Download or read book Minimal Effects to Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Seven Fish Species Isolated by a Hydroelectric Dam written by Jenna Kae Ruzich and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics Evolution and Conservation of Neotropical Fishes written by Rodrigo A. Torres and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish represent the most ancestral and specious group of vertebrates, and occupy more diverse aquatic environments around the world. Ichthyofauna is extremely diverse, especially in megadiverse countries occupying biogeographical regions such as the Neotropical Region, which covers an extensive area between North and South America. Much of this biodiversity will be extinct, even before science knows any aspect of its biology. Like this, Neotropical fish genetics started in the end of the 70’s with papers studying the chromosomes of Hoplias malabaricus (Family Erythrinidae) and the karyotype variation among three genera of the family Anostomidae. The topic at that time was concentrated in two Institutions from the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. In the middle 80’s, the first Symposium on Neotropical Fish Cytogenetics was organized. Nowadays, the field of Neotropical Fish Genetics is present in Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Uruguai, Venezula, Chile, and Equador, as well as outside South America in Panama, Mexico, USA, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, and Spain. The research developed in cytogenetics has focused mainly on karyotype evolution and cytotaxonomy, chromosome structure and, more recently, cytogenomics. In relation to the use of molecular markers, support has been sought for the management of populations for conservation or production in captivity. In addition, many studies have been carried out with the aim of establishing supra-specific phylogenetic relationships and clarifying species distribution scenarios by phylogeographic modeling. The genome and transcriptome of some model species begin to emerge as extremely promising and informative areas for neotropical fish. In 2017, the Neotropical fish genetics research community celebrates the 30th anniversary of its main Meeting (today entitled Symposium on Neotropical Fish Genetics and Cytogenetics). This Research Topic is part of this celebration and aims at reporting the state of the art and its current advances in the frontier of knowledge in genetics, evolution, and conservation of neotropical fish, as well as to detect the challenges to be overcome in the next years.
Download or read book The Impacts of Urbanization and Spatial Scale on Genetic Diversity of Blacknose Dace Rhinichthys Atratulus Populations written by April N. Marcangeli and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impacts of urbanization and spatial scale on genetic diversity of blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) populations Contemporary processes and environmental variation can be dominant forces that act on genetic variation of fishes in freshwater stream systems. The interaction among movement of individuals, spatial connectivity, and unidirectional flow of water in dendritic streams can determine the amount of gene flow along and among catchments and influence population persistence. In urbanized catchments, increased amounts of impervious surface cover surrounding urban streams results in hydrological changes that ultimately influence connectivity, movement, and effective population sizes. However, information is scarce regarding the effects of hydrological changes in urban streams on genetic diversity of freshwater fishes. I utilized microsatellites to compare genetic population structure of a headwater species, Rhinichthys atratulus, between two urban and two rural stream systems with similar dendritic structure to assess the effects of urbanization. Results show that urban watersheds exhibit lower genetic diversity and that the degree of urbanization can also lead to greater amounts of genetic structuring and differentiation. Additionally, I addressed the matter of spatial connectivity within stream networks by examining the amount of differentiation and structuring in populations separated by different spatial scales nested within each watershed. Adventitious streams in both rural and urban stream networks appear to be locations in the stream network representing limited gene flow, as these streams consistently exhibited lower levels of all genetic diversity measures.
Download or read book From Genes to Communities written by Pasan Samarasin-Dissanayake and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Action Before Extinction written by World Fisheries Trust and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Hydroelectric Dam Operation on Downstream Fish Populations written by Brianne Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally flowing rivers form a longitudinal gradient of physical conditions to which fish communities are adapted. Hydroelectric dams disrupt the river continuum, resulting in alterations to downstream hydrologic and thermal characteristics. Changes in physical conditions downstream from hydroelectric dams can have a variety of effects on local fish populations. However, the tendency for biological responses to be species- and system-specific complicates the development of broadly applicable management strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct long-term, large-scale studies on the impacts of river regulation under different hydroelectric dam operating regimes, and to investigate the impacts on multiple species within a given system. In this thesis I report data from two long-term, large-scale field studies (in northern Ontario and northern Norway), and investigate the impacts of river regulation on downstream fish. Specifically, the effects of river regulation on an important recreational fish, Salvelinus fontinalis, the forage fish community (Cottus cognatus, Rhinichthys cataractae, and Percopsis omiscomaycus), the coldwater fish guild, and native-invasive species interactions (Coregonus lavaretus and Coregonus albula, respectively) are studied. Indicators of fish health used to assess the effects include growth, condition, survival, thermal habitat and field metabolism. Potential driving forces such as changes to river discharge and water temperature are investigated to identify the causal mechanisms behind the effects on fish health. Fish growth was higher in a northern Ontario river with a 15 MW hydropeaking dam, relative to a nearby naturally flowing river, regardless of the dam operating regime. Condition and survival varied between and among species, and between the regulated and naturally flowing river. S. alpinus exhibited a higher field metabolic rate in the regulated river, which was positively correlated with time spent hydropeaking. The higher growth in the regulated river was likely a result of system-specific food increases resulting from impoundment, hydropeaking, or a combination of both, while the varying responses in condition and survival were likely driven by species and life-stage specific differences in behaviour, access to food and increased energetic costs associated with daily hydropeaking. Thermal habitat differed among the two coldwater species evaluated and is likely related to species-specific temperature preferences and behaviour. Hydrologic and thermal indices explained little of the variation in fish growth, likely as a result of both the indirect and interacting effects associated with altering river discharge and temperature. In a regulated system in northern Norway, the availability of different thermal habitats influenced the success of the invasive C. albula. Stable isotope evidence suggested that thermal habitat partitioning was occurring in a site where C. albula and C. lavaretus coexist, while dietary resource partitioning was occurring in a site where C. albula were outcompeting C. lavaretus, relegating them to the littoral zone. This thesis highlights the variation in biological responses to river regulation amongst species and within systems, providing evidence for the species-specific effects of hydroelectric dam operation. The potential for both direct and indirect impacts, and the complexity of biological responses within the forage fish community, the coldwater fish guild, and between native and invasive species, necessitates the use of multiple species and multiple indicators of fish health to thoroughly characterize the effects of river regulation on fish species. Given the different habitat and temperature preferences and behavioural patterns exhibited within the fish community, it is important to manage river environments not just for specific thresholds, but to ensure the availability of a variety of different flow and thermal habitats. Maintaining the availability of a variety of habitats within the riverine environment should be considered as an important component of river management strategies.
Download or read book Trout and Salmon of North America written by Robert Behnke and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-07-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This beautiful and definitive guide brings together the world's lead leading expert on North American trout and salmon, Robert Behnke, and the foremost illustrator in the field, Joseph Tomelleri. North America is graced with the greatest diversity of trout and salmon on earth. From tiny brook trout in mountain streams of the Northeast, to cutthroat trout in the rivers of the Rockies, to Chinook salmon of the Pacific, the continent is home to more than 70 types of trout and salmon. How this came to be, how they are related, and what makes them unique -- and so breathtaking -- is the story of Trout and Salmon of North America. The more than 100 illustrations of trout and salmon by Joseph Tomelleri showcased here exhibit a genius for detail, coloration, and proportion. Each portrait is made from field notes, streamside observations, photographs, and specimens collected by the artist. The result is a set of the most accurate and stunning illustrations of fish ever created. Robert Behnke has distilled 50 years of his research and writing about trout and salmon in completing this book. No one understands better than Behnke the diversity and conservation issues concerning these fishes or communicates so lucidly the biological wonders and complexities of their particular beauty. Also included are more than 40 richly detailed maps that clearly show the ranges of populations of trout and salmon throughout North America. An irresistible delight for anyone who appreciates natural history, Trout and Salmon of North America is a master guide to the natural elegance of our native fishes.
Download or read book Design of Fishways and Other Fish Facilities written by Charles H. Clay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the best-selling book describes the main types of fishways and fish facilities used around the world to assist the passage of fish over dams and other obstructions to their migration. It also focuses on the protection of fish (mainly young fish) from the hazards encountered in their downstream migrations. The book brings together the type of knowledge and research needed to decide on the facility used as well as its design and operation. It emphasizes the need for both biologists and engineers to collaborate in the design and indicates in what fields such collaboration would benefit fisheries conservation in the future. This is the Second Edition of the only book to bring together all of these topics worldwide under one cover.
Download or read book Dams Fish and Fisheries written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of free longitudinal passage of river fauna is stressed.
Download or read book Dictionary of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology written by John M. Hancock and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Agricultural Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 3036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Diversity of Fishes written by Gene Helfman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-03 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of The Diversity of Fishes represents a major revision of the world’s most widely adopted ichthyology textbook. Expanded and updated, the second edition is illustrated throughout with striking color photographs depicting the spectacular evolutionary adaptations of the most ecologically and taxonomically diverse vertebrate group. The text incorporates the latest advances in the biology of fishes, covering taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, biogeography, ecology, and behavior. A new chapter on genetics and molecular ecology of fishes has been added, and conservation is emphasized throughout. Hundreds of new and redrawn illustrations augment readable text, and every chapter has been revised to reflect the discoveries and greater understanding achieved during the past decade. Written by a team of internationally-recognized authorities, the first edition of The Diversity of Fishes was received with enthusiasm and praise, and incorporated into ichthyology and fish biology classes around the globe, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The second edition is a substantial update of an already classic reference and text. Companion resources site This book is accompanied by a resources site: www.wiley.com/go/helfman The site is being constantly updated by the author team and provides: · Related videos selected by the authors · Updates to the book since publication · Instructor resources · A chance to send in feedback
Download or read book Ecology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.
Download or read book The State of the World s Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation, sustainable use and development of aquatic genetic resources (AqGR) is critical to the future supply of fish. The State of the World’s Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is the first ever global assessment of these resources, with the scope of this first Report being limited to cultured AqGR and their wild relatives, within national jurisdiction. The Report draws on 92 reports from FAO member countries and five specially commissioned thematic background studies. The reporting countries are responsible for 96 percent of global aquaculture production. The Report sets the context with a review of the state of world’s aquaculture and fisheries and includes overviews of the uses and exchanges of AqGR, the drivers and trends impacting AqGR and the extent of ex situ and in situ conservation efforts. The Report also investigates the roles of stakeholders in AqGR and the levels of activity in research, education, training and extension, and reviews national policies and the levels of regional and international cooperation on AqGR. Finally, needs and challenges are assessed in the context of the findings from the data collected from the countries. The Report represents a snapshot of the present status of AqGR and forms a valuable technical reference document, particularly where it presents standardized key terminology and concepts.
Download or read book Migration Ecology of Marine Fishes written by David H. Secor and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthetic treatment of all marine fish taxa (teleosts and elasmobranchs), this book employs explanatory frameworks from avian and systems ecology while arguing that migrations are emergent phenomena, structured through schooling, phenotypic plasticity, and other collective agencies. The book provides overviews of the following concepts: The comparative movement ecology of fishes and birds; The alignment of mating systems with larval dispersal; Schooling and migration as adaptations to marine food webs; Natal homing; Connectivity in populations and metapopulations; The contribution of migration ecology to population resilience
Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.
Download or read book Evolutionary Conservation Genetics written by Jacob Höglund and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation genetics focuses on understanding the role and requirement of genetic variation for population persistence. However, considerable debate now surrounds the role of genetic factors (as opposed to non-genetic factors such as habitat destruction etc.) in population extinction, and a comprehensive synthesis is now timely. Can extinction be explained by habitat destruction alone or is lack of genetic variation a part of the explanation? The book thoroughly reviews the arguments for a role of genetics in the present biodiversity crisis. It describes the methods used to study genetic variation in endangered species and examines the influence of genetic variation in the extinction of species. To date, conservation genetics has predominantly utilized neutral genetic markers e.g. microsatellites. However, with the recent advances in molecular genetics and genomics it will soon be possible to study 'direct gene action', following the fate of genetic variation at the level of DNA, through expression, to proteins in order to determine how such phenotypes fare in populations of free living organisms. Evolutionary Conservation Genetics explores these exciting avenues of future research potential, integrating ecological quantitative genetics with the new genome science. It is now more important than ever that we ask relevant questions about the evolutionary fate of endangered populations throughout the globe and incorporate our knowledge of evolutionary processes and the distribution of genetic diversity into effective conservation planning and action.
