Download or read book Mirror Image Asymmetry written by James P. Riehl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the importance and consequences of asymmetry from molecules to the macroscopic world As scientists have become more capable of probing the structure of three-dimensional objects at the molecular level, the need to understand the concept and the consequences of mirror-image asymmetry—chirality—has increased enormously. Written at an introductory level, Mirror-Image Asymmetry provides an overview of the importance and effects of asymmetry from the atomic and molecular world of physics and chemistry to the organisms and structures that we see and use in our everyday life. The reader will develop a broad appreciation of three-dimensional asymmetry from the microscopic molecular world to the macroscopic world of handedness, automobile driving, windmills, sports, and similar phenomena. The book features: An introduction to basic definitions and the nomenclature of asymmetric and dissymmetric molecules Up-to-date examples of the importance and consequences of asymmetry in modern drug applications, current theories of the origin of asymmetry in nature, and examples of molecular asymmetry in smell, taste, and insect communication Many illustrations, chemical structures, and photographs that enable the reader to connect the actual asymmetrical structures to the different phenomena that depend on structural asymmetry In the 150 years since Louis Pasteur discovered asymmetry in molecular structures, scientists have made great progress in understanding how interactions between chiral molecules influence biochemical processes. This knowledge is leading to very sophisticated asymmetric synthetic techniques that have greatly benefitted many research groups especially those in the pharmaceutical industry. This guide to the role of molecular and macroscopic chirality will inspire students and scientists in chemistry, biology, physics, and drug discovery.
Download or read book On Chirality and the Universal Asymmetry written by Georges H. Wagnière and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until half a century ago, it was assumed that the forces of nature were symmetric and that they did not distinguish between right and left, between image and mirror image. The discovery of the violation of parity in 1956 was more than a sensation, for some it was a shock. It implied that the universe displays handedness, or chirality, and that it is fundamentally asymmetric. Remarkably, a most striking asymmetry is encountered in the realm of biology. Living organisms contain proteins built almost exclusively from L-amino acids, and nucleic acids derived from D-sugars only. Yet a mirror-image biochemistry, based on D-amino acids and L-sugars is, from a purely chemical standpoint, entirely conceivable. Where, then, does this extraordinary natural selectivity come from? Is it directly, or indirectly, connected to the universal violation of parity? This book is meant as a brief review of the various manifestations of handedness, or chirality, in the universe. It does not attempt to present a solution to basic questions which perhaps will never be unambiguously and conclusively answered. Rather, it is an excursion through nature, to observe and recognize how the chirality manifests itself at different structural levels. The excursion starts in the chemistry and physics laboratory. Then a journey into outer space and back in time is undertaken. After a return to our planet Earth, the focus is on the development of living organisms. The text should be accessible to anyone having the equivalent of a first-year university instruction in physics and chemistry. It is also hoped that a layperson with a more modest scientific formation may gain a general impression of the basic asymmetry in nature and of the fundamental significance of chirality. Mathematical expressions, wherever they occur, may then be overlooked. Some more difficult sections may be skipped. A Glossary preceding the Subject Index should be helpful.
Download or read book ORGANIC CHEMISTRY written by R.C. SARASWAT and published by Ram Prasad Publications(R.P.H.). This book was released on with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Arenes and Aromaticity : Benzene and its Derivatives 2. Arenes and Aromaticity : Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution 3. Arenes and Aromaticity : Orientation in Benzene Ring 4. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds-I [Concepts of Isomerism & Types of Isomerism] 4. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds-II [Geometrical and Conformational Isomerism] 5. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 6. Alkyl Halides 7. Dienes and Alkynes 8. Structure and Bonding 9. Dienes & Alkynes 10. Alkenes & Cycloalkenes 11. Types of Reagents 12. Aryl Halides
Download or read book Breast Imaging written by Daniel B. Kopans and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2007 with total page 1135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Kopans' best-selling text and reference on breast imaging is now in its thoroughly revised, updated Third Edition. The author combines a complete, superbly illustrated atlas of imaging findings with a comprehensive text that covers all imaging modalities and addresses all aspects of breast imaging--including breast anatomy, histology, physiology, pathology, breast cancer staging, and preoperative localization of occult lesions. This edition includes state-of-the-art information on a new modality, breast tomosynthesis, as well as on digital mammography, MRI, ultrasound, and percutaneous breast biopsy. The book contains more than 1,500 images obtained with the latest technology, including many new mammograms and scans using other imaging modalities. FEATURES: - Information on anatomy, histology, physiology, pathology, breast cancer staging, and preoperative localization of occult lesions - Discusses breast disease from a wider viewpoint than just how to perform and interpret mammography NEW TO THIS EDITION: - Digital mammography - Major revisions in the MRI, ultrasound, and interventional sections - Updated figures included in this edition - Updated information on MR, US, and percutaneous breast biopsy
Download or read book Asymmetry in Plants written by Bir Bahadur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants exhibit forms of asymmetry analogous to "handedness" in bilaterally symmetrical animals. This book explores the evolutionary significance and development of asymmetry. Examples of genetic control include the direction of tendril or stem coiling of many climbing plants; the so-called spiral phyllotaxy and floral taxy; and contorted petal arrangement is another kind of left- right symmetry in plants; the direction of contortion is fixed in some but not in other plants. The book will underscore tha all phenomena related to handedness start during embryogenesis itself, with the occurrence of embryo rotation. Key selling features: First consolidated book on Plant Handedness Relates handedness, asymmetry and chirality to the evolution of different organizational levels in plant biology Emphasizes handedness as a vital governing force in plant functional evolution Provides a new perspective, hitherto ignored, into plant developemtn and evolution Describes how an age-old phenomenon can give scope for investigation from a very modern interdisciplinary approach
Download or read book Organic Chemistry part 2 of 3 written by Richard Daley and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2005-08-08 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is where you, the student, have an introduction to organic chemistry. Regular time spent in learning these concepts will make your work here both easier and more fun.
Download or read book Symmetry As A Developmental Principle In Nature And Art written by Werner Hahn and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-10-16 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking beyond the boundaries of various disciplines, the author demonstrates that symmetry is a fascinating phenomenon which provides endless stimulation and challenges. He explains that it is possible to readapt art to the sciences, and vice versa, by means of an evolutionary concept of symmetry. Many pictorial examples are included to enable the reader to fully understand the issues discussed. Based on the artistic evidence that the author has collected, he proposes that the new ars evolutoria can function as an example for the sciences.The book is divided into three distinct parts, each one focusing on a special issue. In Part I, the phenomenon of symmetry, including its discovery and meaning is reviewed. The author looks closely at how Vitruvius, Polyclitus, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Augustine, Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci and Durer viewed symmetry. This is followed by an explanation on how the concept of symmetry developed. The author further discusses symmetry as it appears in art and science, as well as in the modern age. Later, he expounds the view of symmetry as an evolutionary concept which can lead to a new unity of science. In Part II, he covers the points of contact between the form-developing process in nature and art. He deals with biological questions, in particular evolution.The collection of new and precise data on perception and knowledge with regard to the postulated reality of symmetry leads to further development of the evolutionary theory of symmetry in Part III. The author traces the enormous treasure of observations made in nature and culture back to a few underlying structural principles. He demonstrates symmetry as a far-reaching, leading, structuring, causal element of evolution, as the idea lying behind nature and culture. Numerous controllable reproducible double-mirror experiments on a new stereoscopic vision verify a symmetrization theory of perception.
Download or read book Organic Chemistry written by Luke Bell & Ash Copeland and published by Scientific e-Resources. This book was released on 2018-02-04 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry that involves the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives, these compounds may contain any number of other elements, including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens as well as phosphorus, silicon and sulphur. Organic compounds are structurally diverse and the range of application of organic compounds is enormous. Organic Chemistry provides an easy access to the core information in the field and makes a comprehensive approach to disseminate information in a clear and systematic manner. The book is presented and organized in a way to discourage students from rote learning. It covers all the topics in Organic Chemistry which are normally included in the syllabi of Indian universities for undergraduate courses. Special emphasis has been given to the basic concepts viz. acids and bases, hybridization and resonance. Though, the study of Organic Chemistry may be complex, it is very important in everyday life. Although many books on the subject are available in the market, yet, there is a dearth. Hence this humble effort, will hopefully prove to be beneficial for all concerned readers.
Download or read book Lucifer s Legacy written by Frank Close and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published: Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Download or read book Image and Reality written by Alan J. Rocke and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-05-15 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nineteenth-century chemists were faced with a particular problem: how to depict the atoms and molecules that are beyond the direct reach of our bodily senses. In visualizing this microworld, these scientists were the first to move beyond high-level philosophical speculations regarding the unseen. In Image and Reality, Alan Rocke focuses on the community of organic chemists in Germany to provide the basis for a fuller understanding of the nature of scientific creativity. Arguing that visual mental images regularly assisted many of these scientists in thinking through old problems and new possibilities, Rocke uses a variety of sources, including private correspondence, diagrams and illustrations, scientific papers, and public statements, to investigate their ability to not only imagine the invisibly tiny atoms and molecules upon which they operated daily, but to build detailed and empirically based pictures of how all of the atoms in complicated molecules were interconnected. These portrayals of “chemical structures,” both as mental images and as paper tools, gradually became an accepted part of science during these years and are now regarded as one of the central defining features of chemistry. In telling this fascinating story in a manner accessible to the lay reader, Rocke also suggests that imagistic thinking is often at the heart of creative thinking in all fields. Image and Reality is the first book in the Synthesis series, a series in the history of chemistry, broadly construed, edited by Angela N. H. Creager, John E. Lesch, Stuart W. Leslie, Lawrence M. Principe, Alan Rocke, E.C. Spary, and Audra J. Wolfe, in partnership with the Chemical Heritage Foundation.
Download or read book The Ambidextrous Universe written by Martin Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Vision written by Li Zhaoping and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision science has grown hugely in the past decades, but there have been few books showing readers how to adopt a computional approach to understanding visual perception, along with the underlying mechanisms in the brain. This book explains the computational principles and models of biological visual processing, and in particular, primate vision.
Download or read book Asymmetry written by Lisa Halliday and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A TIME and NEW YORK TIMES TOP 10 BOOK of the YEAR * New York Times Notable Book and Times Critic’s Top Book of 2018 NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF 2018 BY * Elle * Bustle * Kirkus Reviews * Lit Hub* NPR * O, The Oprah Magazine * Shelf Awareness The bestselling and critically acclaimed debut novel by Lisa Halliday, hailed as “extraordinary” by The New York Times, “a brilliant and complex examination of power dynamics in love and war” by The Wall Street Journal, and “a literary phenomenon” by The New Yorker. Told in three distinct and uniquely compelling sections, Asymmetry explores the imbalances that spark and sustain many of our most dramatic human relations: inequities in age, power, talent, wealth, fame, geography, and justice. The first section, “Folly,” tells the story of Alice, a young American editor, and her relationship with the famous and much older writer Ezra Blazer. A tender and exquisite account of an unexpected romance that takes place in New York during the early years of the Iraq War, “Folly” also suggests an aspiring novelist’s coming-of-age. By contrast, “Madness” is narrated by Amar, an Iraqi-American man who, on his way to visit his brother in Kurdistan, is detained by immigration officers and spends the last weekend of 2008 in a holding room in Heathrow. These two seemingly disparate stories gain resonance as their perspectives interact and overlap, with yet new implications for their relationship revealed in an unexpected coda. A stunning debut from a rising literary star, Asymmetry is “a transgressive roman a clef, a novel of ideas, and a politically engaged work of metafiction” (The New York Times Book Review), and a “masterpiece” in the original sense of the word” (The Atlantic). Lisa Halliday’s novel will captivate any reader with while also posing arresting questions about the very nature of fiction itself.
Download or read book A Textbook of Organic Chemistry 4th Edition written by Tewari, K.S. & Vishnoi, N.K. and published by Vikas Publishing House. This book was released on with total page 1429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this edition, the subject matter of this well-known book has been reorganized with integration of the study of aliphatic and aromatic compounds on the basis of functional groups, laying emphasis on the mechanistic aspects. Special emphasis has been laid on the mechanism and electronic interpretation of the reactions of different classes of compounds, bringing out the salient points of difference in the properties of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. With its very comprehensive coverage, the book will not only be useful to the UG and PG students of chemistry but also IIT/NEET aspirants.
Download or read book Advances in Asymmetric Autocatalysis and Related Topics written by Gyula Palyi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Asymmetric Autocatalysis and Related Topics provides various viewpoints on the important developments in asymmetric autocatalysis that have occurred in the past few years, also including brand new information in the field. Asymmetric autocatalysis is a chemical reaction which leads from achiral starting materials to chiral products, and in which the product accelerates its own formation reaction (conventional catalysis) and promotes the prevalence of its own chiral configuration (asymmetric induction). The combination of these two effects in the same reaction was unprecedented before 1995 when it was first described by Kenso SOAI at the Tokyo University of Science. Since then, several new combinations of this effect have been found, most intriguingly the possibility of absolute asymmetric synthesis, which is the spontaneous formation of the excess of one of the enantiomers of the product, a dream of organic chemists for more than a century. The book contains expert-contributed chapters that describe the most exciting recent developments in the field of the Soai reaction and in related topics, ranging from mechanistic studies and theoretical research, to very practical problems in chiral syntheses and products. Features contributions from global experts, including several chapters from Kenso Soai and expert colleagues Focuses on recent developments in the field of asymmetric autocatalysis and newly reported findings Explores the Soai reaction, new developments, and the light it sheds on homochirality in certain biomolecules
Download or read book Biomedical Image Registration written by James C. Gee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-13 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd International Workshop on Biomedical Image Registration (WBIR) was held June 23–24, 2003, at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Following the success of the ?rst workshop in Bled, Slovenia, this meeting aimed to once again bring together leading researchers in the area of biomedical image registration to present and discuss recent developments in the ?eld. Thetheory,implementationandapplicationofimageregistrationinmedicine have become major themes in nearly every scienti?c forum dedicated to image processingandanalysis. Thisintenseinterestre?ectsthe?eld’simportantrolein theconductofabroadandcontinuallygrowingrangeofstudies. Indeed,thete- niques have enabled some of the most exciting contemporary developments in the clinical and research application of medical imaging, including fusion of m- timodality data to assist clinical interpretation; change detection in longitudinal studies; brain shift modeling to improve anatomic localization in neurosurgical procedures; cardiac motion quanti?cation; construction of probabilistic atlases of organ structure and function; and large-scale phenotyping in animal models. WBIR was conceived to provide the burgeoning community of investigators in biomedical image registration an opportunity to share, discuss and stimulate developments in registration research and application at a meeting exclusively devoted to the topic. The format of this year’s workshop consisted of invited talks, author presentations and ample opportunities for discussion, the latter including an elegant reception and dinner hosted at the Mutter ̈ Museum. A representation of the best work in the ?eld, selected by peer review from full manuscripts,waspresentedinsingle-tracksessions. Thepapers,whichaddressed the full diversity of registration topics, are reproduced in this volume, along with enlightening essays by some of the invited speakers.
Download or read book The Mystery to a Solution written by John T. Irwin and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irwin mirrors the aesthetic impact of the genre by creating in his study the dynamics of a detective story--the uncovering of mysteries, the accumulation of evidence, the tracing of clues, and the final solution that ties it all together.
