Download or read book Electromagnetic Aquametry written by Klaus Kupfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mformation about a material can be gathered from its interaction with electromagnetic waves. The information may be stored in the amplitude, the phase, the polarisation, the angular distribution of energy transportation or the spectral characteristics. When re trieved from the wave, certain material properties may thus be determined indirectly. Compared on the one hand to direct material analysis, an indirect method requires calibration and is prone to interference from undesired sources. On the other hand, however, it permits the determination of features inaccessible by direct methods, such as non-destructive material interrogation, high measurement speed, or deep penetration depth. However, being a physical method, the use of electromagnetic waves is still handicapped by the lack of acceptance by many chemists, who are used to applying direct approaches. Historically, the first application of electromagnetic wave interaction with mat ter involved measurement of amplitude changes at a single frequency caused by material properties, and it is still used today by some systems. This approach was soon supplemented by single frequency phase measurements, in order to avoid distortions through amplitude instabilities or parasitic reflections. Such single pa rameter measurements of course require dependence only on one variable in the measured process and sufficient stability of all other ancillary conditions. If that is not the case, the single parameter measurement fails.
Download or read book Microwave Aquametry written by Andrzej Kraszewski and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 1996 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to address all theoretical and practical aspects of electromagnetic wave interaction with water and moist materials, this unique book features 29 full-length, peer-reviewed papers prepared by 69 of the world's experts in aquametry for a key Workshop held in conjunction with the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium in Atlanta, Georgia, 1993. Collectively, the papers illustrate the physical background of microwave techniques used for moisture content determination, present stimulating examples of applications of microwaves for nondestructive and accurate measurements, and demonstrate successful implementation of techniques in a variety of industries.
Download or read book Instrumentation and Sensors for the Food Industry written by E Kress-Rogers and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2001-10-03 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 23 contributions reviews the most common instruments for measuring food quality both on the processing line and in the laboratory. Each chapter describes an instrument's underlying principles with emphasis on aspects relevant to food applications, identifies the significance of the variables measured, and assesses the accuracy of the technique for specific food groups. The second edition adds eight chapters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Advances in Agrophysical Research written by Stanisław Grundas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of this book was born due to the rapid increase of the interest in excellence of agricultural production in the aspect of both – the quality of raw material for food production as well as in the aspect of environment protection. Agrophysics is a field of science that focuses on the quality of agriculture as a whole i.e. the interaction between human and environment, especially the interaction between soil, plant, atmosphere and machine. Physics with its laws, principles and rules is a good tool for description of the interactions, as well as of the results of these interactions. Some aspects of chemistry, biology and other fields of science are also taken under consideration. This interdisciplinary approach can result in holistic description of processes which should lead to improvement of the efficiency of obtaining the raw materials to ensure a sufficient amount of food, safe for human health. This book could be regarded as the contribution to this description. The reader can find some basic as well, as more particular aspects of the contemporary agriculture, starting with the soil characteristics and treatment, plant growth and agricultural products’ properties and processing.
Download or read book Electromagnetic moisture measurement written by Christof Hübner and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic moisture measurement technologies have proven to be valuable tools in diverse applications. This monograph covers basic aspects of nondestructive electromagnetic methods of water content determination and relates to the associated highly multidisciplinary field of research and development. It also presents a comprehensive selection of relevant field-tested methods and instruments. The fundamentals of electromagnetic field interactions with dipolar materials are briefly discussed, with special attention towards the dielectric properties of water and aqueous solutions. A tutorial and overview of electromagnetic measurement methods is presented, including dielectric spectroscopy in broad frequency and time domains, as well as dielectric imaging techniques. This review is complemented by a demonstration of successful real-world implementations for the moisture determination of soils, snow, buildings and building materials, food and agricultural goods, as well as various industrial products. The text is completed by a guide concerning the use of reference liquids for the calibration of sensors and instrumentation and by a bibliography of more than 850 references. The monograph is useful as a reference book for researchers and engineers and as a textbook for upper-level students interested in the water content determination of materials.
Download or read book Handbook of Humidity Measurement Volume 2 written by Ghenadii Korotcenkov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of unique water properties, humidity affects many living organisms, including humans and materials. Humidity control is important in various fields, from production management to creating a comfortable living environment. The second volume of The Handbook of Humidity Measurement is entirely devoted to the consideration of different types of solid-state devices developed for humidity measurement. This volume discusses the advantages and disadvantages about the capacitive, resistive, gravimetric, hygrometric, field ionization, microwave, Schottky barrier, Kelvin probe, field-effect transistor, solid-state electrochemical, and thermal conductivity-based humidity sensors. Additional features include: Provides a comprehensive analysis of the properties of humidity-sensitive materials, used for the development of such devices. Describes numerous strategies for the fabrication and characterization of humidity sensitive materials and sensing structures used in sensor applications. Explores new approaches proposed for the development of humidity sensors. Considers conventional devices such as phsychometers, gravimetric, mechanical (hair), electrolytic, child mirror hygrometers, etc., which were used for the measurement of humidity for several centuries. Handbook of Humidity Measurement, Volume 2: Electronic and Electrical Humidity Sensors provides valuable information for practicing engineers, measurement experts, laboratory technicians, project managers in industries and national laboratories, as well as university students and professors interested in solutions to humidity measurement tasks as well as in understanding fundamentals of any gas sensor operation and development.
Download or read book Thermal Microwave Radiation written by Institution of Engineering and Technology and published by IET. This book was released on 2006-05-19 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combines theoretical concepts with experimental results on thermal microwave radiation to increase the understanding of the complex nature of terrestrial media. Emphasising on radiative transfer models, this book covers the terrestrial aspects, from clear to cloudy atmosphere, precipitation, ocean and land surfaces, vegetation, snow and ice.
Download or read book The Journal of Microwave Power written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Symposium on Advances in Microwaves and Lightwaves written by and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microwave NDT written by N. Ida and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave testing has been paid only scant attention in the literature as a method for nondestructive testing of materials, yet it offers some attractive features, especially for the testing of composite and other non-metallic materials. Microwave techniques have been used in a large number of applications that can be classified as nondestructive testing applications, ranging from large scale remote sensing to detection of tumors in the body. This volume describes a unified approach to microwave nondestructive testing by presenting the three essential components of testing: theory, practice, and modelling. While recognizing that each of these subjects is wide enough to justify a volume of its own, the presentation of the three topics together shows that these are interrelated and should be practiced together. While few will argue against a good theoretical background, modelling and simulation of the testing environment is seldom part of the NDT training in any method, but particularly so in microwave testing. The text is devided in four parts. The first part presents the field theory background necessary for understanding the microwave domain. The second part treats microwave measurements as well as devices and sources and the third part discusses practical tests applicable to a variety of materials and geometries. The fourth part discusses modelling of microwave testing. Each chapter contains a bibliography intended to expand on the material given and, in particular, to point to subjects which could not be covered either as not appropriate or for lack of space. For engineers, applied physicsts, material scientists.
Download or read book Industrial Microwave Heating written by A. C. Metaxas and published by IET. This book was released on 1983 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad coverage of the theory and practice of industrial microwave heating. It introduces the physical processes behind dipolar and conductivity loss mechanisms and follows with a thorough presentation of dielectric property data of many industrial materials as a function of the moisture content, temperature and frequency, focussing on the interpretation of such data as regards the suitabiliy for processing these materials with microwave energy. The basic equations which govern the power dissipation, attenuation, phase constant, penetration depth and skin depth are derived from first principles while the transport equations of heat, mass and pressure are qualitatively described, giving particular emphasis to the physical mechanisms behind high frequency drying. The book provides established procedures backed by theoretical formulations for the design of industrial travelling wave and multimode applicators. It also provides extensive coverage of single mode fundamental or higher order resonant cavities and outlines a number of atypical applicator structures. It describes the essential features of processing with microwaves under vacuum and presents a brief introduction to the mechanisms which lead to gas breakdown. It stresses the need for a degree of hybridisation with other electrical or conventional heating systems and discusses a few such schemes. The book outlines a number of systems for limiting leakage from on-line industrial microwave systems and concludes with an extensive discussion of successful industrial applications.
Download or read book Dielectric Properties of Agricultural Materials and their Applications written by Stuart Nelson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-13 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dielectric Properties of Agricultural Materials and Their Applications provides an understanding of the fundamental principles governing dielectric properties of materials, describes methods for measuring such properties, and discusses many applications explored for solving industry problems. The information in this reference stimulates new research for solving problems associated with production, handling, and processing of agricultural and food products. Anyone seeking a better understanding of dielectric properties of materials and application of radio-frequency and microwave electromagnetic energy for solution of problems in agriculture and related fields will find this an essential resource. Presents applications of dielectric properties for sensing moisture in grain and seed and the use of such properties in radio-frequency and microwave dielectric heating of agricultural materials Offers information for finding correlations between dielectric properties and quality attributes such as sweetness in melons, or other desired characteristics of agricultural products Identifies conditions for selective dielectric heating of materials such as insects in grain or biological organisms in soils Provides a solid understanding of dielectric properties and the variables that influence these properties
Download or read book Handbook of Microwave Technology written by T. Koryu Ishii and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-10-25 with total page 1370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Microwave Technology provides a reference resource for professionals in business and industry as well as science and engineering students. A compact, concise reference, the Volumes contain focused chapters complete with useful formulas, charts, graphs, tables, examples, and diagrams that are clearly explained and easily applicable to practical cases. Volume I: Components and Devices provides a comprehensive overview of the components and devices used in microwave circuits, including microwave transmission lines, resonators, filters, ferrite devices, solid state devices, transistor oscillators and amplifiers, directional couplers, microstripline components, microwave detectors, mixers, converters and harmonic generators, and microwave solid-state switches, phase shifters and attenuators. Volume II: Applications discusses consumer, industrial, biomedical, and chemical applications of microwave technology. It also covers microwave instrumentation and measurement, thermodynamics, and applications in navigation, law enforcement, and radio communication. * of Volume I * Includes coverage of numerous components and devices used in microwave circuits, including: * Microwave transmission lines * Resonators, filters, ferrite devices, solid state devices * Transistor oscillators and amplifers * Directional couplers and microstripline components * Microwave detectors, mixers, converters, and harmonic generators * Microwave solid-state switches, phase shifters, and attenuators * Key Features of Volume II * Discusses consumer, industrial, biomedical, and chemical applications of microwave technology * Covers microwave instrumentation and measurements * Includes applications in navigation, law enforcement, and radio communication
Download or read book Microwave Materials Characterization written by Sandra Costanzo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-11-14 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave Materials Characterization is an edited book discussing recent researches on basic and innovative measurement techniques for the characterization of materials at microwave frequencies, in terms of quantitative determination of their electromagnetic parameters, namely the complex permittivity and permeability. It is divided into two parts: Part 1, including original contributions on advanced techniques for the characterization of dielectric materials, and Part 2, devoted to the microwave characterization of biological tissues.
Download or read book Microwave RF Applicators and Probes written by Mehrdad Mehdizadeh and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave/RF Applicators and Probes for Material Heating, Sensing, and Plasma Generation, Second Edition, encompasses the area of high-frequency applicators and probes for material interactions as an integrated science. Based on practical experience rather than entirely on theoretical concepts, and emphasizing phenomenological explanations and well-annotated figures, the book represents one of the most important resources on the topics of microwave technologies, applications of RF and microwaves in industry (industrial heating and drying), and microwave engineering. After covering the basics of field-material interactions, the book reviews and categorizes probes and applicators, demonstrates their real-world applications, and offers numerically solved examples. Readers will find valuable design rules and principles of high-frequency applicators and probes for material processing and sensing applications in this expanded edition. Presents new information on how the interactions of electromagnetic fields with materials at high frequencies have given rise to a vast array of practical applications in industry, science, medicine, and consumer markets Thoroughly revised and expanded edition, providing an update on the most recent trends and findings Contains many new sections within existing chapters, along with new chapters on applicators for plasmas at microwave/RF frequencies
Download or read book Handbook of Microwave Technology for Food Application written by Ashim K. Datta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-04-27 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Integrates principles of electromagnetics, dielectrics, heat and moisture transfer, packaging, solid mechanics, fluid flow, food chemistry, and microbiology to provide a comprehensive overview of microwave processing in a single accessible source."
Download or read book Microwave RF Applicators and Probes for Material Heating Sensing and Plasma Generation written by Mehrdad Mehdizadeh and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2009-12-22 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions of electromagnetic fields with materials at high frequencies have given rise to a vast array of practical applications in industry, science, medicine, and consumer markets. Applicators or probes, which are the front end of these systems, provide the field that interacts with the material. This book takes an integrated approach to the area of high frequency applicators and probes for material interactions, providing a toolkit for those who design these devices. Particular attention is given to real-world applications and the latest developments in the area. Mathematical methods are provided as design tools, and are often simplified via curve-fitting techniques that are particularly usable by handheld calculators. Useful equations and numerically solved examples, using situations encountered in practice, are supplied. Above all, this volume is a comprehensive and useful reference where the reader can find design rules and principles of high frequency applicators and probes for material processing and sensing applications. Electronic and electrical R&D engineers, physicists, university professors and students will all find this book a valuable reference. Mehrdad Mehdizadeh is with the DuPont Company, Engineering Research & Technology Division in Wilmington, Delaware. His areas of expertise include high frequency hardware and electromagnetic methods of processing, sensing, and characterization of materials. His work and innovation in industrial, scientific, and medical applications of radio frequency and microwaves has resulted in 19 US patents and a number of publications. He earned his Ph.D. and M.S. from Marquette University (1983, 1980), and a B.S. from Sharif University of Technology (1977), all in electrical engineering. Dr. Mehdizadeh is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE ), Sigma Xi (Scientific Research Society), the International Microwave Power Institute (IMPI ), and a voting member of IEEE Standard Association. Books in this area are usually theoretical; this book provides practical information for those who actually intend to design a system Features real world and numerically solved examples, and curve-fitted simple equations to replace complex equations provided in typical texts Author is a voting member of IEEE Standards Association
