Download or read book Minimization of Energy Costs Considering Demand Charge Under Time of Use and Real Time Pricing Policies written by Jose Carlos Batista Abikarram and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Industries are aware of the costs of high electricity consumption and its impact on the environment. Therefore, significant focus is given on how to reduce the consumption of electricity to lower both the carbon footprint and the cost of electricity. There are two ways of reducing manufacturing electricity costs. One consists of reducing the total demand by having more efficient machines, and the other focuses on minimizing costs in response to pricing structures set by energy companies. These pricing structures change depending on several factors including geographic location. In parts of the United States these structures consist of both a consumption charge, which is related to the total amount of energy consumed, and a demand charge, which is a separate charge for the highest average power consumed per a given time window. Consideration for both time-dependent consumption charges and demand charges, when planning a production schedule (e.g. parallel machine scenario), can reduce the total cost of electricity. In this study, a mathematical optimization model is developed wherein the consideration of demand charges in a specific parallel machine scenario allows a 21% reduction in total electricity cost in contrast to the consideration of consumption charges only. Additionally, the model allows for the exploration of the cost implications of changing different parameters, such as the number of machines, time to finish the jobs, and the price of the demand charge. The results provide a better understanding on how demand charges and the inclusion of more than one machine in the model affect the schedule of a flow shop if energy costs are to be minimized."--Abstract.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Scheduling with Penalty Costs Labor Costs and Volatile Electricity Prices written by Nithin Reddy Nallamadhi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manufacturing sector is consuming the high amount of energy at a rapid pace which is leading to energy crisis as well as affecting the environment by the emission of carbon footprints. So, there is a practical interest and necessity to reduce the greenhouse gases and use the energy efficiently. Production scheduling techniques has been in practice from many decades in order to minimize the overall cost involved in the production and use the resources effectively. In the recent times energy efficient scheduling technique has come into use where the major goal is reducing the energy usage involved in the production which would ultimately reduce the overall production cost. Utility companies implement various policies like time of use, real time pricing, critical time pricing, seasonal pricing etc., based on the firms which could be taken advantage of in order to use the energy efficiently. In this energy efficient scheduling the jobs were scheduling on the machines during the low pricing periods with minimum effect on the due dates as well as the labor costs. A mathematical model was proposed in this research which minimize the overall production costs which includes electricity consumption charge, demand charge, penalty costs and labor costs. The validation of the proposed model is verified using various case studies and the results have proven the inclusion of the penalty costs and labors costs would reduce the overall costs incurred.

Download or read book Techno economic Methods for Analyzing the Energetic and Economic Effects of Solar Storage and Demand Response written by Arkasama Bandyopadhyay and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing population, changing climate, urbanization, and rising economic activities have led to an overall increase in electricity demand. Maintaining the balance between supply and this increasing demand often necessitates the usage of old, inefficient, and environmentally-polluting generators as well as the construction of expensive generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure. Demand response initiatives (e.g. time-varying electricity prices) and distributed energy resources (DERs), like solar photovoltaic panels and onsite energy storage systems, can help offset a portion of this demand while simultaneously reducing harmful emissions. DERs additionally provide a variety of value streams including peak load reduction, energy arbitrage, real time price dispatch, demand charge reduction, congestion management, voltage support, etc. The impact of price-based demand response and DERs at the electricity distribution level is assessed in this dissertation through the following three studies: (1) quantifying the reduction in 4 coincident peak (4CP) loads and Transmission Cost of Service (TCOS) obligations of electric utilities using local distributed solar and storage, (2) evaluating the peak load reduction/shift potential of time-varying electricity pricing in the residential sector, and (3) investigating the combined energetic and economic potential of DERs and time-varying electricity pricing in the residential sector. When the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) peaks for a single 15-minute interval during each summer month between June and September, the loads of individual Distribution Service Providers (DSPs) in the same time interval are recorded. The averages of these DSP loads, defined as 4CP loads [1], are used to calculate TCOS obligations that each DSP must pay Transmission Service Providers (TSPs) in the next calendar year as compensation for using their transmission infrastructure. First, a generalized tool is built to forecast the change of 4CP loads and corresponding TCOS obligations for electric utilities within ERCOT based on varying amounts of solar and storage capacity. The tool is illustrated by using empirical electricity demand data from the municipally-owned utility in Austin, TX (Austin Energy) and solar generation data from the PVWatts calculator developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. TCOS obligations can be on the order of tens of millions of dollars. Results indicate that solar and storage capacity can substantially lower these payments. For example, a 20 MW increase in local solar capacity in 2018 would reduce Austin Energy’s payment by an estimated $180,000 for each subsequent year. By using the novel approach of incorporating coincident peak demand charge reductions at the distribution level, the economic value of local generation and storage is highlighted. Next, a convex optimization model is developed to analyze the potential for time-varying electricity rate structures to reduce and/or shift peak demand in the residential sector. In this model, a household with four major appliances minimizes electricity costs, with marginally increasing penalties for deviating from temperature set-points or operating appliances at inconvenient times. The four specific appliances included are: heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, electric water heaters (EWHs), electric vehicles (EVs), and pool pumps (PPs). The study incorporates a one-parameter thermal model of the home and the electric water heater, so that the penalties can apply to the room and water temperatures rather than the total appliance loads. Analysis is performed on a community of 100 single-family detached homes in Austin, TX. These homes each host a combination of the four end-use devices while some also have onsite solar panels. Results show that dynamic pricing effectively shifts the residential peak away from the time of overall peak load across the electricity system, but can have the adverse impact of making the residential peak higher. The energy consumption does not differ significantly across the different rate structures. Thus, it can be inferred that the time-varying rates encourage customers to concentrate their electricity demand within low-price hours to the extent possible without incurring significant inconvenience. By incorporating the novel approach of including monetary value of customer behavior in price-based demand response models, this study builds a tool to realistically quantify peak load reduction and shifts in the residential sector. Finally, the convex optimization model is extended to consider larger sets of distributed technologies that might be deployed in homes and investigate how different combinations of these technologies affect peak grid load, energy consumption from the grid, and emissions in the residential sector under time-varying pricing structures. In the model, households with varied amalgamations of distributed energy technologies minimize electricity costs, amortized capital, and operational costs over a year, with marginally increasing penalties for deviating from room temperature set-points. The four technologies considered are: solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, lithium-ion batteries, ice cold thermal energy storage (CTES), and smart thermostats. Results show that from an economic perspective, it is optimal for residential customers to install solar panels under tiered rates, time-of-use rates, and critical peak prices while it is cheapest to own a combination of solar panels and smart thermostats when real-time prices and demand charges are in effect. The capital and installation costs of both storage systems are still too high to make them economically profitable investments for typical residential customers. Additionally, solar panels are the main instruments to reduce energy purchased from the grid and carbon dioxide emissions under all pricing schemes. Adding smart thermostats can reduce these metrics to a greater extent by making the home energy-efficient. Further, while the energetic effect of the two storage systems can be favorable or detrimental depending upon the load profile of the particular household and the pricing structure, lithium-ion batteries are the main instruments to avoid high demand charges by spreading the demand in the home (and power bought from the grid) evenly to the extent possible without incurring significant customer discomfort. Thus, this study recommends that residential customers invest in solar panels and smart thermostats to minimize overall annual expenditure and make their homes environmentally efficient. Further, as an effective peak load control mechanism, electric utilities should offer significant rebates to encourage residential customer investment in storage systems in addition to subjecting them to demand charges. Electricity generation from intermittent renewable energy sources has grown rapidly worldwide. DER installation levels continue to rise with the decline in capital costs of energy storage systems and local renewable generation assets, the growth of supportive government policies, and rising concerns about climate change among the masses. Additionally, electric utilities are increasingly employing demand response initiatives to curtail and/or shift peak demand. As a whole, the body of work developed in this dissertation can be used by electric utilities to make optimal decisions about dynamic rate design and policies for increased DER adoption. It can also be used by residential electricity customers to maneuver their own energy consumption patterns and assess the economic viability of investing in DERs

Download or read book Communications Signal Processing and Systems written by Qilian Liang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems is a collection of contributions coming out of the International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems (CSPS) held August 2012. This book provides the state-of-art developments of Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems, and their interactions in multidisciplinary fields, such as audio and acoustic signal processing. The book also examines Radar Systems, Chaos Systems, Visual Signal Processing and Communications and VLSI Systems and Applications. Written by experts and students in the fields of Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems.

Download or read book Urban Transportation Energy Supply Network written by Xianlong Ge and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Trends in Emerging Complex Real Life Problems written by Patrizia Daniele and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-30 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the contributions of the international conference “Optimization and Decision Science” (ODS2018), which was held at the Hotel Villa Diodoro, Taormina (Messina), Italy on September 10 to 13, 2018, and was organized by AIRO, the Italian Operations Research Society, in cooperation with the DMI (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science) of the University of Catania (Italy). The book offers state-of-the-art content on optimization, decisions science and problem solving methods, as well as their application in industrial and territorial systems. It highlights a range of real-world problems that are both challenging and worthwhile, using models and methods based on continuous and discrete optimization, network optimization, simulation and system dynamics, heuristics, metaheuristics, artificial intelligence, analytics, and multiple-criteria decision making. Given its scope of coverage, it will benefit not only researchers and practitioners working in these areas, but also the operations research community as a whole.

Download or read book Practice and Innovations in Sustainable Transport written by Tariq Muneer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book continues with an experimental analysis conducted to obtain accurate and complete information about electric vehicles in different traffic situations and road conditions. For the experimental analysis in this study, three different electric vehicles from the Edinburgh College leasing program were equipped and tracked to obtain over 50 GPS and energy consumption data for short distance journeys in the Edinburgh area and long-range tests between Edinburgh and Bristol. In the following section, an adaptive and robust square root cubature Kalman filter based on variational Bayesian approximation and Huber’s M-estimation is proposed to accurately estimate state of charge (SOC), which is vital for safe operation and efficient management of lithium-ion batteries. A coupled-inductor DC-DC converter with a high voltage gain is proposed in the following section to match the voltage of a fuel cell stack to a DC link bus. Finally, the book presents a review of the different approaches that have been proposed by various authors to mitigate the impact of electric buses and electric taxis on the future smart grid.

Download or read book Renewable Energy Systems written by Sanjay Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-09-29 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS Providing updated and state-of-the-art coverage of a rapidly changing science, this groundbreaking new volume presents the latest technologies, processes, and equipment in renewable energy systems for practical applications. This groundbreaking new volume examines recent advances in the area of renewable energy systems, including modeling and optimization using different methods like GAMS, HOMER, AI techniques and MATLAB Simulink, and others. Covering extensively diverse topics ranging from solar radiation prediction model to improving solar power output by studying the tilt and orientation angle of rooftop-mounted systems, a multitude of practical applications are covered, offering solutions to everyday problems, as well as the theory and concepts behind the technology. Among these applications are increasing the longevity of PV by studying its degradation and its use by operating an electrolyzer for hydrogen production, using biodiesel as a green energy resource as an alternative to diesel fuel, concentrating the black liquor-based biomass as a source from multiple stage evaporator along with thermo-vapour compressor, and the real-time problems of modeling and optimizing renewable energy sources. Written and edited by a global team of experts, this groundbreaking new volume from Scrivener Publishing presents recent advances in the study of renewable energy systems across a variety of fields and sources. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in these areas, this is a must-have for any library.

Download or read book Smart Charging Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles written by Sulabh Sachan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SMART CHARGING SOLUTIONS The most comprehensive and up-to-date study of smart charging solutions for hybrid and electric vehicles for engineers, scientists, students, and other professionals. As our dependence on fossil fuels continues to wane all over the world, demand for dependable and economically feasible energy sources continues to grow. As environmental regulations become more stringent, energy production is relying more and more heavily on locally available renewable resources. Furthermore, fuel consumption and emissions are facilitating the transition to sustainable transportation. The market for electric vehicles (EVs) has been increasing steadily over the past few years throughout the world. With the increasing popularity of EVs, a competitive market between charging stations (CSS) to attract more EVs is expected. This outstanding new volume is a resource for engineers, researchers, and practitioners interested in getting acquainted with smart charging for electric vehicles technologies. It includes many chapters dealing with the state-of-the-art studies on EV smart charging along with charging infrastructure. Whether for the veteran engineer or student, this is a must-have volume for any library. Smart Charging Solutions for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles: Presents the state of the art of smart charging for hybrid and electric vehicles, from a technological point of view Focuses on optimization and prospective solutions for practical problems Covers the most important recent developmental technologies related to renewable energy, to keep the engineer up to date and well informed Includes economic considerations, such as business models and price structures Covers standards and regulatory frameworks for smart charging solutions

Download or read book Advanced Frequency Regulation Strategies in Renewable Dominated Power Systems written by Sandeep Dhundhara and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Frequency Regulation Strategies in Renewable-Dominated Modern Power Systems discusses advanced control strategies positioned to attain stable and reliable electric power operation in highly renewable modern grids. These strategies are increasingly valuable components of the practitioner technical toolbox, and are essential to maintain frequency and voltage regulations, assert power quality standards, and ensure overall grid stability. This book focuses on the rapid integration of renewable-based generating units in power systems, highlighting state-of-the-art technologies and emerging topics pertaining to load frequency control, robust control strategies, and energy storage systems. Chapters are accompanied by case studies drawn from modern international practice. Disseminates novel control strategies for the reliable and robust control of renewable generating units Discusses implementation using case studies that address multiple frequency control applications across integrated modern power systems Accompanied by simulation models in MATLAB that are built to emphasize practical usage and address real-world problems

Download or read book Advances in Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems written by Leonard Barolli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-14 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide the latest research findings, innovative research results, methods and development techniques from both theoretical and practical perspectives related to intelligent social networks and collaborative systems, intelligent networking systems, mobile collaborative systems, secure intelligent cloud systems, etc., and to reveal synergies among various paradigms in the multi-disciplinary field of intelligent collaborative systems. It presents the Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS-2017), held on August 24–26, 2017 in Toronto, Canada. With the rapid evolution of the Internet, we are currently experiencing a shift from the traditional sharing of information and applications as the main purpose of the Web to an emergent paradigm that puts people at the very centre of networks and exploits the value of people’s connections, relations and collaborations. Social networks are also pla ying a major role in the dynamics and structure of intelligent Web-based networking and collaborative systems. Virtual campuses, virtual communities and organizations effectively leverage intelligent networking and collaborative systems by tapping into a broad range of formal and informal electronic relations, such as business-to-business, peer-to-peer and many types of online collaborative learning interactions, including the emerging e-learning systems. This has resulted in entangled systems that need to be managed efficiently and autonomously. In addition, the latest and powerful technologies based on Grid and wireless infrastructure as well as Cloud computing are now greatly enhancing collaborative and networking applications, but are also facing new issues and challenges. The principal objective of the research and development community is to stimulate research that leads to the creation of responsive environments for networking and, in the longer-term, the developmen t of adaptive, secure, mobile, and intuitive intelligent systems for collaborative work and learning.

Download or read book Electricity Decentralization in the European Union written by Rafael Leal-Arcas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-10 with total page 931 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity Decentralization in the European Union: Towards Zero Carbon and Energy Transition, Second Edition examines progress in decentralization across the European Union, with each chapter focusing on developments and innovations in a specific country. Sections provide an overview of the current role and state of smart grids, the conceptualization of energy transition, and specific cases across all EU states. Across the chapters, regulatory frameworks are assessed to identify to what extent it is conducive to decentralization, with specific outcomes of decentralization covered in detail, including deployment of smart grids and meters, demand response, electric vehicles, and storage. The book highlights how specific EU member states are progressing towards deployment of these tools and technologies, along with the specific needs and regulatory barriers in each and recommendations for how regulation can be more encouraging. In addition, electricity interconnections in the EU are considered as a vital step towards decentralization in order to boost energy security and energy efficiency. Finally, the book includes a detailed examination of data protection concerns that arise from the advent of new technologies that collect personal information, such as smart grids, assessing current regulation on data protection and identifying areas for improvement, as well as innovative finance options for sustainable energy. Analyzes the regulatory environment with regard to decentralization Explores new tools and technologies to facilitate decentralization, along with current progress in each Addresses barriers and suggests improvements across tools, technologies and regulations

Download or read book Risk Detection and Cyber Security for the Success of Contemporary Computing written by Kumar, Raghvendra and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2023-11-09 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rapid evolution of technology, identifying new risks is a constantly moving target. The metaverse is a virtual space that is interconnected with cloud computing and with companies, organizations, and even countries investing in virtual real estate. The questions of what new risks will become evident in these virtual worlds and in augmented reality and what real-world impacts they will have in an ever-expanding internet of things (IoT) need to be answered. Within continually connected societies that require uninterrupted functionality, cyber security is vital, and the ability to detect potential risks and ensure the security of computing systems is crucial to their effective use and success. Proper utilization of the latest technological advancements can help in developing more efficient techniques to prevent cyber threats and enhance cybersecurity. Risk Detection and Cyber Security for the Success of Contemporary Computing presents the newest findings with technological advances that can be utilized for more effective prevention techniques to protect against cyber threats. This book is led by editors of best-selling and highly indexed publications, and together they have over two decades of experience in computer science and engineering. Featuring extensive coverage on authentication techniques, cloud security, and mobile robotics, this book is ideally designed for students, researchers, scientists, and engineers seeking current research on methods, models, and implementation of optimized security in digital contexts.

Download or read book Transportation and Power Grid in Smart Cities written by Hussein T. Mouftah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increasing worldwide trend in population migration into urban centers, we are beginning to see the emergence of the kinds of mega-cities which were once the stuff of science fiction. It is clear to most urban planners and developers that accommodating the needs of the tens of millions of inhabitants of those megalopolises in an orderly and uninterrupted manner will require the seamless integration of and real-time monitoring and response services for public utilities and transportation systems. Part speculative look into the future of the world’s urban centers, part technical blueprint, this visionary book helps lay the groundwork for the communication networks and services on which tomorrow’s “smart cities” will run. Written by a uniquely well-qualified author team, this book provides detailed insights into the technical requirements for the wireless sensor and actuator networks required to make smart cities a reality.

Download or read book Optimal Operation of Active Distribution Networks written by Qiuwei Wu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimal Operation of Active Distribution Networks: Congestion Management, Voltage Control and Service Restoration provides researchers and practitioners with a clear and modern understanding of how to optimize the economic, secure and resilient operation of active distribution networks. The book provides case studies, modern implementations and supporting flowcharts and code, along with current research in congestion management, service restoration and voltage control of active distribution networks. Chapter provide an overview of the active distribution network concept, present key approaches for the congestion management of active distribution networks, and cover approaches in uncertainty, coordination of DLMP, scheduled re-profiling, and more. Other sections cover real-time congestion management and service restoration of active distribution networks. Reviews how to optimally operate active distribution networks under normal conditions and demonstrates worked solutions and contingency planning to mitigate unforeseen challenges Provides clear guidance on optimizing congestion management, voltage control and service restoration in DER-heavy systems Demonstrates how to implement distributed voltage control in systems using active distribution networks Provides an extensive body of methods, associated case studies, worked solutions and implementation discussions on how to embed best practices in engineering and research workflows

Download or read book Smart Grid written by Hussein T. Mouftah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart Grid: Networking, Data Management, and Business Models delivers a comprehensive overview of smart grid communications, discussing the latest advances in the technology, the related cyber security issues, and the best ways to manage user demand and pricing. Comprised of 16 chapters authored by world-renowned experts, this book: Considers the use of cognitive radio and software-defined networking in the smart grid Explores the space of attacks in the energy management process, the need for a smart grid simulator, and the management issues that arise around smart cities Describes a real-time pricing scheme that aims to reduce the peak-to-average load ratio Explains how to realize low-carbon economies and the green smart grid through the pervasive management of demand Presents cutting-edge research on microgrids, electric vehicles, and energy trading in the smart grid Thus, Smart Grid: Networking, Data Management, and Business Models provides a valuable reference for utility operators, telecom operators, communications engineers, power engineers, electric vehicle original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), electric vehicle service providers, university professors, researchers, and students.

Download or read book Data Intensive Computing in Smart Microgrids written by Herodotos Herodotou and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microgrids have recently emerged as the building block of a smart grid, combining distributed renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and load management in order to improve power system reliability, enhance sustainable development, and reduce carbon emissions. At the same time, rapid advancements in sensor and metering technologies, wireless and network communication, as well as cloud and fog computing are leading to the collection and accumulation of large amounts of data (e.g., device status data, energy generation data, consumption data). The application of big data analysis techniques (e.g., forecasting, classification, clustering) on such data can optimize the power generation and operation in real time by accurately predicting electricity demands, discovering electricity consumption patterns, and developing dynamic pricing mechanisms. An efficient and intelligent analysis of the data will enable smart microgrids to detect and recover from failures quickly, respond to electricity demand swiftly, supply more reliable and economical energy, and enable customers to have more control over their energy use. Overall, data-intensive analytics can provide effective and efficient decision support for all of the producers, operators, customers, and regulators in smart microgrids, in order to achieve holistic smart energy management, including energy generation, transmission, distribution, and demand-side management. This book contains an assortment of relevant novel research contributions that provide real-world applications of data-intensive analytics in smart grids and contribute to the dissemination of new ideas in this area.