethical concern on the path of building a financially inclusive society. However, its dimensions and the reasons have not been ascertained conclusively. This paper tries to answer these issues with the help of a filtered dataset comprising 41 Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) in India over a period of five years i.e. 2008-09 and 2012-13. The finding of the study states that there is an unquestionable difference in the operations of the drifted and centered (not-drifted) MFIs. Our study indicates that a growing number of MFIs drifted in recent years i.e. 27 in 2012-13 vs. 23 in 2008-09. Amongst them, more numbers were from the non-NGO sector than the NGO sector, giving an indication of ownership influence. We also found that both cost inefficiency and profit motive were responsible; however, for many of the MFIs the inference was unclear. Further, legal status and sustainability of MFIs have surfaced as being significant factors, explaining variables of mission drift, but other structural variables have also been identified.
Download or read book Microfinance Institutions written by R. Mersland and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on MFI performance is still in its infancy. MFIs are hybrid organizations with dual objectives. Performance studies in microfinance are therefore less straightforward compared to performance studies in traditional banking research. This book contains new MFI performance research by top scholars from across the globe.
Download or read book On Mission Drift in Microfinance Institutions written by Beatriz Armendariz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper sheds light on a poorly understood phenomenon in microfinance which is often referred to as a "mission drift:" A tendency reviewed by numerous microfinance institutions to extend larger average loan sizes in the process of scaling-up. We argue that this phenomenon is not driven by transaction cost minimization alone. Instead, poverty-oriented microfinance institutions could potentially deviate from their mission by extending larger loan sizes neither because of "progressive lending" nor because of "cross-subsidization" but because of the interplay between their own mission, the cost differentials between poor and unbanked wealthier clients, and region-specific characteristics pertaining the heterogeneity of their clientele. In a simple one-period framework we pin-down the conditions under which mission drift can emerge. Our framework shows that there is a thin line between mission drift and cross-subsidization, which in turn makes it difficult for empirical researchers to establish whether a microfinance institution has deviated from its poverty-reduction mission. This paper also suggests that institutions operating in regions which host a relatively small number of very poor individuals might be misleadingly perceived as deviating from their mission. Because existing empirical studies cannot tear apart between mission drift and cross-subsidization, these studies should not guide donors and socially responsible investors pertaining resource allocation across institutions offering financial services to the poor. The difficulty in tearing apart cross-subsidization and mission drift is discussed in light of the contrasting experiences between microfinance institutions operating in Latin America and South Asia.
Download or read book Sustainability of Indian Microfinance Institutions written by Nadiya Marakkath and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although 'doing good' is our innate nature, we often get lost in the complexities and view goodness as a distant dream. Making this dream of goodness a reality is often thwarted by thoughts surrounding sustainability. Thus, all good initiatives require a focus on sustainability and this has become one of greatest and most formidable challenges faced by any social enterprise. The book documents the understanding of the sustainability of one of the most celebrated forms of social enterprise of our times — Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) gained through a mixed-methods research investigation. It attempts to answer pertinent questions such as: What are the determinant and discriminating factors for the sustainability of MFIs in India? How are these factors being managed by the operationally efficient Indian MFIs that remained sustainable at reasonable interest rates before the onset of the crisis and ceilings imposition in Indian microfinance markets? What does the Indian microfinance crisis teach us about sustainability management and mismanagement? In a nutshell, the answers show that sustainability is a strategic issue that needs managerial attention and not a matter to be left to serendipity. At a time when the industry is recovering from the adverse effects of a crisis and when there are still contentions as to whether the rate fixed by the regulator is enough for the sustenance of the MFIs, the findings mentioned in the book revive the lost hope for the Indian microfinance industry. By deciphering the strategies used by efficient and sustainable MFIs and discussing the lessons that the crisis has imparted to the Indian microfinance markets, this book will enable Indian MFIs to march towards efficient and sustainable operations without losing focus on their clients.
Download or read book Commercial Investments and Mission Drift in Microfinance written by Marc Moser and published by Haupt Verlag AG. This book was released on 2013 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microfinance sector has witnessed various controversies and criticisms recently as a consequence of its commercialization and the related involvement of international investors. Against this background, the qualitative case study reported on examines the perceptions of stakeholders from the Swiss microfinance investment network. How do the various investor-related stakeholder groups perceive the motivation to become engaged in microfinance, the mission drift issue and the current state and potentials of mutual value creation? The findings suggest that common ground on fundamental questions facilitates superior mutual value creation among the investigated stakeholders. Implications include the need for enhanced coordination between private and public stakeholders.
Download or read book Financial Performance and Outreach written by Robert J. Cull and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfinance contracts have proven able to secure high rates of loan repayment in the face of limited liability and information asymmetries, but high repayment rates have not translated easily into profits for most microbanks. Profitability, though, is at the heart of the promise that microfinance can deliver poverty reduction while not relying on ongoing subsidy. The authors examine why this promise remains unmet for most institutions. Using a data set with unusually high quality financial information on 124 institutions in 49 countries, they explore the patterns of profitability, loan repayment, and cost reduction. The authors find that institutional design and orientation matter substantially. Lenders that do not use group-based methods to overcome incentive problems experience weaker portfolio quality and lower profit rates when interest rates are raised substantially. For these individual-based lenders, one key to achieving profitability is investing more heavily in staff costs-a finding consistent with the economics of information but contrary to the conventional wisdom that profitability is largely a function of minimizing cost.
Download or read book Performance And Sustainability Of Microfinance Institutions In India written by Zohra Bi and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfinance in India has been viewed as a development tool which would alleviate poverty and enhance growth of the country through financial inclusion. A large number of households are excluded from banking and financial services. With the Andhra crisis of MFI's and issues that MFI's have a mission drift, the aim is to study the performance and efficiency of microfinance institutions and its contribution to the Indian economy. The role of commercial banks in bringing about financial inclusion is also studied. A sample of MFI in India have been selected based on their ratings given by microfinance information exchange (MIX) for the study. The performance of these sample MFIs as well as their performance with respect to commercial banks in India have been studied using statistically tools. Based on the analysis, the performance of MFI's & their impact on financial inclusion is studied in this research paper.
Download or read book The Role of Incentive Mix to Prevent Mission Drift in Microfinance written by Mohammad Zainuddin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfinance institutions are often considered hybrid organizations with 'double bottom line' as they integrate both social and commercial aims in the organizational core. This joint pursuit of social impact and financial sustainability not only creates tensions and dilemmas at the institutional level, but also introduces the possibilities of mission drift -- forsaking social mission to achieve profitability. A number of microfinance organizations have shifted to prioritize their business venture over social welfare in search of increased revenues. Hence, sustaining commitments to both objectives and countering pressure to compromise on social mission constitute a key management challenge. Microfinance managers need to simultaneously demonstrate both social and economic competence. In addition, the constant involvement and commitment of employees, particularly loan officers, need to be ensured through appropriate motivation mechanisms. Managers must adequately maintain and reinforce the motivated workforce through an enriched incentive mix. In the microfinance sector, the incentive systems set up for employees can potentially contribute to mission drift. Monetary incentives based on financial criteria may lead employees to grant excessive loans and push clients into over-indebtedness. Moreover, prosocial motivation of loan officers can be crowded-out by financial incentives. The size of the incentives can also have an impact as the crowding-out effect has been found when the financial incentive is large, and in some cases, when it is small. However, discarding the financial incentives altogether is not an option as it would not only make the job less attractive but may also put the growth and sustainability of the organization at risk. Therefore, a right mix among different categories of incentives, along with a proper balance between extrinsic and intrinsic incentives, is crucial in order to prevent the risk of mission drift. This empirical study, which is designed as a sequential explanatory research, is undertaken to critically examine the incentive schemes management use to motivate microfinance employees to deal with the social-financial dilemma. Besides practical significance, the research may potentially contribute to literatures of both microfinance and employee motivation.
Download or read book Changing Contours of Microfinance in India written by Jayadev M. and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-12 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together empirical evidences and theoretical perspectives to provide a comprehensive overview of the microfinance sector in India. The essays in the volume: focus on the application of information and communication technology (ICT) solutions in microfinance institutions to strengthen the savings movement and widen credit access to the poor and marginalized sections of society; present case studies on self-help group (SHG) movements, federations and SHG-Bank Linkage programmes; propose measures for strengthening regulatory and governance structures of the microfinance sector; and identify linkages between overall financial inclusion and the contribution of microfinance institutions (MFIs). The volume will be indispensable for scholars and researchers of microeconomics, South Asian economics and development economics as well as professionals and aspirants in the microfinance, rural banking and financial inclusion sectors.
Download or read book Transforming Microfinance Institutions written by Joanna Ledgerwood and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a clear need by low-income people to gain access to the full range of financial services including savings, a growing number of microfinance NGOs are seeking guidelines to transform from credit-focused microfinance organizations to regulated deposit-taking financial intermediaries. In response to this trend, this book presents a practical 'how-to' manual for MFIs to develop the capacity to become licensed and regulated to mobilize deposits from the public. 'Transforming Microfinance Institutions' provides guidelines for regulators to license and regulate microfinance providers, and for transforming MFIs to meet the demands of two major new stakeholders regulators and shareholders. As such, it focuses on developing the capacity of NGO MFIs to mobilize and intermediate voluntary savings. Drawing from worldwide experience, it outlines how to manage the transformation process and address major strategic and operational issues inherent in transformation including competitive positioning, business planning, accessing capital and shareholders, and how to 'transform' the MFI's human resources, financial management, MIS, internal controls, and branch operations. Case studies then provide examples of developing a new regulatory tier for microfinance, and how a Ugandan NGO transformed to become a licensed financial intermediary. This book will be invaluable to regulators and microfinance NGOs contemplating institutional transformation and will be of tremendous use to donors and technical support agencies supporting MFIs in their transformation.
Download or read book Social Purpose Commercialization and Innovations in Microfinance written by Md Aslam Mia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses three key aspects of microfinancing, namely social purpose, commercialization and innovations and examines, through a global perspective, how these aspects helped and diverted microfinance institutions towards the attainment of their dual goals over the last twenty years. Since microfinance remains informal in nature for most economies, not all financial innovations are suitable for its needs. Hence, the arguments in the book put forth an important challenge to the advocates of innovations and subsequently highlight why MFIs should be cautious when integrating innovations to ensure its original promise. The book is based on empirical analysis by utilising the latest and global microfinance market data, rather than focusing on a specific region. Thus, the book bridges a gap in knowledge by unravelling detail of the social purpose, commercialization and innovations within the field of microfinance and will be a valuable resource for those exploring the dynamics of innovations in microfinance.
Download or read book Women s Entrepreneurship and Microfinance written by Chiranjib Neogi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a critical perspective on the issues related to women’s empowerment, microfinance, and entrepreneurship in India. Written by distinguishing experts in this field, this book highlights women’s empowerment, which is a process of entrusting power to an individual on the control over resources and decisions. However, these two factors are less effective in a society where religion and cultural dominance is high. The book sheds light on the social security measures undertaken by the government aiming to the right to work helped women who are bounded by social restrictions. Over time there is a shift in rural occupational structure towards non-farm activities, which is largely distress driven self-employment. Access to credit is a great source to provide self-employment that develops self-esteem among women and uplift their position. The book highlights the discrimination against women entrepreneurs in access to credit led to gender biased entrepreneurial society. Association with self-help groups (SHGs) has made women more socially empowered. SHG members help them to change their life in a positive manner through micro-entrepreneurial activities. The book has emphasized on the role of microfinance, which has served the poor to become financially self-reliant. It is observed that for second generation borrowers, the impact of microfinance seems to fizzle out, where MFIs who are gaining efficiency are diverting their objective of servicing poor, signalling a sign of mission drift.
Download or read book Reaching the Poorest written by International Movement ATD Fourth World and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes experiences in reaching marginalized communities in situations of chronic poverty, as part of ATD Fourth World & the Permanent Forum on Extreme Poverty in the World. It presents seven case studies (Burkina Faso, Guatemala, Haiti, Canada, Peru, Thailand & Uganda) & the lessons to be learned from them, with each illustrating steps taken, difficulties encountered, entry points found, some success factors & key results obtained.
Download or read book The Triangle of Microfinance written by Manfred Zeller and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980s when the microfinance revolution began, much has been accomplished, but the field became more refined in the 1990s as a result of shifts in paradigms, strategies, and development practices. This volume addresses the three policy objectives that now occupy those who wish to use credit as a development tool: financial sustainability of microfinance institutions, outreach to the poor, and welfare impact. Inevitable tradeoffs exist among these objectives, and the book advances an analytical framework that assists students of and experts in microfinance to identify the tradeoffs and synergies at the institutional level and in the policy environment. The book features a wealth of empirical data and innovative analytical studies, and critically discusses the role of public support for microfinance institutions (MFIs) in light of the social costs and benefits generated by such financial systems. The book is organized into five parts. The first discusses the demand for and access to financial services by the poor, emphasizing that demand-oriented, pro-poor financial services are crucial in reaching the poor. The second is concerned with two of the criteria used to evaluate MFIsoutreach and financial sustainability. The third features innovative econometric studies seeking to evaluate the impact of MFIs at the household level. The fourth looks at the role of both public- and private-sector institutions in developing sustainable financial systems. And the fifth summarizes implications for policy and research. Given the lack of sound, empirical literature on microfinance, this volume is sure to advance knowledge and research methodology in the field.
