Download or read book Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction written by Giampaolo Niccoli and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction: From Mechanisms to Treatment provides a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of coronary microvascular obstruction (CMVO) that is the main limitation of reperfusion therapies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. It provides in-depth coverage of the phenomenon of CMVO which heavily affects prognosis by increasing the risk of death and heart failure at follow-up. A first of its kind reference dedicated solely to this topic, it is appropriate for a wide audience, from researchers, to those who aid in the management, prevention and treatment of CMVO. Provides in-depth coverage of coronary microvascular obstruction (CMVO), spanning research, management, prevention and treatment Includes the most up-to-date information on CMVO as presented from top experts around the word Provides access to a companion website with extra material, including tables, additional references and instructional videos Gives extensive coverage on how to measure CMVO, including in-depth indexes that can be used to detect and quantify the phenomenon

Download or read book Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction written by Filippo Crea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades a number of studies have shown that abnormalities in the function and structure of coronary microcirculation can be detected in several cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of the clinical setting in which it occurs, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) can be classified into four types: CMD in the absence of any other cardiac disease; CMD in myocardial diseases; CMD in obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease; and iatrogenic CMD. In some instances CMD represents an epiphenomenon, whereas in others it represents an important marker of risk or may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, thus becoming a possible therapeutic target. This book provides an update on coronary physiology and a systematic assessment of microvascular abnormalities in cardiovascular diseases, in the hope that it will assist clinicians in prevention, detection and management of CMD in their everyday activity.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Lung Microvascular Injury written by Asrar B. Malik and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies of Pathological Dynamics After Microvascular Injury Using Nonlinear Optical Methods written by Nathanael Lois Rosidi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microvascular lesions are a common feature in the aging brain and clinical evidence has correlated microvascular pathology with the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Traditional animal models that replicate hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions in the brain typically affect large regions in the cortex and do not reproduce the small-scale lesions linked to neurodegeneration that likely stem from injuries to single microvessels. Due in part to this lack of smallscale injury animal models, there remains an incomplete understanding of the cellular and pathophysiological dynamics following small-scale vascular lesions, making progress on therapeutic strategies difficult. We used tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses to injure single penetrating arterioles (PA) (i.e., arterioles that plunge into the brain) in the cortex of live anesthetized rodents and used two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) imaging to quantify blood flow changes and to determine the time course of pathological consequences in the brain after injury. We find that after ischemic occlusion of a PA, nearby pial and penetrating arterioles do not actively compensate for the reduction of blood flow observed near the occluded blood vessel. We find that capillaries connected downstream to the clotted vessel dilate but other capillaries in the vicinity do not, suggesting that any compensatory signal that results in a physiological response travels vascularly. We ruptured individual PAs to induce microhemorrhages that resulted in extravasation of blood into the parenchyma. We find that tissue compression due to the hematoma does not collapse capillaries and cause acute ischemia. 2PEF imaging of mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in a subset of cortical neurons revealed no dendrite degeneration out to seven days after microhemorrhage. However, we did observe an inflammatory response by microglia/macrophages as quickly as 1.5-hrs after microhemorrhage which persisted past seven days. Lastly, we looked at spine (i.e., post-synaptic terminals on dendrites) dynamics on GFP fluorescent cortical dendrites and found a higher rate of spine loss and gain after a nearby microhemorrhage out to 14 days. This higher rate of spine turnover may help provide an understanding of the development of symptomatic dysfunction due to consequences in neuronal rewiring after a microhemorrhage. The work presented in this dissertation provides quantification of pathological consequences after both ischemic and hemorrhagic injury to a single blood vessel in the brain. We see that after a small-scale ischemic lesion, surrounding blood vessels do not elicit an active response to compensate for a lack of blood flow in the targeted blood vessel and surrounding tissue. After a hemorrhage to a single blood vessel, we do not observe any neuronal degeneration or death. These hemorrhagic lesions, however, do result in an inflammatory reaction that may lead to subtle changes in neuronal rewiring or seed the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The work presented in this dissertation can help provide new insights for the development of novel stroke therapeutics as well as provide cell specific observations about the development of pathological consequences in both ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions in the brain.

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Download or read book Microvascular Injury written by Terence J. Ryan and published by Saunders Limited.. This book was released on 1976 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Defining Microvascular Injury in Acute Myocardinal Infarction and Response After Cell Therapy Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Pathogenesis and Assessment of Lung Microvascular Injury written by Petrus Gerardus Henricus Maria Raijmakers and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Assessment of Microvascular Injury in Patients Undergoing Emergency PCI for ST elevation Myocardial Infarction written by Ross James McGeoch and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oxygen Radical induced Microvascular Injury in the Lung written by Joseph Wade Barnard and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative studies on the platelet response to microvascular injury written by Francis Neil McKenzie and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endothelial Dysfunction and Microvascular Injury in Life Threatening Diseases written by Kevin Barker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endothelial activation and dysfunction contributes to multiple life-threatening disorders including malaria, sepsis, acute lung injury (ALI) and viral haemorrhagic fevers. It represents a common pathway of injury leading to microvascular leak, multi-organ failure, mortality and long-term deficits in survivors. The detection of circulating biomarkers of the activated endothelium may enable the early detection and triage those at risk of severe disease, improving clinical outcome and prognosis. Here we investigated three life-threatening diseases (high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE), cerebral malaria and malaria-induced ALI) with a focus on the Ang/Tie2 pathway and its role in endothelial activation and microvascular leak. In each example, we defined the relationship of the Ang/Tie2 axis to disease pathobiology and where possible, explored mechanism and interventions based on genetic and pharmacological strategies. In a prospective case-control study of climbers developing altitude illness, we investigated mediators of endothelial activation, vascular tone and cell stress. Specifically, we show that the endothelial activation markers (endothelin-1 and soluble kinase insert domain receptor) are correlated with HAPE. We next investigated these pathways in malaria-induced cerebral microvascular injury, using in vivo and ex vivo approaches. Specifically, we show that genetic deletion of microRNA-155 enhances endothelial quiescence, blood-brain barrier integrity and survival. We suggest that these observations are likely associated with Ang/Tie2 axis dysfunction. Moreover, anti-miR-155 preserved endothelial integrity and reduced microvascular leak, induced by patient sera. Finally, we investigated these pathways in malaria-induced ALI, using sera from children with malaria-induced respiratory distress, and pre-clinical animal models. Specifically, we show that an association with Ang/Tie2 axis dysregulation and pharmacological activation of the Ang/Tie2 axis in vivo improves survival and decreases pulmonary vascular leak. In summary, these studies suggest common mediators of endothelial activation and dysfunction that play a critical role in maintaining vascular integrity, reducing microvascular leak and improving outcome from multiple different insults.

Download or read book The Study of Kidney Microvascular Injury and Repair written by George Haddad and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thrombotic microangiopathies are group of diseases that refer to clinical and pathological syndromes where endothelial injury results in the manifestations of capillary thrombosis, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, schistocytosis, and can lead to renal failure. In this thesis we aimed to study glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) injury and repair. We developed an animal model of GEC-specific injury that is based on the binding specificity of MOA lectin to the carbohydrate epitope expressed in the mouse renal microvasculature. The lectin was conjugated to saporin to enhance the killing activity. The lectin-saporin (L-S) caused a uniform and reproducible GEC injury that captured many features frequently observed in TMA cases. To study renal repair we isolated and characterized human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPC) that were injected into mice treated with a sublethal dose of L-S. The human cells persisted in the kidney microvasculature of injured mice for 4 days but not in the uninjured control group. We also identified a novel function of PI3K catalytic subunit p110[ss] in angiogenesis where in vitro analysis showed that p110[ss] knockdown caused a defect in tip cell differentiation and sprouting formation, and decreased cellular migration and proliferation. in vivo analysis demonstrated that endothelial-restricted p110[ss] ablation rendered the mice more susceptible to kidney injury and impaired renal microvasculature repair. In addition, we demonstrated an important role for platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) in initiating kidney GEC repair mechanism as systemic inhibition of PDGFB by soluble PDGF receptor [ss] led to high morbidity in the mice treated with a sublethal dose of L-S. In this thesis we developed an important animal model that can be used to further our understanding about the GEC injury and the potential application of EPC transplantation for renal restoration, and to gain more insights about the endogenous factors that govern the kidney microvascular repair mechanism.

Download or read book Ischemic Heart Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Mechanism of Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension written by Toshio Nakanishi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on the molecular mechanism of congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension, offering new insights into the development of pulmonary circulation and the ductus arteriosus. It describes in detail the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and morphogenesis of the heart, lungs and ductus arteriosus, covering a range of topics such as gene functions, growth factors, transcription factors and cellular interactions, as well as stem cell engineering technologies. The book also presents recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung development, pulmonary hypertension and molecular regulation of the ductus arteriosus. As such, it is an ideal resource for physicians, scientists and investigators interested in the latest findings on the origins of congenital heart disease and potential future therapies involving pulmonary circulation/hypertension and the ductus arteriosus.

Download or read book Basic Neurochemistry written by R. Wayne Albers and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-11 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects, a comprehensive text on neurochemistry, is now updated and revised in its Seventh Edition. This well-established text has been recognized worldwide as a resource for postgraduate trainees and teachers in neurology, psychiatry, and basic neuroscience, as well as for graduate and postgraduate students and instructors in the neurosciences. It is an excellent source of information on basic biochemical processes in brain function and disease for qualifying examinations and continuing medical education. - Completely updated with 60% new authors and material, and entirely new chapters - Over 400 fully revised figures in splendid color

Download or read book The Inflammatory Process written by Benjamin W. Zweifach and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Inflammatory Process focuses on the approaches, methodologies, and technologies involved in the study of the inflammatory process, including capillary structure, tissue injury, and inflammatory response. The selection first offers information on the experimental approach to inflammation, ultrastructural and biochemical consequences of cell injury, and ultrastructural basis of capillary permeability. Discussions focus on permeability of capillaries, cytoplasm, nucleus, gross pathology of inflammation, light microscope and the study of inflammation, and the physiologic approach to problems of inflammation. The text then elaborates on the microvascular aspects of tissue injury and the sticking and emigration of white blood cells in inflammation. The book examines neutrophil and eosinophil leucocytes, "life history" and functions of lymphocytes, and metabolism and physiology of mononuclear phagocytes. Topics include inflammatory response, biochemistry and metabolism, special relationships to bacteria and viruses, and origins and early development of lymphocytes. The text also ponders on the role of lysosomes in tissue injury, hemostatic mechanisms in tissue injury, and anti-inflammatory agents. The selection is a vital source of data for researchers interested in the inflammatory process.