Download or read book Minimum Income Levels and Income Equivalence Scales written by John Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variable Income Equivalence Scales written by Carsten Schröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.1 A Brief Overview An extensive body of empirical and theoretical literature deals with the mea surement of social welfare. This body can be decomposed in several different but related topics, all of which have implications for empirical studies in wel fare economics. One of these topics are household equivalence scales which help to compare welfare levels across households that differ in composition. An equivalence scale relates the income of any arbitrary household type to the income ofa referencehouseholdsuch that both households are equally well-off. Differences in household needs arise from differences in the households' de mographic composition which is, for instance, given by the number, age, and sex of the household members. The increase of household needs is not neces sarily proportional to the increase in the number of household members. Such a non-proportionality, for example, results from differences in the needs of adults and children, economies ofscale arising from the division of fixed costs among the household members, welfare gains from household production, and from common consumption ofcommodities bearing a within-household public good component.
Download or read book Noncash Income Equivalence Scales and the Measurement of Economic Well being written by Daniel B. Radner and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Setting Adequacy Standards written by John Veit-Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Setting minimum income standards is yet again on the political agenda in the UK. This study reports on how the governments of 10 countries around the world set their minimum standards, against which the minimum wage and social security levels are evaluated.
Download or read book Informational Content of Equivalence Scales Based on Minimum Needs Income written by Andrew Grodner and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uniform equivalence scales are routinely used for welfare comparisons and require that utility function is IB/ESE (independent of base/equivalent scale exact). This condition itself requires restrictions on the level of measurability and interpersonal comparability of preferences across households, so called informational basis, in that welfare ordering must be Ordinal and Fully Comparable (OFC). We show that if one calculates equivalence scale at particular utility level, for example households living in poverty, the informational basis is much weaker and requires full comparability only at a single point. For this purpose we introduce the axiom of Ordinal Local Comparability (OLC) and show that equivalence scale based on Minimum Needs Income is consistent with that axiom. We argue that subjective equivalence scale using the intersection method offers practical application of equivalence scale consistent with OLC.
Download or read book Lower Incomes written by Great Britain. Royal Commission on the Distribution of Income and Wealth and published by Stationery Office Books (TSO). This book was released on 1978 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report presented to parliament on income distribution with respect to low incomes in the UK - analyses the present position and trends in the levels of family budgets and household incomes, with particular reference to income tax, price index development, social security benefits, sociological aspects, etc. Diagrams, graphs references and statistical tables.
Download or read book Noncash Income Equivalence Scales and the Measurement of Economic Well Being written by Daniel B. Radner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little attention has been paid to the importance of consistency between the specifications of the income and the equivalence scales used in measuring economic well-being when noncash income is included in the definition of income. This article finds that inconsistency between the income and needs sides of a comparison can be important when some types of noncash income are included. An upward bias in the measured economic status of the aged when Medicare is included in income and an ordinary equivalence scale is used is presented as an example of the important effects of this consistency problem.
Download or read book Noncash Income Equivalence Scales and the Measurement of Economic Well Being written by Daniel B. Radner and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic well-being of subgroups of the population usually is measured by comparing resources and needs. The measure of resources often includes noncash income. Equivalence scales are used to adjust for differential needs. Little attention, however, has been paid to the desirability of consistency between the specifications of the resources and the equivalence scales in these comparisons. This exploratory paper suggests that a lack of consistency between the definitions used on the income and the needs sides can be important for the assessment of the economic well-being of subgroups when some types of noncash income are included in the definition of income. The measured economic status of the aged in the United States when Medicare noncash income is included in the definition of income is used as an example of this consistency problem. Some previous estimates have used equivalence scales that probably understated the relative needs of the aged by omitting needs associated with Medicare. The measured economic well-being of the aged relative to that of other age groups could be overestimated substantially as a result of this consistency problem. The basic problem is not confined to the treatment of Medicare or to the United States, but is much broader in nature.
Download or read book The Direct Measurement of Welfare Levels written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factfulness written by Hans Rosling and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “One of the most important books I’ve ever read—an indispensable guide to thinking clearly about the world.” – Bill Gates “Hans Rosling tells the story of ‘the secret silent miracle of human progress’ as only he can. But Factfulness does much more than that. It also explains why progress is so often secret and silent and teaches readers how to see it clearly.” —Melinda Gates "Factfulness by Hans Rosling, an outstanding international public health expert, is a hopeful book about the potential for human progress when we work off facts rather than our inherent biases." - Former U.S. President Barack Obama Factfulness: The stress-reducing habit of only carrying opinions for which you have strong supporting facts. When asked simple questions about global trends—what percentage of the world’s population live in poverty; why the world’s population is increasing; how many girls finish school—we systematically get the answers wrong. So wrong that a chimpanzee choosing answers at random will consistently outguess teachers, journalists, Nobel laureates, and investment bankers. In Factfulness, Professor of International Health and global TED phenomenon Hans Rosling, together with his two long-time collaborators, Anna and Ola, offers a radical new explanation of why this happens. They reveal the ten instincts that distort our perspective—from our tendency to divide the world into two camps (usually some version of us and them) to the way we consume media (where fear rules) to how we perceive progress (believing that most things are getting worse). Our problem is that we don’t know what we don’t know, and even our guesses are informed by unconscious and predictable biases. It turns out that the world, for all its imperfections, is in a much better state than we might think. That doesn’t mean there aren’t real concerns. But when we worry about everything all the time instead of embracing a worldview based on facts, we can lose our ability to focus on the things that threaten us most. Inspiring and revelatory, filled with lively anecdotes and moving stories, Factfulness is an urgent and essential book that will change the way you see the world and empower you to respond to the crises and opportunities of the future. --- “This book is my last battle in my life-long mission to fight devastating ignorance...Previously I armed myself with huge data sets, eye-opening software, an energetic learning style and a Swedish bayonet for sword-swallowing. It wasn’t enough. But I hope this book will be.” Hans Rosling, February 2017.
Download or read book Identifying the Poor written by Karel van den Bosch and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines whether and how subjective information can be used for the identification of the poor and the determination of the poverty line. Includes a review of the theoretical and empirical literature and an analysis of survey data from Belgium.
Download or read book What Money Buys written by Lee Rainwater and published by New York : Basic Books. This book was released on 1974-10-31 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the publication of this masterly new book, David Shapiro fulfills the promise made more than twenty years ago. "Psychotherapy of Neurotic Character" presents for the first time an approach to psychotherapy consistent with his classic work, "Neurotic Styles."
Download or read book Equivalence Scales the Income Distribution and Federal Taxes written by Roberton Williams and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poor Kids in a Rich Country written by Lee Rainwater and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2003-12-03 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Poor Kids in a Rich Country, Lee Rainwater and Timothy Smeeding ask what it means to be poor in a prosperous nation - especially for any country's most vulnerable citizens, its children. In comparing the situation of American children in low-income families with their counterparts in fourteen other countries—including Western Europe, Australia, and Canada—they provide a powerful perspective on the dynamics of child poverty in the United States. Based on the rich data available from the transnational Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), Poor Kids in a Rich Country puts child poverty in the United States in an international context. Rainwater and Smeeding find that while the child poverty rate in most countries has been relatively stable over the past 30 years, child poverty has increased markedly in the United States and Britain—two of the world's wealthiest countries. The book delves into the underlying reasons for this difference, examining the mix of earnings and government transfers, such as child allowances, sickness and maternity benefits, unemployment insurance, and other social assistance programs that go into the income packages available to both single- and dual-parent families in each country. Rainwater and Smeeding call for policies to make it easier for working parents to earn a decent living while raising their children—policies such as parental leave, childcare support, increased income supports for working poor families, and a more socially oriented education policy. They make a convincing argument that our definition of poverty should not be based solely on the official poverty line—that is, the minimum income needed to provide a certain level of consumption—but on the social and economic resources necessary for full participation in society. Combining a wealth of empirical data on international poverty levels with a thoughtful new analysis of how best to use that data, Poor Kids in a Rich Country will provide an essential tool for researchers and policymakers who make decisions about child and family policy.
Download or read book Interpersonal Comparisons of Well Being written by Jon Elster and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-07-30 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constituting the most advanced and comprehensive treatment of one of the cardinal issues in social theory, a diverse group of social scientists address the problems, principles and practices involved in comparing the well-being of different individuals.
Download or read book The Perception of Poverty written by A.J.M. Hagenaars and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attempt to define, measure and explain poverty is presented in this volume by means of a newly developed theoretical model. A combination of theory and empirical application is achieved by using the theoretical model on a sizeable data set derived from an extensive survey conducted in eight European countries. The nature of poverty is thereby empirically defined (and not a priori) as being the income level at which households feel that their income is just between sufficient and insufficient.An aggregate poverty index, associated with this poverty line definition, is calculated for each country and for subgroups within each country.Conclusions for social policy are drawn, describing which groups are at especially high risk of entering poverty, and who therefore need more specific policies. It is also discussed to what extent economic growth will eliminate poverty and which alternative measures are available.
Download or read book Poverty and Economic Inequality in Industrialized Western Societies written by Nico Keilman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises 13 papers which discuss poverty and economic inequality in industrialized Western countries.
