Download or read book Mid Infrared Photonics in Silicon written by Raji Shankar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mid-infrared wavelength region (2-20 μm) is of great utility for a number of applications, including chemical bond spectroscopy, trace gas sensing, and medical diagnostics. Despite this wealth of applications, the on-chip mid-IR photonics platform needed to access them is relatively undeveloped. Silicon is an attractive material of choice for the mid-IR, as it exhibits low loss through much of the mid-IR. Using silicon allows us to take advantage of well-developed fabrication techniques and CMOS compatibility, making the realization of on-chip integrated mid-IR devices more realistic. The mid-IR wavelengths also afford the opportunity to exploit Si's high third-order optical nonlinearity for nonlinear frequency generation applications.
Download or read book Germanium on Silicon for Mid infrared Photonics written by Ugnė Griškevičiūtė and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mid infrared Optoelectronics written by Eric Tournié and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-19 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-infrared Optoelectronics: Materials, Devices, and Applications addresses the new materials, devices and applications that have emerged over the last decade, along with exciting areas of research. Sections cover fundamentals, light sources, photodetectors, new approaches, and the application of mid-IR devices, with sections discussing LEDs, laser diodes, and quantum cascade lasers, mid-infrared optoelectronics, emerging research areas, dilute bismide and nitride alloys, Group-IV materials, gallium nitride heterostructures, and new nonlinear materials. Finally, the most relevant applications of mid-infrared devices are reviewed in industry, gas sensing, spectroscopy, and imaging. This book presents a key reference for materials scientists, engineers and professionals working in R&D in the area of semiconductors and optoelectronics. Provides a comprehensive overview of mid-infrared photodetectors and light sources and the latest materials and devices Reviews emerging areas of research in the field of mid-infrared optoelectronics, including new materials, such as wide bandgap materials, chalcogenides and new approaches, like heterogeneous integration Includes information on the most relevant applications in industry, like gas sensing, spectroscopy and imaging
Download or read book High Speed Low Power and Mid IR Silicon Photonics Applications written by Luca Alloatti and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-27 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the first high-speed silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulator is demonstrated by exploiting a highly-nonlinear polymer cladding and a silicon waveguide. By using a liquid crystal cladding instead, an ultra-low power phase shifter is obtained. A third type of device is proposed for achieving three-wave mixing on the silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) platform. Finally, new physical constants which describe the optical absorption in charge accumulation/inversion layers in silicon are determined.
Download or read book Silicon Photonic Devices for Optical Delay Lines and Mid infrared Applications written by Saeed Khan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics has been a rapidly growing subfield of integrated optics and optoelectronic in the last decade and is currently considered a mature technology. The main thrust behind the growth is its compatibility with the mature and low-cost microelectronic integrated circuits fabrication process. In recent years, several active and passive photonic devices and circuits have been demonstrated on silicon. Optical delay lines are among important silicon photonic devices, which are essential for a variety of photonic system applications including optical beam-forming for controlling phased-array antennas, optical communication and networking systems and optical coherence tomography. In this thesis, several types of delay lines based on apodized grating waveguides are proposed and demonstrated. Simulation and experimental results suggest that these novel devices can provide high optical delay and tunability at very high bit rate. While most of silicon photonics research has focused in the near-infrared wavelengths, extending the operating wavelength range of the technology into in the 3-5 [micrometer], or the mid-wave infrared regime, is a more recent field of research. A key challenge has been that the standard silicon-on-insulator waveguides are not suitable for the mid-infrared, since the material loss of the buried oxide layer becomes substantially high. Here, the silicon-on-sapphire waveguide technology, which can extend silicon's operating wavelength range up to 4.4 [micrometer], is investigated. Furthermore, silicon-on-nitride waveguides, boasting a wide transparent range of 1.2-6.7 [micrometer], are demonstrated and characterized for the first time at both mid-infrared (3.39 [micrometer]) and near-infrared (1.55 [micrometer]) wavelengths.
Download or read book Laser based Mid infrared Sources and Applications written by Konstantin L. Vodopyanov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important guide to the major techniques for generating coherent light in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum Laser-based Mid-infrared Sources and Applications gives a comprehensive overview of the existing methods for generating coherent light in the important yet difficult-to-reach mid-infrared region of the spectrum (2–20 μm) and their applications. The book describes major approaches for mid-infrared light generation including ion-doped solid-state lasers, fiber lasers, semiconductor lasers, and laser sources based on nonlinear optical frequency conversion, and reviews a range of applications: spectral recognition of molecules and trace gas sensing, biomedical and military applications, high-field physics and attoscience, and others. Every chapter starts with the fundamentals for a given technique that enables self-directed study, while extensive references help conduct deeper research. Laser-based Mid-infrared Sources and Applications provides up-to-date information on the state-of the art mid-infrared sources, discusses in detail the advancements made over the last two decades such as microresonators and interband cascade lasers, and explores novel approaches that are currently subjects of intense research such as supercontinuum and frequency combs generation. This important book: • Explains the fundamental principles and major techniques for coherent mid-infrared light generation • Discusses recent advancements and current cutting-edge research in the field • Highlights important biomedical, environmental, and military applications Written for researchers, academics, students, and engineers from different disciplines, the book helps navigate the rapidly expanding field of mid-infrared laser-based technologies.
Download or read book Silicon Based Photonics written by Erich Kasper and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics has evolved rapidly as a research topic with enormous application potential. The high refractive index contrast of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) shows great promise for submicron waveguide structures suited for integration on the chip scale in the near-infrared region. Ge- and GeSn-Si heterostructures with different elastic strain levels already provide expansion of the spectral range, high-speed operation, efficient modulation and switching of optical signals, and enhanced light emission and lasing. This book focuses on the integration of heterostructure devices with silicon photonics. The authors have attempted to merge a concise treatment of classical silicon photonics with a description of principles, prospects, challenges, and technical solution paths of adding silicon-based heterostructures. The book discusses the basics of heterostructure-based silicon photonics, system layouts, and key device components, keeping in mind the application background. Special focus is placed on SOI-based waveguide configurations and Ge- and GeSn-Si heterostructure devices for light detection, modulation, and light emission and lasing. The book also provides an overview of the technological and materials science challenges connected with integration on silicon. The first half of the book is mainly for readers who are interested in the topic because of its increasing importance in different fields, while the latter half covers different device structures for light emission, detection, modulation, extension of the wavelength beyond 1.6 μm, and lasing, as well as future challenges.
Download or read book Handbook of Silicon Photonics written by Laurent Vivien and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of integrated silicon photonic circuits has recently been driven by the Internet and the push for high bandwidth as well as the need to reduce power dissipation induced by high data-rate signal transmission. To reach these goals, efficient passive and active silicon photonic devices, including waveguide, modulators, photodetectors,
Download or read book Nonlinear Silicon Photonics from the Near to Mid Infrared written by Jung Soo Park and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents experimental work investigating silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic waveguides for parametric nonlinear optic devices. An introduction is presented in Chapter 1, including background and motivation for exploring SOI as a platform for integrated photonics, as well as an overview of integrated nonlinear optic devices. Chapter 2 discusses on-chip slow light structures based on coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROW), potentially useful for enhancing nonlinearities for efficient chip-scale nonlinear optics. Although slowing light is limited by fabrication tolerance-induced disorder, a fundamental phenomenon is observed : the Anderson localization of optical waves. Chapter 3 of the dissertation discusses four-wave mixing in SOI waveguides. SOI waveguide fabrication is described in detail, including achieving low fiber-to-chip coupling loss and waveguide propagation loss. Two approaches for dispersion engineering are presented : with the design of waveguide dimensions and with a thin-film cladding. Parametric wavelength conversion by degenerate (single-pump) FWM in these dispersion-engineered waveguides is demonstrated and discussed. Chapter 4 concerns FWM with two pumps, an approach that promises functionalities not possible with a single pump such as multiple sideband generation with self-seeded higher-order pumps. In addition to demonstrating the generation of up to ten sidebands with dual pumps and subsequent self-seeded higher order pumps, we characterize trade-offs in maximum conversion efficiency due to nondegenerate two-photon absorption (TPA). The work presented in Chapter 5 takes a novel approach to SOI parametric devices by exploring a new spectral range, toward the mid-infrared (mid-IR), near 2 [Mu]m and beyond. We measure FWM in silicon waveguides with a pump near 2 [Mu]m, which itself is generated by the parametric conversion of a 1300 nm seed by a 1589 nm pump in a highly-nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Fundamentally, our results show promising nonlinear properties of silicon waveguides near 2 [Mu]m, as the generation of a record-long wavelength from a first-order parametric conversion in a waveguide of 2388 nm is achieved. This result also demonstrates promise for a new class of mid-IR light sources constructed from sources and components that are telecom-compatible, and hence widely available.
Download or read book Silicon Photonics written by Graham T. Reed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-10-29 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing demand for instant and reliable communication means that photonic circuits are increasingly finding applications in optical communications systems. One of the prime candidates to provide satisfactory performance at low cost in the photonic circuit is silicon. Whilst silicon photonics is less well developed as compared to some other material technologies, it is poised to make a serious impact on the telecommunications industry, as well as in many other applications, as other technologies fail to meet the yield/performance/cost trade-offs. Following a sympathetic tutorial approach, this first book on silicon photonics provides a comprehensive overview of the technology. Silicon Photonics explains the concepts of the technology, taking the reader through the introductory principles, on to more complex building blocks of the optical circuit. Starting with the basics of waveguides and the properties peculiar to silicon, the book also features: Key design issues in optical circuits. Experimental methods. Evaluation techniques. Operation of waveguide based devices. Fabrication of silicon waveguide circuits. Evaluation of silicon photonic systems. Numerous worked examples, models and case studies. Silicon Photonics is an essential tool for photonics engineers and young professionals working in the optical network, optical communications and semiconductor industries. This book is also an invaluable reference and a potential main text to senior undergraduates and postgraduate students studying fibre optics, integrated optics, or optical network technology.
Download or read book Nanowires written by Simas Rackauskas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanowires are attracting wide scientific interest due to the unique properties associated with their one-dimensional geometry. Developments in the understanding of the fundamental principles of the nanowire growth mechanisms and mastering functionalization provide tools to control crystal structure, morphology, and the interactions at the material interface, and create characteristics that are superior to those of planar geometries. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the most important developments in the field of nanowires, starting from their synthesis, discussing properties, and finalizing with nanowire applications. The book consists of two parts: the first is devoted to the synthesis of nanowires and characterization, and the second investigates the properties of nanowires and their applications in future devices.
Download or read book Near infrared and Mid infrared Integrated Silicon Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing written by Yi Zou and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon has been the material of choice of the photonics industry over the last decade due to its easy integration with silicon electronics as well as its optical transparency in the near-infrared telecom wavelengths. Besides these, it has very high refractive index, and also a broad optical transparency window over the entire mid-IR till about 8[Mu]m. Photonic crystal is well known that it can slow down the speed of light. It also can provide a universal platform for microcavity optical resonators with high quality factor Q and small modal volumes. The slow light effect, high Q and small modal volumes enhance light-matter interaction, together with high refractive index of silicon can be utilized to build a highly sensitive, high throughput sensor with small footprint. In this research, we have demonstrated highly compact and sensitive silicon based photonic crystal biosensor by engineering the photonic crystal microcavity in both cavity size and cavity-waveguide coupling condition. We have developed solutions to increase biosensor throughput by integrating multimode interference device and improving the coupling efficiency to a slow light photonic crystal waveguides. We have also performed detailed investigations on silicon based photonic devices at mid-infrared region to develop an ideal platform for highly sensitive optical absorption spectroscopy on chip. The studies have led to the demonstration of the first slot waveguide, the first photonic crystal waveguide, and the first holey photonic crystal waveguide and first slotted photonic crystal waveguide in silicon-on-sapphire at mid-infrared. The solutions and devices we developed in our research could be very useful for people to realize an integrated photonic circuit for biological and chemical sensing in the future.
Download or read book Silicon Photonics for Telecommunications and Biomedicine written by Sasan Fathpour and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given silicon's versatile material properties, use of low-cost silicon photonics continues to move beyond light-speed data transmission through fiber-optic cables and computer chips. Its application has also evolved from the device to the integrated-system level. A timely overview of this impressive growth, Silicon Photonics for Telecommunications
Download or read book ICOL 2019 written by Kehar Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents peer-reviewed articles from the International Conference on Optics and Electro-optics, ICOL-2019, held at Dehradun in India. It brings together leading researchers and professionals in the field of optics/optical engineering/optical materials and provides a platform to present and establish collaborations in this important area, with the theme “Trends in Electro-optics Instrumentation for Strategic Applications”. Topics covered but not limited to are Optical Engineering, Optical Thin Films, Optical Materials, IR Sensors, Image Processing & Systems, Photonic Band Gap Materials, Adaptive Optics, Optical Image Processing & Holography, Lasers, Fiber Lasers & its Applications, Diffractive Optics, Innovative packaging of Optical Systems, Nanophotonics Devices and Applications, Optical Interferometry & Metrology, Terahertz, Millimeter Wave & Microwave Photonics, Fiber, Integrated & Nonlinear Optics and Optics and Electro-optics for Strategic Applications.
Download or read book SiGe Photonic Integrated Circuits for Mid infrared Sensing Applications written by Qiankun Liu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy is a nearly universal way to identify chemical and biological substances, as most of the molecules have their vibrational and rotational resonances in the mid-IR wavelength range. Commercially available mid-IR systems are based on bulky and expensive equipment, while lots of efforts are now devoted to the reduction of their size down to chip-scale dimensions. The use of silicon photonics for the demonstration of mid-IR photonic circuits will benefit from reliable and high-volume fabrication to offer high performance, low cost, compact, lightweight and power consumption photonic circuits, which is particularly interesting for mid-IR spectroscopic sensing systems that need to be portable and low cost. Among the different materials available in silicon photonics, Germanium (Ge) and Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) alloys with a high Ge concentration are particularly interesting because of the wide transparency window of Ge up to 15 μm. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to investigate a new Ge-rich graded SiGe platform for mid-IR photonic circuits. Such new plateform was expected to benefit from a wide transparency wavelength range and a high versatility in terms of optical engineering (effective index, dispersion, ...). During this thesis, different waveguides platforms based on different graded profiles have been investigated. First it has been shown that waveguides with low optical losses of less than 3 dB/cm can be obtained in a wide wavelength range, from 5.5 to 8.5 μm. A proof of concept of sensing based on the absorption of the evanescent component of the optical mode has then been demonstrated. Finally, elementary building blocs have been investigated. The first Bragg mirror-based Fabry Perot cavities and racetrack resonators have been demonstrated around 8 μm wavelength. A broadband dual-polarization MIR integrated spatial heterodyne Fourier-Transform spectrometer has also been obtained. All these results rely on material and device design, clean-room fabrication and experimental characterization. This work was done in the Framework of EU project INsPIRE in collaboration with Pr. Giovanni Isella from Politecnico Di Milano.
Download or read book Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Silicon Nanowaveguides for the Mid infrared Wavelength Region written by Ryan Kin Wah Lau and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics has shown great promise as an integrated solution for efficient nonlinear optical interactions in compact, chip-scale devices. While there has been much work over the past decade on developing a variety of all-optical devices for telecom applications, an emerging area of research focuses on extending the operational wavelength of such devices to the mid-infrared (MIR) regime. By leveraging enhanced nonlinear optical effects and exploiting reduced losses at longer wavelengths, silicon photonic technology may be extended into a new realm of applications at MIR wavelengths. In this thesis we investigate nonlinear optical phenomena in silicon nanowaveguides for the MIR wavelength region. We present a numerical analysis of broadband four-wave mixing (FWM) and supercontinuum generation (SCG) in silicon nanowaveguides in the 2-[mu]m region. We demonstrate for the first time continuouswave FWM-based wavelength conversion between the telecom and MIR wavelength ranges. We also demonstrate the first silicon-based, octave-spanning supercontinuum (SCG) as well as the longest wavelength generated via SCG on a silicon chip. Next we numerically investigate silicon microresonator-based optical frequency combs using a modified Lugiato-Lefever model and discuss the implications of nonlinear loss effects, identifying regimes in the MIR in which broadband parametric oscillation may be achieved. While much of this work focuses on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and silicon dioxide or air claddings, we also introduce a novel waveguiding platform for wavelengths beyond 3 [mu]m. We design and fabricate devices using standard SOI wafers with a top cladding of silicon nitride and demonstrate broadband FWM near 2 [mu]m.
Download or read book Silicon Nanophotonics for Mid Infrared Applications written by Hosam Ibrahim Mekawey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The research targets the challenge of being able to bring the recently discovered nanophotonics phenomena in the visible spectrum to the Mid-Infrared spectrum in order to be exploited in many mid-IR related applications which include sensing and energy harvesting. In addition to this, the material of choice needs to be silicon in order to take advantage of the low cost, mass fabrication capabilities offered by silicon-based, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) standard fabrication techniques employed in the modern electronics industry. Mainly there are five research points that are being tackled. The first research point has 3 objectives. First, is to investigate and model the effect of plasma dispersion on silicon optical response in order to modulate the phase velocity as well as the absorption coefficient of the material. Second, is to identify the possibility of using silicon with high concentration of excess carriers, introduced either through doping or by optical excitation, instead of metals which are essential in realizing plasmonic-based phenomena in nanophotonics. The third and last objective of the first research point is to investigate the possibility for silicon to generate plasmonic effects in the mid-IR instead of the visible spectrum as the case with metals. Hence bringing many useful nanophotonics attributes to the mid-IR spectrum and the applications related to such spectral range. The second point is to perform modal analysis to identify the fundamental modes in both the rectangular cavity waveguide and the silicon-based slot waveguide due to the critical role they play in many nanophotonics devices and phenomena needed in subsequent research points. Also to investigate ways of engineering the dispersion of such modes in both waveguides.The third point is to investigate the existence of the Extraordinary Transmission (EOT) phenomenon in silicon perforated films. EOT was discovered in perforated metals in 1999. Investigation of the potential of using EOT for mid-IR sensing applications is also an objective. The fourth research point tackles the design of Nano-antenna for sensing applications by realizing an enhancement in the localized electric field in such nanoantenna. Enhanced scattering from silicon nanoparticles with high excess carriers' concentration and the dynamic real-time tuning of the resonance frequency for sensing and mid-IR spectroscopy applications is part of the objective of the fourth research point. Investigating dipole and bowtie shapes in silicon based nanoantenna and compare their performance with their metallic counterpart is also part of the objective of the fourth research point. Finally a fabrication objective of generating doped and intrinsic silicon nanowires by a single fabrication step through the use of excimer laser and deposited amorphous Silicon film was pursued under this research point. It is expected that the un-doped silicon nanowires can have an enhanced absorption in the visible range in comparison to the flat thin film counterpart. By being able to fabricate doped silicon nanowires, enhancing the absorption in the mid-IR spectrum could be a possibility that can be investigated. Designing a low loss subwavelength optical interconnect on the sub-micrometer level using silicon with high concentration of excess carriers is the fifth research point along with investigating the possibility of enhancing the transmission over bends in real-time through dynamic excess carrier generation. The working wavelength for the optical interconnect is expected to be in the near and mid-IR range. This research exploits recently discovered phenomena in the nanophotonics field and attempts to bring such phenomena to the mid-IR range to be used in the design of novel devices that can provide novel solution for sensing and energy harvesting in such spectrum. Specifically, Extraordinary Transmission (EOT), Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP), and the light guidance through subwavelength low index material regions are the key phenomena targeted by this research. This research also performs detailed investigation of the properties of subwavelength rectangular and slot waveguides to uncover more of their benefits and characterize their guidance attributes in details. Using Silicon as a material of choice is a priority due to its mature fabrication processes and the possibility of integrating silicon photonics devices into electronics chips using a CMOS-compatible fabrication process. It is also possible to tune the optical response of silicon through doping and excess carrier generation. The possibility for silicon to mimic the behavior of metal at the nanoscale in producing LSPR and SPP-based phenomena by introducing high concentration of excess carriers into silicon is a significant objective of this research which can bring low cost, mass fabrication to plasmonic-based optical devices operating in the mid-IR spectrum.
