Download or read book Military Innovation and Carrier Aviation An Analysis written by Jan Tol and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this article, which appeared in the last issue of JFQ, charted the historical development of British and American carrier aviation, with particular emphasis on the complex interplay of technological, operational, and organizational factors. The second part treats key questions on how this revolution succeeded in the U.S. Navy and was rather less successful in the Royal Navy and what that implies for military innovation. Among questions considered are: (1) How quickly did those who grasped the vision move from a vague to a clearly defined vision? (2) How quickly did change take place? (3) Which mattered more to making progress, individuals or groups? (4) What were the barriers to change and how were they overcome? (5) Did change depend on having a particular enemy? (6) How important was competition? (7) How important was a consciousness of the new concept's potential?
Download or read book Military Innovation Carrier Aviation The Relevant History written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major differences between the United States and Great Britain in both the development and employment of aircraft carriers and carrier aviation in the interwar years suggest how innovation was highly successful in the American case and much less so in the British. The only country with carriers at the end of World War I was Britain. It had used carrier-based aircraft to carry out the sort of missions that characterized mature operations during World War II. Royal Navy leaders supported aviation in the fleet. Yet by 1939 Britain was outclassed by America and Japan because of its obsolete carrier aircraft. How was such a reversal possible? The early 1920s found the United States with huge capital ship construction underway and approaching Britain in Mahanian splendor. A decade later, the battleship remained dominant while the battle force was far smaller than anticipated. Two carriers entered service and promised to alter naval warfare, and six months after America entered World War II carriers decisively changed the nature of the Pacific War. The most important development leading to this capability took place in an era of disarmament and severe budgetary constraints. Revolutions in military affairs are driven by the interplay of technological, operational, and organizational factors. This article describes the historical evolution of British and American carrier aviation, with emphasis on those factors. An article in the next issue of JFQ will analyze how this revolution succeeded in America, why it was less successful in Britain, and the subject of military innovation in general.
Download or read book Innovation in Carrier Aviation written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-07 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exceptional book examines the watershed period in carrier development that occurred immediately following World War II, when design advances were made that would be crucial to the centrality in national-security policy making that carriers and naval aviation have today. In those years several major technological breakthroughs-notably the jet engine and nuclear weapons-raised large questions about the future and led to an array of innovations in the design and operational utilization of aircraft carriers. Central to this story is the collaboration between the aviation communities in the navies of the United States and Great Britain during these years, building on the intimate relationship they had developed during the war itself. Strikingly, the most important of these innovations, notably the angled flight deck and steam catapult, originated with the British, not the Americans. This study thereby also provides interesting lessons for the U.S. Navy today with respect to its commitment to maritime security cooperation in the context of its new "maritime strategy." It is a welcome and important addition to the historiography of the Navy in the seminal years of the Cold War. CHAPTER ONE - BuAer before World War II * CHAPTER TWO - BuAer in World War II * CHAPTER THREE - The Potential of the Big Bomber * CHAPTER FOUR - Royal Navy Wartime Experience and Analysis * CHAPTER FIVE - Adopting Jet Engines * CHAPTER SIX - British and American Prospects after the War * CHAPTER SEVEN - The Flexdeck * CHAPTER EIGHT - Catapults: Choosing an Option under Pressure * CHAPTER NINE - Analysis The study on which this monograph is based was commissioned by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (Net Assessment) in the fall of 2006 as part of that office's longstanding support for studies of military innovation. In some sense, the OSD(NA) project was a follow-on to an earlier study by the present coauthors, published in 1999 as American & British Aircraft Carrier Development, 1919-1941 by the Naval Institute Press. In the mid-1980s, Andrew Marshall, the director of the Office of Net Assessment in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, encouraged a number of investigators to examine cases of innovation in the U.S. armed forces and in the armed forces of other countries. His encouragement, coupled with the financial support of his office, led to a number of studies, among which was the book American & British Aircraft Carrier Development, 1919-1941 (Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1999), written by the authors of the study that you are about to read. The success of American & British Aircraft Carrier Development, 1919-1941 led Mr. Marshall to ask whether we might examine the development of the modern aircraft carrier after World War II. We already knew that the three essential innovations-the steam catapult, the angled flight deck, and the optical landing aid - had been developed first in Great Britain for and by the Royal Navy. Then all three innovations had been picked up by the U.S. Navy. But why, Mr. Marshall wanted to know, had the Royal Navy developed these innovations first? He asked us to come together and answer that question, as well as the related question of how these innovations were "transferred" so quickly to the U.S. Navy. Mr. Marshall's interest was in the process of innovation and in how innovations spread. We have tried to find answers to his questions.
Download or read book Military Innovation in the Interwar Period written by Williamson R. Murray and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-08-13 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of major military innovations in the 1920s and 1930s.
Download or read book Winning the Next War written by Stephen Peter Rosen and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How and when do military innovations take place? Do they proceed differently during times of peace and times of war? In Winning the Next War, Stephen Peter Rosen argues that armies and navies are not forever doomed to "fight the last war." Rather, they are able to respond to shifts in the international strategic situation. He also discusses the changing relationship between the civilian innovator and the military bureaucrat. In peacetime, Rosen finds, innovation has been the product of analysis and the politics of military promotion, in a process that has slowly but successfully built military capabilities critical to American military success. In wartime, by contrast, innovation has been constrained by the fog of war and the urgency of combat needs. Rosen draws his principal evidence from U.S. military policy between 1905 and 1960, though he also discusses the British army's experience with the battle tank during World War I.
Download or read book American Carrier Air Power at the Dawn of a New Century written by Benjamin S. Lambeth and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2006-05-22 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Afghanistan war, U.S. carrier-based fighters substituted almost entirely for land-based theater air forces. The Navy's carriers again played a key role in conducting around-the-clock operations against Saddam Hussein's forces in Iraq. American carrier air power is now able to conduct coordinated deep-strike missions well beyond coastal reaches. The Navy's performance over Afghanistan and Iraq showed how the nation's carrier force can provide around-the-clock target coverage, consistently accurate target attack, and multiple successful target attacks per sortie.
Download or read book Innovation in Carrier Aviation written by Thomas C. Hone and published by Naval War College Newport Pape. This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is about innovations in carrier aviation and the spread of those innovations from one navy to the navy of a close ally. The innovations are the angled flight deck ; the steam catapult ; and the mirror and lighted landing aid that enabled pilots to land jet aircraft on a carrier's short and narrow flight deck.
Download or read book How Carriers Fought written by Lars Celander and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth analysis of aircraft carrier battles in WWII and the evolution of carrier operations—from technology and strategy to life among the crew. First built in 1921, the aircraft carrier brought a new dimension to military strategy as the United States entered World War II. How Carriers Fought examines the evolution of carrier operations with a special focus on the conflict in the Pacific between the US Navy and the imperial Japanese fleet. Starting with a discussion of the tools and building blocks of carrier operations, historian Lars Celander then provides an analysis of various carrier battles to demonstrate how strategy and operations developed during the war. Every aspect of carrier warfare is covered, from navigation and communication technology to life inside the cockpit. A world of tactical dehydration and amphetamine pills is explored, as well as the measures pilots used to reduce their risk of death in the event of being hit. The major carrier battles of the war are considered, from Coral Sea and Leyte Gulf to the Battle of Midway, where the Japanese decided to divide their forces while the Americans concentrated theirs. How Carriers Fought analyzes these tactics, exploring which worked best in theory and in practice.
Download or read book The Diffusion of Military Power written by Michael C. Horowitz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Diffusion of Military Power examines how the financial and organizational challenges of adopting new methods of fighting wars can influence the international balance of power. Michael Horowitz argues that a state or actor wishing to adopt a military innovation must possess both the financial resources to buy or build the technology and the internal organizational capacity to accommodate any necessary changes in recruiting, training, or operations. How countries react to new innovations--and to other actors that do or don't adopt them--has profound implications for the global order and the likelihood of war. Horowitz looks at some of the most important military innovations throughout history, including the advent of the all-big-gun steel battleship, the development of aircraft carriers and nuclear weapons, and the use of suicide terror by nonstate actors. He shows how expensive innovations can favor wealthier, more powerful countries, but also how those same states often stumble when facing organizationally complicated innovations. Innovations requiring major upheavals in doctrine and organization can disadvantage the wealthiest states due to their bureaucratic inflexibility and weight the balance of power toward smaller and more nimble actors, making conflict more likely. This book provides vital insights into military innovations and their impact on U.S. foreign policy, warfare, and the distribution of power in the international system.
Download or read book Identification of Promising Naval Aviation Science and Technology Opportunities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Defense is developing the means to transform the nation's armed forces to meet future military challenges. For the Navy and Marine Corps, this vision is encompassed in Naval Power 21. Many new war-fighting concepts will be needed to implement this vision, and the ONR has requested the NRC to identify new science and technology opportunities for new naval aviation capabilities to support those concepts. This report presents an assessment of what they imply for naval aviation, an analysis of some capabilities that, if developed, would make a significant contribution to realizing those concepts, and an identification of key technologies in which ONR could invest to achieve those capabilities. In particular, the report focuses on seven key capabilities: multispectral defense, unmanned air operations, hypersonic weapons delivery, fast-kill weapons, heavy-lift air transport, intelligent combat information management, and omniscient intelligence.
Download or read book Competition and Innovation in the U S Fixed Wing Military Aircraft Industry written by John Birkler and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-11-07 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assess prospects for innovation and competition in the military combat-aircraft industry. o
Download or read book Technological Change and the United States Navy 1865 1945 written by William M. McBride and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, Engineer-Historian Award from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Navies have always been technologically sophisticated, from the ancient world's trireme galleys and the Age of Sail's ships-of-the-line to the dreadnoughts of World War I and today's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and submarines. Yet each large technical innovation has met with resistance and even hostility from those officers who, adhering to a familiar warrior ethos, have grown used to a certain style of fighting. In Technological Change and the United States Navy, William M. McBride examines how the navy dealt with technological change—from the end of the Civil War through the "age of the battleship"—as technology became more complex and the nation assumed a global role. Although steam engines generally made their mark in the maritime world by 1865, for example, and proved useful to the Union riverine navy during the Civil War, a backlash within the service later developed against both steam engines and the engineers who ran them. Early in the twentieth century the large dreadnought battleship at first met similar resistance from some officers, including the famous Alfred Thayer Mahan, and their industrial and political allies. During the first half of the twentieth century the battleship exercised a dominant influence on those who developed the nation's strategies and operational plans—at the same time that advances in submarines and fixed-wing aircraft complicated the picture and undermined the battleship's superiority. In any given period, argues McBride, some technologies initially threaten the navy's image of itself. Professional jealousies and insecurities, ignorance, and hidebound traditions arguably influenced the officer corps on matters of technology as much as concerns about national security, and McBride contends that this dynamic persists today. McBride also demonstrates the interplay between technological innovation and other influences on naval adaptability—international commitments, strategic concepts, government-industrial relations, and the constant influence of domestic politics. Challenging technological determinism, he uncovers the conflicting attitudes toward technology that guided naval policy between the end of the Civil War and the dawning of the nuclear age. The evolution and persistence of the "battleship navy," he argues, offer direct insight into the dominance of the aircraft-carrier paradigm after 1945 and into the twenty-first century.
Download or read book Air Power in the Maritime Environment written by David Gates and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the mingling of two rather different perspectives, those of the naval and aeronautical schools of thought, and the impact that they had upon one another in natural, professional and geopolitical settings. To explain the manner in which air power was incorporated into warfare between 1914 and 1945 it studies the deeds of practitioners, the limitations of technology, the realities of combat and the varying institutional dynamics and strategic priorities of the major maritime powers. It is underpinned by an appreciation of the geostrategic setting of the key maritime states, while addressing the challenges of operating in this multifaceted environment and the major technological developments which enabled air power to play an ever greater role in the maritime sphere. The potential for air power to influence warfare in the maritime environment was fully realised during the Second World War and its impact is demonstrated through an analysis of a wide range of the fleet operations and how it was utilised in the defence of trade and sea lanes. As such this book will be of interest to both naval and air power historians and those wanting a fuller perspective on maritime strategy in this period.
Download or read book Managing Defense Transformation written by Asst Prof Adam N Stulberg and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some military organizations more adept than others at reinventing themselves? Why do some efforts succeed rapidly while others only gather momentum over time or become sidetracked or even subverted? This book explicates the conditions under which military organizations have both succeeded and failed at institutionalizing new ideas and forms of warfare. Through comparative analysis of some classic cases - US naval aviation during the interwar period; German and British armour development during the same period; and the US Army's experience with counter-insurgency during the Vietnam War - the authors offer a novel explanation for change rooted in managerial strategies for aligning service incentives and norms. With contemporary policy makers scrambling to digest the lessons of recent wars in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as to meet the unfolding challenges of the new revolution in military affairs (RMA), understanding the sources and impediments to transformation has become critical.
Download or read book Aircraft Carrier Anti air Self Defense System Design and Analysis written by William J. Deligne and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pentagon Paradox written by James Perry Stevenson and published by US Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Did the U.S. Navy avoid Congress's explicit direction to "navalize" the winning design in a flyoff competition - by lying to Congress with the argument that the winner was not carrier capable - and then develop the losing aircraft into an even worse fighter for its carrier squadrons? To find the answer James Stevenson, an experienced aviation writer, dug through government files and interviewed key players to present this hard-hitting, behind-the-scenes account of the development of one of the Navy's current front-line aircraft. His investigation exposes the politics of Pentagon weapons procurement, a process that pits service against service, the military against Congress, admirals against generals, pilots against engineers, hard liners against reformers. This book provides a developmental history of the F-18 Hornet from drawing board to its results in Desert Storm. It is the story of a multi-billion-dollar aircraft-design war between those military officers who insist that America's interests will be protected best by sophisticated aircraft, even if America can afford fewer of them, and a group known as the "Fighter Mafia", who claim that larger numbers have always won in warfare and that for equal dollars America can only produce greater numbers if each one is less sophisticated. He shows that by picking the YF-17 - and renaming the F-17 as the F-18 - over the clearly superior YF-16, the Navy antagonized the Air Force, Congress, and its own F-14 community, and sparked a major legal battle. Undeterred, the Navy took the light, cheap YF-17 and loaded it with technology and weight, which produced an F-18 that has less maneuverability, less acceleration, a range no better than the1952-vintage A-4, and costs almost three times as much as the F-16. From its first flight in 1978, the F-18 performance continued to degrade. Nevertheless, in 1992 the Navy asked for additional money to modify the F-18 as the F-18E/F. This request was in reality funding for a brand-new aircraft, which Stevenson calls the F-19, designed to get back to the original requirements and help bail out the financially troubled McDonnell Douglas. In this highly readable study, Stevenson takes the reader into the Pentagon's corridors of power, where test results are distorted, history rewritten, and requirements changed to match aircraft performance, and the public's trust and treasure squandered. Fascinating yet sobering, The Pentagon Paradox will appeal to everyone interested in the military establishment, the future of U.S. forces, and how tax dollars are spent.
Download or read book Technology and Military Doctrine written by Irving Brinton Holley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation of essays includes copies of speeches and articles that Dr. I. B. Holley Jr., Major General, USAFR, retired, has delivered and written throughout his career as a military officer and scholar of military history and thought. In these essays, Holley primarily addresses the need for the Air Force to adapt its doctrine and the processes of formulating and disseminating that guidance as the technology of air and space warfare improves. Dr. Holley2s common message throughout is that the process of how the Air Force develops its doctrine and preaches and teaches that doctrine to its Airmen is as important or, perhaps, more so than its content.
