Download or read book Militia Stand Down The First Objective Reading of the 2nd Amendment written by Geoffrey Smith and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017-04-14 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On June 12,1823 Thomas Jefferson quilled the following "History may distort truth, and will distort it for a time, by the superior efforts at justification of those who are conscious of needing it most. Nor will the opening scenes of our present government be seen in their true aspect, until the letters of the day, now held in private hoards, shall be broken up and laid open to public view. What a treasure will be found in General Washington's cabinet, when it shall pass into the hands of as candid a friend to truth as he was himself!" This volume of work is the "public view" he speaks of because ALL interpretations of the 2nd Amendment have exploited history to re-author its meaning. This full story is told with the hoarded letters spanning 84 years and their treasure ultimately revealed by the "Candid a friend of Truth". The 2nd amendment was crafted ahead of its time and its time has finally arrived. It is literally the Holy Grail of Gun Control and the final legacy of the United States Constitution.

Download or read book The Militia and the Right to Arms or How the Second Amendment Fell Silent written by H. Richard Uviller and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-20 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." —Amendment II, United States Constitution The Second Amendment is regularly invoked by opponents of gun control, but H. Richard Uviller and William G. Merkel argue the amendment has nothing to contribute to debates over private access to firearms. In The Militia and the Right to Arms, or, How the Second Amendment Fell Silent, Uviller and Merkel show how postratification history has sapped the Second Amendment of its meaning. Starting with a detailed examination of the political principles of the founders, the authors build the case that the amendment's second clause (declaring the right to bear arms) depends entirely on the premise set out in the amendment's first clause (stating that a well-regulated militia is necessary to the security of a free state). The authors demonstrate that the militia envisioned by the framers of the Bill of Rights in 1789 has long since disappeared from the American scene, leaving no lineal descendants. The constitutional right to bear arms, Uviller and Merkel conclude, has evaporated along with the universal militia of the eighteenth century. Using records from the founding era, Uviller and Merkel explain that the Second Amendment was motivated by a deep fear of standing armies. To guard against the debilitating effects of militarism, and against the ultimate danger of a would-be Caesar at the head of a great professional army, the founders sought to guarantee the existence of well-trained, self-armed, locally commanded citizen militia, in which service was compulsory. By its very existence, this militia would obviate the need for a large and dangerous regular army. But as Uviller and Merkel describe the gradual rise of the United States Army and the National Guard over the last two hundred years, they highlight the nation's abandonment of the militia ideal so dear to the framers. The authors discuss issues of constitutional interpretation in light of radically changed social circumstances and contrast their position with the arguments of a diverse group of constitutional scholars including Sanford Levinson, Carl Bogus, William Van Alstyne, and Akhil Reed Amar. Espousing a centrist position in the polarized arena of Second Amendment interpretation, this book will appeal to those wanting to know more about the amendment's relevance to the issue of gun control, as well as to those interested in the constitutional and political context of America's military history.

Download or read book Constitution written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Armed Citizens written by Noah Shusterman and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although much has changed in the United States since the eighteenth century, our framework for gun laws still largely relies on the Second Amendment and the patterns that emerged in the colonial era. America has long been a heavily armed, and racially divided, society, yet few citizens understand either why militias appealed to the founding fathers or the role that militias played in North American rebellions, in which they often functioned as repressive—and racist—domestic forces. In Armed Citizens, Noah Shusterman explains for a general reader what eighteenth-century militias were and why the authors of the Constitution believed them to be necessary to the security of a free state. Suggesting that the question was never whether there was a right to bear arms, but rather, who had the right to bear arms, Shusterman begins with the lessons that the founding generation took from the history of Ancient Rome and Machiavelli’s reinterpretation of those myths during the Renaissance. He then turns to the rise of France’s professional army during seventeenth-century Europe and the fear that it inspired in England. Shusterman shows how this fear led British writers to begin praising citizens’ militias, at the same time that colonial America had come to rely on those militias as a means of defense and as a system to police enslaved peoples. Thus the start of the Revolution allowed Americans to portray their struggle as a war of citizens against professional soldiers, leading the authors of the Constitution to place their trust in citizen soldiers and a "well-regulated militia," an idea that persists to this day.

Download or read book A Well Regulated Militia written by Saul Cornell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-08-04 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans are deeply divided over the Second Amendment. Some passionately assert that the Amendment protects an individual's right to own guns. Others, that it does no more than protect the right of states to maintain militias. Now, in the first and only comprehensive history of this bitter controversy, Saul Cornell proves conclusively that both sides are wrong. Cornell, a leading constitutional historian, shows that the Founders understood the right to bear arms as neither an individual nor a collective right, but as a civic right--an obligation citizens owed to the state to arm themselves so that they could participate in a well regulated militia. He shows how the modern "collective right" view of the Second Amendment, the one federal courts have accepted for over a hundred years, owes more to the Anti-Federalists than the Founders. Likewise, the modern "individual right" view emerged only in the nineteenth century. The modern debate, Cornell reveals, has its roots in the nineteenth century, during America's first and now largely forgotten gun violence crisis, when the earliest gun control laws were passed and the first cases on the right to bear arms came before the courts. Equally important, he describes how the gun control battle took on a new urgency during Reconstruction, when Republicans and Democrats clashed over the meaning of the right to bear arms and its connection to the Fourteenth Amendment. When the Democrats defeated the Republicans, it elevated the "collective rights" theory to preeminence and set the terms for constitutional debate over this issue for the next century. A Well Regulated Militia not only restores the lost meaning of the original Second Amendment, but it provides a clear historical road map that charts how we have arrived at our current impasse over guns. For anyone interested in understanding the great American gun debate, this is a must read.

Download or read book The Founders Second Amendment written by Stephen P. Halbrook and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stephen P. Halbrook's The Founders' Second Amendment is the first book-length account of the origins of the Second Amendment, based on the Founders' own statements as found in newspapers, correspondence, debates, and resolutions. Mr. Halbrook investigates the period from 1768 to 1826, from the last years of British rule and the American Revolution through to the adoption of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, and the passing of the Founders' generation. His book offers the most comprehensive analysis of the arguments behind the drafting and adoption of the Second Amendment, and the intentions of the men who created it.

Download or read book Whose Right Is It The Second Amendment and the Fight Over Guns written by Hana Bajramovic and published by Henry Holt and Company (BYR). This book was released on 2020-09-22 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the truth about the Second Amendment, the NRA, and the United States’ centuries-long fight over guns in this first-of-its-kind book for middle grade readers. "A compelling, clear analysis of one of our country’s oldest dilemmas: how to balance gun rights with public safety. It tells the full and true story of the Second Amendment, and points to a way to bring sanity to our gun laws. A remarkable primer for all ages." —Michael Waldman, author of The Second Amendment: A Biography For the majority of the United States’ history, the right to own a gun belonged to a “well regulated militia.” That changed in 2008 with the historic District of Columbia v. Heller case, which ruled that the Second Amendment protected an individual’s right. In the years since, the debate over gun legislation has reached a crescendo. And the issue grows ever relevant to children across America, with an estimated three million exposed to shootings every year. From metal detectors to see-through backpacks to shooting drills, kids face daily reminders of the threat of guns. Hana Bajramovic's Whose Right Is It? The Second Amendment and the Fight Over Guns reveals how a once obscure amendment became the focus of daily heated debate. Filled with historical photos and informative graphics, the book will show young readers how gun legislation has always been a part of American history and how money, power, and systemic racism have long dictated our ability to own guns. A Junior Library Guild Selection "Hana Bajramovic provides readers with a compelling overview on the history of guns in the United States and the changing, conflicting interpretations of the Second Amendment certain to stimulate conversation and thinking on the part of future generations." —Award-winning author Doreen Rappaport

Download or read book The Right to Bear Arms in a Modern America written by Roosevelt Thoreau and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the U.S. Constitution is brilliant, do all of its 18th-Century notions make sense in a modern world? Specifically, should the right to keep and bear arms apply to today's relentlessly violent society where mentally and emotional disturbed individuals make headlines everyday by killing people in mass with high-powered , modernized weaponry? In an objective way, we explore the original application of the Second Amendment, as well as how the United State's courts have defined it through the years.The original Constitution, which 39 state delegates signed on September 17, 1787, after a four-month long Constitutional Convention, made it clear that any newly formed Federal Government of the United State of America would have limited powers.While the original Constitution expressed the notion of limited power within the Federal Government, it provided few specific rights and liberties for the people. Without these individual rights attached to the Constitution, many state delegates believed that a strong Federal Government could potentially abuse its citizens by denying them basic rights.These delegates, called Anti-Federalists, were led by Virginia's Patrick Henry, who did not sign the original Constitution and demanded a Bill of Rights for the people, refusing to support ratification of the document without amendments attached to it. Reluctantly, the Federalists led by Virginia delegate James Madison, the Father of the Constitution, being its primary writer, and New York delegate Alexander Hamilton agreed to the amendments in order to complete ratification.The Federal Government of the United States under the U.S. Constitution began operation on March 4, 1789, and on September 25, 1789, the first Congress adopted 12 amendments to the Constitution. In 1791, the states ratified 10 of those amendments. Sharing the Second Amendment of the 10 amendments are two ideas that the framers of the Constitution constructed to align with one another, although the specific reason for the alignment is not altogether clear in the eyes of many. The ambiguity of their relationship to one another has created division in the years since ratification. Additionally, the American populace has tested both ideas as separate entities through the years because of the amendments simple phrasing and lack of elaboration. Therefore, interpretations of the amendment are vast, and its place within the context of today's society adds to the complexity of the 27 words that make up Amendment II, which read:"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791, as part of the first ten amendments contained in the Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that the right belongs to individuals, while also ruling that the right is not unlimited and does not prohibit all regulation of either firearms or similar devices. State and local governments are limited to the same extent as the federal government from infringing this right per the incorporation of the Bill of Rights.The Second Amendment was based partially on the right to keep and bear arms in English common law and was influenced by the English Bill of Rights of 1689. Sir William Blackstone described this right as an auxiliary right, supporting the natural rights of self-defense, resistance to oppression, and the civic duty to act in concert in defense of the state.In the twenty-first century, the amendment has been subjected to renewed academic inquiry and judicial interest, and debate between various organizations regarding gun control and gun rights is a daily part of American society.

Download or read book The Hidden History of Guns and the Second Amendment written by Thom Hartmann and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thom Hartmann, the most popular progressive radio host in America and a New York Times bestselling author, looks at the real history of guns in America and what we can do to limit both their lethal impact and the power of the gun lobby. Taking his typically in-depth, historically informed view, Thom Hartmann examines the brutal role guns have played in American history, from the genocide of the Native Americans to the enforcement of slavery (Slave Patrols are in fact the Second Amendment's “well-regulated militias”) and the racist post–Civil War social order. He shows how the NRA and conservative Supreme Court justices used specious logic to invent a virtually unlimited individual right to own guns, which has enabled the ever-growing number of mass shootings in the United States. But Hartmann also identifies a handful of powerful, commonsense solutions that would break the power of the gun lobby and restore the understanding of the Second Amendment that the Framers of the Constitution intended. This is the kind of brief, brilliant analysis for which Hartmann is justly renowned.

Download or read book The Right to Bear Arms written by Hallie Murray and published by Enslow Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2017-07-15 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hot button issue that is in the news daily, the right to bear arms is one of Americans’ most provincial and cherished rights. There are more guns per capita in the United States than anywhere else in the world. Through engaging and enlightening text, the Second Amendment, the right to bear arms, is studied in-depth. Analyzing the varying views on the amendment, students will get the opportunity to learn about the different interpretations of the amendment. The history of the amendment, as well as its creators, supporters, and detractors are studied thoroughly. Primary source documents allow readers to examine the amendments themselves and come up with their own conclusions. Full-color and black-and-white photos help students better understand the Bill of Rights and its creation. Further reading and sidebars encourage students to explore the amendments further, and a glossary helps students master new vocabulary.

Download or read book That Every Man be Armed written by Stephen P. Halbrook and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A revised and updated edition of Halbrook's 1984 book discussing the Second Amendment and the individual right to bear arms"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book The Federalist Papers written by Alexander Hamilton and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classic Books Library presents this brand new edition of “The Federalist Papers”, a collection of separate essays and articles compiled in 1788 by Alexander Hamilton. Following the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776, the governing doctrines and policies of the States lacked cohesion. “The Federalist”, as it was previously known, was constructed by American statesman Alexander Hamilton, and was intended to catalyse the ratification of the United States Constitution. Hamilton recruited fellow statesmen James Madison Jr., and John Jay to write papers for the compendium, and the three are known as some of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Alexander Hamilton (c. 1755–1804) was an American lawyer, journalist and highly influential government official. He also served as a Senior Officer in the Army between 1799-1800 and founded the Federalist Party, the system that governed the nation’s finances. His contributions to the Constitution and leadership made a significant and lasting impact on the early development of the nation of the United States.

Download or read book War on Hate written by Henry Kopel and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-07-12 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UN outlawed genocide in 1948, and the United States launched a war on terror in 2001; yet still today, neither genocide nor terrorism shows any sign of abating. This book explains why those efforts have fallen short and identifies policies that can prevent such carnage. The key is getting the causation analysis right. Conventional wisdom emphasizes ancient hatreds, poverty, and the impact of Western colonialism as drivers of mass violence. But far more important is the inciting power of mass, ideological hate propaganda: this is what activates the drive to commit mass atrocities, and creates the multitude of perpetrators needed to conduct a genocide or sustain a terror campaign. A secondary causal factor is illiberal, dualistic political culture: this is the breeding ground for the extremist, “us-vs-them” ideologies that always precipitate episodes of mass hate incitement. A two-tiered policy response naturally follows from this analysis: in the short term, several targeted interventions to curtail outbreaks of such incitement; and in the long term, support for indigenous agents of liberalization in venues most at risk for ideologically-driven violence.

Download or read book The Second Amendment written by Patrick J. Charles and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2009-03-23 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." Legal historians, analysts, judges and commentators have long disagreed about the original scope and intent of these words, making up the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. Individual right theorists interpret it as protecting the personal privilege to own and carry firearms, while collective right theorists interpret it as only protecting the privilege of a collective society to bear arms in relation to militia service. This book examines the contentions of both groups and concludes that the amendment is meant only to protect the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" for the purpose of defending the country in a militia force against standing foreign or domestic armies. In crafting his argument, the author examines the Second Amendment in exacting detail. On June 28, 2010, the book was cited by Associate Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer in a dissenting opinion for the landmark case McDonald v. City of Chicago.

Download or read book The Politics of Gun Control written by Robert J. Spitzer and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is the classic work on the tumultuous national gun debate in the US. The eighth edition brings together the latest research in gun politics, policy, law, history, and criminology and covers new topics including the Second Amendment sanctuary movement, the connection between the concealed gun carry movement and crime, the cascading troubles besetting the National Rifle Association coupled with a surging gun safety movement, the bump stock controversy, and the rise of red flag laws. This book provides a comprehensive and accessible source widely used by scholars, journalists, and in classrooms. New to the Eighth Edition - Covers the ascendance of the Second Amendment sanctuary and gun safety movements, resulting from heinous shootings in Las Vegas and Parkland, Florida. Tracks the financial, political, and legal crises that threaten the dominance of the National Rifle Association. Examines new policy measures including universal background checks, limits on large capacity ammunition magazines, the bump stock controversy, and "red flag" laws, among others"--

Download or read book The Second Amendment written by Steven Daniel and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well. Regulated. Militia. These three words are the intellectual foundation that all federal gun control is built upon in America. The advocates for gun control (either well-intentioned folk, or intellectual state supremacists) argue that the original intent of the 2nd amendment was to grant congress an unlimited and undefined power to regulate arms and its uses. They assume that congress, or an agency within the executive branch, has broad constitutional authority to regulate private ownership of arms. Are we to believe that the men who lead an armed resistance against a tyrannical government, are the same men who would grant their new government such a power? Something does not add up. Where does "shall not be infringed" fit into this theory? Honest observers know that none of this is true. With no sense of irony they argue that the 2nd article, in a charter of individual rights, is actually a grant of power to government. This book, once and for all, reduces this argument to ashes. If the goal is to understand the original intent of the 2nd amendment, it seems obvious we must consult the writings of those who drafted it, debated it, and ratified it. We must consider the immediate circumstances, influences, and the context of the times. We must consider the basic self-evident truths about human nature. The amendment must be read within the context of the US Constitution. Fortunately for us we do not have to speculate about what the founders thought about an armed citizenry. They told us exactly what they though, and their words are discoverable by those who consult the historical record. Many other authors on the subject extend their research from ancient times, up to the modern day. This book centers around the most relevant and neglected part of 2nd amendment history - the constitutional drafting and ratifying period in America. This book provides a vast array of direct quotes from the founders themselves. If you have you ever wondered: Why was the 2nd amendment included in the bill of rights? How does constitutional interpretation affect the meaning of the 2nd amendment? What did the framers mean when they wrote "well regulated militia?" What is a militia, and who composes that body? Is there a difference between a standing army and a militia? Is the national guard our modern day militia? Does congress have powers over the militia? What were the Federalist and Anti-Federalist positions surrounding this subject? All of these questions, and much more, are answered. Overall, if you are interested in the actual history of the 2nd amendment, this book is for you. The truth is that the 2nd amendment has its own meaning - Its own original intent. This intent has its own independent existence that is not subject to change because of what you or I may think. Its intent does not change because we feel that it should be different. The 2nd amendment should be understood objectively and without distortions. It is a law written in stone, not an ever-evolving organism. It's time the 2nd amendment is recognized for what it is - a listed inalienable right, within a charter of rights. This right exists despite government approval and is immune to government coercion. It deserves to be treated as part of the highest law of the land. Most importantly, it should be something that citizens can rely on to protect their lives, their property, their country, and their liberty - exactly as the founders intended. Follow the Author on Twitter @ActualConversa1

Download or read book Blackstone s Commentaries written by William Blackstone and published by . This book was released on 1803 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: