Download or read book Mineral Control of Soil Organic Matter Stabilization written by Markus Kleber and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minerals in Soil Environments written by Joe Boris Dixon and published by American Society of Agronomy. This book was released on 1989 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to soil mineralogy; Surface chemistry of soil minerals; An introduction to organic matter in mineral soils; Mineral equilibria and the soil system; Mineral occurrence in soil environments; Carboonate, halide, sulfate, and sulfide minerals; Aluminum oxides and oxyhydroxides; Iron oxides; Manganese oxides ands hydroxides; Kaolin and serpentine group minerals; The pyrophyllite-talc group; Micas; Vermiculites; Chlorites and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite and smectite; Interstratification in layer silicates; Palygorskite and sepiolite group minerals; Zeolites in soils; Silica in soils: quartz and disordered silica polymorphs; Feldpars, olivines, pyroxenes, and amphiboles; Allophane and imogolite; Phosphate minerals; Titanium and zirconium minerals.
Download or read book Structure and Organic Matter Storage in Agricultural Soils written by M.R. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-10-23 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils comprise the largest pool of terrestrial carbon and therefore are an important component of carbon storage in the biosphere-atmosphere system. Structure and Organic Matter Storage in Agricultural Soils explores the mechanisms and processes involved in the storage and sequestration of carbon in soils. Focusing on agricultural soils - from tropical to semi-arid types - this new book provides an in-depth look at structure, aggregation, and organic matter retention in world soils. The first two sections of the book introduce readers to the basic issues and scientific concepts, including soil structure, underlying mechanisms and processes, and the importance of agroecosystems as carbon regulators. The third section provides detailed discussions of soil aggregation and organic matter storage under various climates, soil types, and soil management practices. The fourth section addresses current strategies for enhancing organic matter storage in soil, modelling techniques, and measurement methods. Throughout the book, the importance of the soil structure-organic matter storage relationship is emphasized. Anyone involved in soil science, agriculture, agronomy, plant science, or greenhouse gas and global change studies should understand this relationship. Structure and Organic Matter Storage in Agricultural Soils provides an ideal source of information not only on the soil structure-storage relationship itself, but also on key research efforts and direct applications related to the storage of organic matter in agricultural soils.
Download or read book The Future of Soil Carbon written by Carlos Garcia and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of Soil Carbon: Its Conservation and Formation provides readers with an integrative approach to understanding the important role of organic carbon in soil functioning and fertility. Terrestrial interactions between SOC and complex human-natural systems require new fundamental and applied research into regional and global SOC budgets. This book provides new and synthesized information on the dynamics of SOC in the terrestrial environment. In addition to rigorous state-of-the art on soil science, the book also provides strategies to avoid risks of soil carbon losses. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital component of soils, with important and far-reaching effects on the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Human activities over the last several decades have significantly changed the regional and global balance of SOC, greatly exacerbating global warming and climate change. Provides a holistic overview of soil carbon status and main threats for its conservation Offers innovative solutions to conserve soil carbon Includes in-depth treatment of regional and global changes in soil organic carbon budget
Download or read book Stabilization and Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter in Response to Long term Mineral and Organic Fertilization written by Jana Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a projected world population of about nine billion people in 2050 and the increasing threat of global climate change, agriculture will be forced to develop management strategies that will ensure food security and increase the soil's ability to store CO2. The fertility of a soil depends heavily on the activity of soil microorganisms as the main drivers of all nutrient cycles. At the same time, soil microorganisms also contribute to the stabilization of organic carbon (OC) by promoting aggregate formation. In addition, there is increasing evidence that soil organic matter (SOM) is predominantly of microbial origin. While both organic and mineral fertilization are assumed to increase soil organic carbon stocks, it is not yet fully understood how and to what extent these different fertilizers influence the composition and activity of soil microorganisms and hence, the turnover or stabilization of SOM. The present work was intended to answer this question by analyzing soil samples from the Static Fertilization Experiment Bad Lauchstädt. Five different fertilization treatments as well as the non-fertilized control were investigated. Beside the crop-specific fertilization also the presence of symbioses as an additional source of minerals was considered. In this context, the sampling was carried out on two strips, being different in both the crop type at sampling time (alfalfa as host plant for rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) vs. sugar beet as non-host plant) as well as in their crop rotation (with legume vs. without legume). As an essential finding both the individual and the combined use of the two fertilizer types were found to promote C stabilization in agricultural soils. However, the results show that the capacity of a soil for C stabilization is limited. Thus, the soil-specific C saturation deficit should be taken into account in the search for a suitable fertilization strategy in addition to the plant-specific nutrient requirement.
Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Agrophysics written by Jan Gliński and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-07 with total page 1075 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.
Download or read book Amazonian Dark Earths written by Johannes Lehmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-25 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark Earths are a testament to vanished civilizations of the Amazon Basin, but may also answer how large societies could sustain intensive agriculture in an environment of infertile soils. This book examines their origin, properties, and management. Questions remain: were they intentionally produced or a by-product of habitation. Additional new and multidisciplinary perspectives by leading experts may pave the way for the next revolution in soil management in the humid tropics.
Download or read book Biophysico Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems written by Nicola Senesi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-23 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date resource on natural nonliving organic matter Bringing together world-renowned researchers to explore natural nonliving organic matter (NOM) and its chemical, biological, and ecological importance, Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems offers an integrated view of the dynamics and processes of NOM. This multidisciplinary approach allows for a comprehensive treatment encompassing all the formation processes, properties, reactions, environments, and analytical techniques associated with the latest research on NOM. After briefly outlining the historical background, current ideas, and future prospects of the study of NOM, the coverage examines: The formation mechanisms of humic substances Organo-clay complexes The effects of organic matter amendment Black carbon in the environment Carbon sequestration and dynamics in soil Biological activities of humic substances Dissolved organic matter Humic substances in the rhizosphere Marine organic matter Organic matter in atmospheric particles In addition to the above topics, the coverage includes such relevant analytical techniques as separation technology; analytical pyrolysis and soft-ionization mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance; EPR, FTIR, Raman, UV-visible adsorption, fluorescence, and X-ray spectroscopies; and thermal analysis. Hundreds of illustrations and photographs further illuminate the various chapters. An essential resource for both students and professionals in environmental science, environmental engineering, water science, soil science, geology, and environmental chemistry, Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems provides a unique combination of the latest discoveries, developments, and future prospects in this field.
Download or read book Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture written by Fred Magdoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-05-27 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition of the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in soil health and quality is a major part of fostering a holistic, preventive approach to agricultural management. Students in agronomy, horticulture, and soil science need a textbook that emphasizes strategies for using SOM management in the prevention of chemical, biological, and physical problems. Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture gathers key scientific reviews concerning issues that are critical for successful SOM management. This textbook contains evaluations of the types of organic soil constituents—organisms, fresh residues, and well-decomposed substances. It explores the beneficial effects of organic matter on soil and the various practices that enhance SOM. Chapters include an examination of the results of crop management practices on soil organisms, organic matter gains and losses, the significance of various SOM fractions, and the contributions of fungi and earthworms to soil quality and crop growth. Emphasizing the prevention of imbalances that lead to soil and crop problems, the text also explores the development of soils suppressive to plant diseases and pests, and relates SOM management to the supply of nutrients to crops. This book provides the essential scientific background and poses the challenging questions that students need to better understand SOM and develop improved soil and crop management systems.
Download or read book Characteristics of Soil Organic Matter in Two Forest Soils written by Susan E. Crow and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter (SOM) is the terrestrial biosphere's largest pool of organic carbon (C) and is an integral part of C cycling globally. Soil organic matter composition typically can be traced directly back to the type of detrital inputs; however, the stabilization of SOM results as a combination of chemical recalcitrance, protection from microbial decomposition within soil structure, and organo-mineral interactions. A long-term manipulative field experiment, the Detrital Input and Removal Treatment (DIRT) Project, was established to examine effects of altering detrital inputs (above- vs. below-ground source, C and nitrogen (N) quantity, and chemical quality) on the stabilization and retention of SOM. Surface mineral soil was collected from two DIRT sites, Bousson (a deciduous site in western Pennsylvania) and H.J. Andrews (a coniferous site in the Oregon Cascade Mountains), to examine the influence of altering detrital inputs on decomposability and mean residence time of soil organic matter and different organic matter fractions. Soil organic matter was physically separated into light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction (HF) organic matter, by density fractionation in 1.6 g mL−1 sodium polytungstate (SPT). Density fractionation in SPT resulted in the mobilization and loss of ~25% of total soil organic C and N during the physical separation and rinsing of fractions during recovery, which was also the most easily decomposed organic matter present in the bulk soil. At H.J. Andrews, this mobilized organic matter had a short mean residence time (MRT), indicating that it originated from fresh detrital inputs. In contrast, at Bousson, the organic matter mobilized had a long MRT, indicating that it originated from organic matter that had already been stabilized in the soil. Mean residence times of LF from Bousson varied widely, ~3 y from doubled litter and control plots and 78-185 y for litter removal plots, while MRT of HF was ~250 y and has not yet been affected by litter manipulations. Results from long term incubation of LF and HF material supported these estimates; respiration was greatest from LF of doubled litter and control plots and least from HF of litter removal plots. In contrast, MRT estimated for LF and HF organic matter from H.J. Andrews were similar to each other (~100 y) and were not affected by litter manipulation. These estimates were also supported by the incubation results; there was not a difference in cumulative respiration between detrital treatments or density fractions. The results from the coniferous site may be due to a legacy of historically large inputs of coarse woody debris on the LF and it may be decades before the signal of detrital manipulations can be measured. Alternatively, these highly andic soils may be accumulating C rapidly, yielding young HF ages and C that does not differ substantially in lability from coniferous litter-derived LF. The DIRT Project was intended to follow changes in soil organic matter over decades to centuries. As expected, manipulation of detrital inputs has influenced the lability and mean residence time of the light fraction before the heavy fraction organic matter; however, it will be on much more lengthy time scales that clear differences in organic matter stabilization in response to the alteration of detrital inputs will emerge. Soil CO2 efflux is a compilation of CO2 from many sources, including root respiration and the decomposition of different organic matter fractions, roots, and exudates. If the sources of CO2 have different isotopic signatures, the isotope analysis of CO2 efflux may reveal the dominant sources within the soil profile. In a short incubation experiment of density fractions from both sites, respired CO2 reflected the isotopic signature of the organic matter fraction after 30 days, but was more enriched in 13C. Initially CO2 was isotopically depleted in 13C relative to the organic matter fraction and the period of depletion related to the amount of easily degraded organic matter present at H.J. Andrews only.
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Johannes Lehmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.
Download or read book Stabilization of Organic Matter in the Acid Soil Environment written by Robert Mikutta and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry of Soils written by Thomas Boutton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-05-30 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides detailed coverage of the applications of proven spectometric techniques in soil science. It presents analytical approaches important in the study of pool sizes and the dynamics of macro- and micronutrients, the structure and function of soil organic matter, and the co-evolution of soils, plant communities and climate. Interdisciplinary perspectives from soil science, ecology, geology, chemistry, biogeochemistry, agronomy and physics, are offered.
Download or read book Soil Biochemistry written by J.-M. Bollag and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the role of biochemical processes in the soil environment, particularly the activity of microorganisms, and the potential application of those processes to environmental biotechnology. The 11 papers also highlight the application of molecular biology and microbial genetics to soil biology a
Download or read book Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World soils contain about 1500 gigatons of organic carbon. This large carbon reserve can increase atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by soil misuse or mismanagement, or it can reverse the 'greenhouse' effect by judicious land use and proper soil management. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle describes soil processes and their effects on the global carbon cycle while relating soil properties to soil quality and potential and actual carbon reserves in the soil. In addition, this book deals with modeling the carbon cycle in soil, and with methods of soil carbon determinations.
