Download or read book Science on a Mission written by Naomi Oreskes and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vivid portrait of how Naval oversight shaped American oceanography, revealing what difference it makes who pays for science. What difference does it make who pays for science? Some might say none. If scientists seek to discover fundamental truths about the world, and they do so in an objective manner using well-established methods, then how could it matter who’s footing the bill? History, however, suggests otherwise. In science, as elsewhere, money is power. Tracing the recent history of oceanography, Naomi Oreskes discloses dramatic changes in American ocean science since the Cold War, uncovering how and why it changed. Much of it has to do with who pays. After World War II, the US military turned to a new, uncharted theater of warfare: the deep sea. The earth sciences—particularly physical oceanography and marine geophysics—became essential to the US Navy, which poured unprecedented money and logistical support into their study. Science on a Mission brings to light how this influx of military funding was both enabling and constricting: it resulted in the creation of important domains of knowledge but also significant, lasting, and consequential domains of ignorance. As Oreskes delves into the role of patronage in the history of science, what emerges is a vivid portrait of how naval oversight transformed what we know about the sea. It is a detailed, sweeping history that illuminates the ways funding shapes the subject, scope, and tenor of scientific work, and it raises profound questions about the purpose and character of American science. What difference does it make who pays? The short answer is: a lot.
Download or read book U S Navy Symposium on Military Oceanography written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ocean Science Program of the U S Navy written by United States. Navy Department. Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ;Contents: History of Navy ocean science; Organizational structure; The Navy ocean science program; Facilities of the ocean science program; The Navy ocean science program and the marine community; Prospects for the future.
Download or read book The Ocean Science Program of the U S Navy Accomplishments and Prospects June 1967 written by United States. Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanographers and the Cold War written by Jacob Darwin Hamblin and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanographers and the Cold War is about patronage, politics, and the community of scientists. It is the first book to examine the study of the oceans during the Cold War era and explore the international focus of American oceanographers, taking into account the roles of the U.S. Navy, United States foreign policy, and scientists throughout the world. Jacob Hamblin demonstrates that to understand the history of American oceanography, one must consider its role in both conflict and cooperation with other nations. Paradoxically, American oceanography after World War II was enmeshed in the military-industrial complex while characterized by close international cooperation. The military dimension of marine science--with its involvement in submarine acoustics, fleet operations, and sea-launched nuclear missiles--coexisted with data exchange programs with the Soviet Union and global operations in seas without borders. From an uneasy cooperation with the Soviet bloc in the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58, to the NATO Science Committee in the late 1960s, which excluded the Soviet Union, to the U.S. Marine Sciences Council, which served as an important national link between scientists and the government, Oceanographers and the Cold War reveals the military and foreign policy goals served by U.S. government involvement in cooperative activities between scientists, such as joint cruises and expeditions. It demonstrates as well the extent to which oceanographers used international cooperation as a vehicle to pursue patronage from military, government, and commercial sponsors during the Cold War, as they sought support for their work by creating "disciples of marine science" wherever they could.
Download or read book Department of the Navy Ten Year Program in Oceanography written by United States. Navy Department and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanography and Mine Warfare written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-07 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental information is important for successful planning and execution of naval operations. A thorough understanding of environmental variability greatly increases the likelihood of mission success. To ensure that naval forces have the most up-to-date capabilities, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) has an extensive environmental research program. This research, to be of greatest use to the warfighter, needs to be directed towards assisting and solving battlefield problems. To increase research community understanding of the operational demands placed on naval operators and to facilitate discussion between these two groups, the National Research Council's (NRC) Ocean Studies Board (OSB), working with ONR and the Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy, convened five previous symposia on tactical oceanography. Oceanography and Mine Warfare examines the following issues: (1) how environmental data are used in current mine warfare doctrine, (2) current procedures for in situ collection of data, (3) the present capabilities of the Navy's oceanographic community to provide supporting information for mine warfare operations, and (4) the ability of oceanographic research and technology developments to enhance current mine warfare capabilities. This report primarily concentrates on the importance of oceanographic data for mine countermeasures.
Download or read book The Ocean Science Program of the U S Navy written by United States. Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanography written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on National Security. Subcommittee on Military Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Ocean in Common written by Gary E. Weir and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-01 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through two victorious world conflicts and a Cold War, the U.S. Navy and American ocean scientists drew ever closer, converting an early marriage of necessity into a relationship of astonishing achievement. Beginning in 1919, Gary Weir's An Ocean in Common traces the first forty-two years of their joint quest to understand each other and the deep ocean. Early in the twentieth century, American naval officers questioned the tactical and strategic significance of applied ocean science, demonstrating the gap between this kind of knowledge and that deemed critical to naval warfare. At the same time, scientists studying the ocean labored in their inadequately funded, discreet disciplines, seemingly content to keep naval warfare at arm's length. German U-boat success in World War I changed these views fundamentally, bringing ocean science insights to an increasing number of naval objectives. Driven primarily by anti-submarine priorities, the physics, chemistry, and geology of the ocean, more than its biology, became the early focus of American ocean studies. The World War II experience solidified the Navy's relationship with ocean scientists, and the years after 1945 found the American military investing heavily in both applied and basic research. Today, oceanography is a permanent resident on the bridge of American fighting ships and the Navy continues to provide much of the impetus and funding for fundamental research, in both naval and civilian laboratories. In An Ocean in Common Gary Weir focuses on the compelling motives and carefully engineered course that brought scientists and naval officers together, across a considerable cultural divide, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of one another and the world ocean. Weir details how this alliance laid the powerful multidisciplinary foundation for long-range ocean communication and surveillance, modern submarine warfare, deep submergence, and the emergence of oceanography and ocean engineering as independent and vital fields of study.
Download or read book Environmental Information for Naval Warfare written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate and timely environmental information can provide a tactical advantage to U.S. naval forces during warfare. This report analyzes the current environmental information system used by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps and recommends ways to address uncertainty and leverage network-centric operating principles to enhance the value of environmental information.
Download or read book Oceanography written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Oceanography and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanography written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers. H.R. 9361, the Marine Sciences and Research Act of 1959, to authorize implementation of policies expressed in S. Res. 136 and coordination with Navy Dept "Ten Years in Oceanography" (TENOC) program to establish a Government wide ten year program of ocean and marine research and development. H.R. 10412, to establish a Coordinating Committee on Oceanographic Surveys consisting of representatives of Federal agencies conducting oceanographic surveys. H.R. 12018, to establish a National Oceanographic Data Center under the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in the Commerce Dept.
Download or read book Ocean Science and the British Cold War State written by Samuel A. Robinson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the activities of the scientific staff of the British National Institute of Oceanography during the Cold War. Revealing how issues such as intelligence gathering, environmental surveillance, the identification of ‘enemy science’, along with administrative practice informed and influenced the Institute’s Cold War program. In turn, this program helped shape decisions taken by Government, military and the civil service towards science in post-war Britain. This was not simply a case of government ministers choosing to patronize particular scientists, but a relationship between politics and science that profoundly impacted on the future of ocean science in Britain.
Download or read book Coastal Oceanography written by Herman Gade and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanography in the United States written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Oceanography and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanography in the United States written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
