Download or read book Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation During CO2 Injection at the Frio I Brine Pilot written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Frio-I Brine Pilot CO2 injection experiment in 2004, distinct geochemical changes in response to the injection of 1600 tons of CO2 were recorded in samples collected from the monitoring well. Previous geochemical modeling studies have considered dissolution of calcite and iron oxyhydroxides, or release of adsorbed iron, as the most likely sources of the increased ion concentrations. We explore in this modeling study possible alternative sources of the increasing calcium and iron, based on the data from the detailed petrographic characterization of the Upper Frio Formation "C". Particularly, we evaluate whether dissolution of pyrite and oligoclase (anorthite component) can account for the observed geochemical changes. Due to kinetic limitations, dissolution of pyrite and anorthite cannot account for the increased iron and calcium concentrations on the time scale of the field test (10 days). However, dissolution of these minerals is contributing to carbonate and clay mineral precipitation on the longer time scales (1000 years). The one-dimensional reactive transport model predicts carbonate minerals, dolomite and ankerite, as well as clay minerals kaolinite, nontronite and montmorillonite, will precipitate in the Frio Formation "C" sandstone as the system progresses towards chemical equilibrium during a 1000-year period. Cumulative uncertainties associated with using different thermodynamic databases, activity correction models (Pitzer vs. B-dot), and extrapolating to reservoir temperature, are manifested in the difference in the predicted mineral phases. Furthermore, these models are consistent with regards to the total volume of mineral precipitation and porosity values which are predicted to within 0.002%.
Download or read book Reactive Transport Modeling to Study Changes in Water Chemistry Induced by CO2 Injection at the Frio I Brine Pilot written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To demonstrate the potential for geologic storage of CO2 in saline aquifers, the Frio-I Brine Pilot was conducted, during which 1600 tons of CO2 were injected into a high-permeability sandstone and the resulting subsurface plume of CO2 was monitored using a variety of hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical techniques. Fluid samples were obtained before CO2 injection for baseline geochemical characterization, during the CO2 injection to track its breakthrough at a nearby observation well, and after injection to investigate changes in fluid composition and potential leakage into an overlying zone. Following CO2 breakthrough at the observation well, brine samples showed sharp drops in pH, pronounced increases in HCO3− and aqueous Fe, and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O and dissolved inorganic carbon. Based on a calibrated 1-D radial flow model, reactive transport modeling was performed for the Frio-I Brine Pilot. A simple kinetic model of Fe release from the solid to aqueous phase was developed, which can reproduce the observed increases in aqueous Fe concentration. Brine samples collected after half a year had lower Fe concentrations due to carbonate precipitation, and this trend can be also captured by our modeling. The paper provides a method for estimating potential mobile Fe inventory, and its bounding concentration in the storage formation from limited observation data. Long-term simulations show that the CO2 plume gradually spreads outward due to capillary forces, and the gas saturation gradually decreases due to its dissolution and precipitation of carbonates. The gas phase is predicted to disappear after 500 years. Elevated aqueous CO2 concentrations remain for a longer time, but eventually decrease due to carbonate precipitation. For the Frio-I Brine Pilot, all injected CO2 could ultimately be sequestered as carbonate minerals.
Download or read book Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations written by Pania Newell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations: Process Coupling across Time and Spatial Scales summarizes state-of-the-art research, emphasizing how the coupling of physical and chemical processes as subsurface systems re-equilibrate during and after the injection of CO2. In addition, it addresses, in an easy-to-follow way, the lack of knowledge in understanding the coupled processes related to fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemistry over time and spatial scales. The book uniquely highlights process coupling and process interplay across time and spatial scales that are relevant to geological carbon storage. - Includes the underlying scientific research, as well as the risks associated with geological carbon storage - Covers the topic of geological carbon storage from various disciplines, addressing the multi-scale and multi-physics aspects of geological carbon storage - Organized by discipline for ease of navigation
Download or read book A Novel Approach to Experimental Studies of Mineral Dissolution Kinetics written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, DOE is conducting pilot CO2 injection tests to evaluate the concept of geological sequestration. One strategy that potentially enhances CO2 solubility and reduces the risk of CO2 leak back to the surface is dissolution of indigenous minerals in the geological formation and precipitation of secondary carbonate phases, which increases the brine pH and immobilizes CO2. Clearly, the rates at which these dissolution and precipitation reactions occur directly determine the efficiency of this strategy. However, one of the fundamental problems in modern geochemistry is the persistent two to five orders of magnitude discrepancy between laboratory measured and field derived feldspar dissolution rates. To date, there is no real guidance as to how to predict silicate reaction rates for use in quantitative models. Current models for assessment of geological carbon sequestration have generally opted to use laboratory rates, in spite of the dearth of such data for compositionally complex systems, and the persistent disconnect between laboratory and field applications. Therefore, a firm scientific basis for predicting silicate reaction kinetics in CO2 injected geological formations is urgently needed to assure the reliability of the geochemical models used for the assessments of carbon sequestration strategies. The funded experimental and theoretical study attempts to resolve this outstanding scientific issue by novel experimental design and theoretical interpretation to measure silicate dissolution rates and iron carbonate precipitation rates at conditions pertinent to geological carbon sequestration. In the second year of the project, we completed CO2-Navajo sandstone interaction batch and flow-through experiments and a Navajo sandstone dissolution experiment without the presence of CO2 at 200 C and 250-300 bars, and initiated dawsonite dissolution and solubility experiments. We also performed additional 5-day experiments at the same conditions as alkali-feldspar dissolution experiments with and without the presence of CO2 performed in the first year to check the validation of the experiments and analysis. The changes of solution chemistry as dissolution experiments progressed were monitored with on-line sampling of the aqueous phase at the constant temperature and pressure. These data allow calculating overall apparent mineral (feldspars and sandstones) dissolution rates and secondary mineral precipitation rates as a function of saturation states. State-of-the-art atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron microprobe was used to characterize the products and reactants. Reaction-path geochemical modeling was used to interpret the experimental results of alkali-feldspar dissolution experiments without the presence of CO2. Two manuscripts are near completion. Also during the second year, our education goal of graduate student training has been advanced. A Ph. D. student at Indiana University is progressing well in the degree program and has taken geochemical modeling, SEM, and TEM courses, which will facilitate research in the third year. A Ph. D. student at University of Minnesota had graduated. With the success of training of graduate students and excellent experimental data in the second year, we anticipate a more fruitful year in the third year.
Download or read book Modeling The Effects Of Salt Precipitation And Kinetic Mineral Reaction On Well Injectivity Due To Carbon Dioxide Injection In Deep Saline Aquifers written by Kojo Yeboa and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about the complex processes taking place between CO2, the host formation, and in-situ brine at the conditions found within deep saline aquifers during CO2 injection for the purposes of long term sequestration. Mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions which take place in response to the acidic environment formed once CO2 is injected in addition to the precipitation of mineral halite induced by the vaporization of the brine phase into the flowing dry CO2 phase have the potential to alter formation porosity and permeability, negatively impacting well injectivity. A commercial reservoir simulator was used to develop several studies in order to observe the scale and extent of host mineral dissolution and precipitation as well as halite mineral precipitation following CO2 injection into a siliciclastic deep saline formation. Dissolution was observed to be the predominant mineral reaction however limited scale resulted in minimal impact on well injectivity. Halite precipitation in the near well region was found to provide limited impacts on well injectivity. Following a sensitivity study, the initial formation salinity was found to be a property significant in impacting halite precipitation, however even at high saline concentrations impacts to well injectivity are considered of little note and could be effectively negated with a relatively brief three-month fresh water injection period prior to the onset of CO2 injection.
Download or read book Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation in Rock brine CO2 Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geochemistry of Geologic CO2 Sequestration written by Donald J. DePaolo and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 77 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry focuses on important aspects of the geochemistry of geological CO2 sequestration. It is in large part an outgrowth of research conducted by members of the U.S. Department of Energy funded Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) known as the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2 (NCGC). Eight out of the 15 chapters have been led by team members from the NCGC representing six of the eight partner institutions making up this center - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (lead institution, D. DePaolo - PI), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Ohio State University, the University of California Davis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Washington University, St. Louis.
Download or read book Geological Carbon Storage written by Stéphanie Vialle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field.
Download or read book CO2 Injection at the Frio I Brine Pilot written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Processes Related to Hydrodynamic and Mineral Trapping for the Purpose of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers written by Ruth E. Jacob and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic sources have caused the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere, necessitating the reduction of the release of this gas from major point sources. An important mitigation technique is the injection of CO2 into deep saline reservoirs as part of CO2 capture and storage (CCS). However, there are gaps in the understanding of the medium- to long-term processes for the safe and efficient storage of CO2. Solubility trapping involves the dissolution of CO2 into brine, causing the formation of carbonic acid, which increases brine density. Additional waste gases from fossil fuel production, such as SO2, can also be injected and increases density further. As CO2 migrates away from the injection site, more CO2 is able to dissolve and interact with the formation. The dissolution of minerals within the formation changes the porosity and permeability of the rock and provides ions to ultimately precipitate CO2 as part of the mineral trapping process.Solubility and mineral trapping are both important processes for retaining CO2 in saline reservoirs. Solubility of CO2 in multi-salt brines is poorly understood, especially at conditions relevant to CCS. In addition, it may be more feasible to inject SO2 with CO2 because of the cost benefit. There is little data on how co-dissolved SO2 will affect CO2 solubility. CO2 solubility was measured in brines containing NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 as well as co-dissolved with 2% SO2 in DI and 1 mole/kg NaCl at 297 K and pressures up to 14 MPa. CO2 solubility is affected by the concentration and composition of multi-salt brines but not by the presence of the limited amount of SO2.Although potential injection horizons contain mostly the nonreactive mineral quartz, silicates provide ions for the eventual precipitation of new minerals. Experiments were conducted using crushed and sieved albite in a 0.7 mole/kg KCl brine at room temperature, 35oC, 75oC and 100oC at pressures up to 9.3 MPa for up to 546 days. The concentration of Na, Al, Si and Fe were measured. Dissolution rates were calculated based on release of Si and were found to vary depending on temperature and pH of the solution.
Download or read book A Novel Approach to Experimental Studies of Mineral Dissolution Kinetics written by Chen Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, DOE is conducting pilot CO{sub 2} injection tests to evaluate the concept of geological sequestration. One strategy that potentially enhances CO{sub 2} solubility and reduces the risk of CO{sub 2} leak back to the surface is dissolution of indigenous minerals in the geological formation and precipitation of secondary carbonate phases, which increases the brine pH and immobilizes CO{sub 2}. Clearly, the rates at which these dissolution and precipitation reactions occur directly determine the efficiency of this strategy. However, one of the fundamental problems in modern geochemistry is the persistent two to five orders of magnitude discrepancy between laboratory-measured and field derived feldspar dissolution rates. To date, there is no real guidance as to how to predict silicate reaction rates for use in quantitative models. Current models for assessment of geological carbon sequestration have generally opted to use laboratory rates, in spite of the dearth of such data for compositionally complex systems, and the persistent disconnect between lab and field applications. Therefore, a firm scientific basis for predicting silicate reaction kinetics in CO{sub 2} injected geological formations is urgently needed to assure the reliability of the geochemical models used for the assessments of carbon sequestration strategies. The funded experimental and theoretical study attempts to resolve this outstanding scientific issue by novel experimental design and theoretical interpretation to measure silicate dissolution rates and iron carbonate precipitation rates at conditions pertinent to geological carbon sequestration. In the first year of the project, we have successfully developed a sample preparation method and completed three batch feldspar dissolution experiments at 200 C and 300 bars. The changes of solution chemistry as dissolution experiments progressed were monitored with on-line sampling of the aqueous phase at the constant temperature and pressure. These data allow calculating overall apparent feldspar dissolution rates and secondary mineral precipitation rates as a function of saturation states. State-of-the-art atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe was used to characterize the reactants (feldspars before experiments). We experimented with different sample preparation methods for TEM study, and found excellent images and chemical resolution with reactants, which shows promise of the technology and establishes the baseline for comparison with products (feldspars after the experiments). Preliminary electron microscopic characterization shows that the reacted feldspars have etch pits and are covered with secondary sheet silicate phases. Reaction-path geochemical modeling is used to interpret the experimental results. We have established the software and database, and are making great progress. Also during the first year, our education goal of graduate student training has been achieved. A Ph. D. student at Indiana University is progressing well in the degree program and has taken geochemical modeling, SEM, and TEM courses, which will facilitate research in the second and third year. A Ph. D. student at University of Minnesota is progressing well in conducting the experiments, and is near graduation. With the success of training of graduate students and excellent experimental data in the first year, we anticipate a more fruitful year in the second year.
Download or read book Water Security in the Mediterranean Region written by Andrea Scozzari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of water in our communities, from local to regional and right up to global levels, poses a series of key questions about climate change, about the anthropogenic impact on the environment, and about all the interconnected actions and events that affect the availability and quality of the resource. All these questions share a common demand for more scientific knowledge and information. In this particular context the disciplinary boundaries are fading, and there is a growing need to create broader connections and wider collaborative interdisciplinary groups, aimed at building an integrated knowledge-base to serve not only stakeholders but also the whole of society. Only in this way can we hope to respond effectively to the challenges and changing dynamics of human-hydrologic systems. Following this concept, contributors from multiple disciplinary backgrounds, such as Law Studies, Hydrogeology, Monitoring and Information Technologies, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Environmental Sciences, Systems Engineering, Economics and Social Studies, joined forces and interacted in this workshop. The present book reports the proceedings of this three-day ARW (Advanced Research Workshop), and explores different aspects of the environmental security assessment process, focusing on the assessment, monitoring and management of water resources, and giving an overview of the related scientific knowledge.
Download or read book Computational Models for CO2 Geo sequestration Compressed Air Energy Storage written by Rafid Al-Khoury and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive mathematical and computational modeling of CO2 Geosequestration and Compressed Air Energy StorageEnergy and environment are two interrelated issues of great concern to modern civilization. As the world population will soon reach eight billion, the demand for energy will dramatically increase, intensifying the use of fossil fuels. Ut
Download or read book CO2 Storage by Aqueous Mineral Carbonation written by Markus Hänchen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change Carbon Capture Storage and CO2 Mineralisation Technologies written by Nikolaos Koukouzas and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue delivered 16 scientific papers, with the aim of exploring the application of carbon capture and storage technologies for mitigating the effects of climate change. Special emphasis has been placed on mineral carbonation techniques that combine innovative applications to emerging problems and needs. The aim of this Special Issue is to contribute to improved knowledge of the ongoing research regarding climate change and CCS technological applications, focusing on carbon capture and storage practices. Climate change is a global issue that is interrelated with the energy and petroleum industry.
Download or read book Hydrological and Geochemical Monitoring for a CO2 Sequestration Pilot in a Brine Formation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrological and geochemical monitoring are key components of site characterization and CO2 plume monitoring for a pilot test to inject CO2 into a brine-bearing sand of the fluvial-deltaic Frio formation in the upper Texas Gulf Coast. In situ, injected CO2 forms a supercritical phase that has gas-like properties (low density and viscosity) compared to the surrounding brine, while some CO2 dissolves in the brine. The pilot test employs one injection well and one monitor well, with continuous pressure and flow-rate monitoring in both wells, and continuous surface fluid sampling and periodic down-hole fluid sampling from the monitor well. Pre-injection site-characterization includes pump tests with pressure-transient analysis to estimate single-phase flow properties, establish hydraulic connectivity between the wells, determine appropriate boundary conditions, and analyze ambient phase conditions within the formation. Additionally, a pre-injection tracer test furnishes estimates of kinematic porosity and the geometry of flow paths between injection and monitor wells under single-phase conditions. Pre-injection geochemical sampling provides a baseline for subsequent geochemical monitoring and helps determine the optimal tracers to accompany CO2 injection. During CO2 injection, hydrological monitoring enables estimation of two-phase flow properties and helps track the movement of the injected CO2 plume, while geochemical sampling provides direct evidence of the arrival of CO2 and tracers at the monitor well. Furthermore, CO2-charged water acts as a weak acid, and reacts to some extent with the minerals in the aquifer, producing a distinct chemical signature in the water collected at the monitor well. Comparison of breakthrough curves for the single-phase tracer test and the CO2 (and its accompanying tracers) illuminates two-phase flow processes between the supercritical CO2 and native brine, an area of current uncertainty that must be better understood to effectively sequester CO2 in saline aquifers.
Download or read book Formation Dry out from CO2 Injection Into Saline Aquifers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection of CO2 into saline aquifers may cause formation dry-out and precipitation of salt near the injection well, which may reduce formation porosity, permeability, and injectivity. This paper uses numerical simulation to explore the role of different processes and parameters in the salt precipitation process and to examine injection strategies that could mitigate the effects. The main physical mechanisms affecting the dry-out and salt precipitation process include (1) displacement of brine away from the injection well by injected CO2, (2) dissolution (evaporation) of brine into the flowing CO2 stream, (3) upflow of CO2 due to gravity effects (buoyancy), (4) backflow of brine toward the injection point due to capillary pressure gradients that oppose the pressure gradient in the CO2-rich ('gas') phase, and (5) molecular diffusion of dissolved salt. The different mechanisms operate on a range of spatial scales. CO2 injection at constant rate into a homogeneous reservoir with uniform initial conditions is simulated in 1-D radial geometry, to resolve multiscale processes by taking advantage of the similarity property, i.e., the evolution of system conditions as a function of radial distance R and time t depends only on the similarity variable R2/t. Simulations in 2-D vertical cross sections are used to examine the role of gravity effects. We find that counterflow of CO2 and brine can greatly increase aqueous phase salinity and can promote substantial salt precipitation even in formations with low dissolved solids. Salt precipitation can accentuate effects of gravity override. We find that injecting a slug of fresh water prior to commencement of CO2 injection can reduce salt precipitation and permeability loss near the injection well.
