Download or read book Microstructural Characterization of Nodular Ductile Iron written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study is to quantify the graphite particle phase in nodular ductile iron (NDI). This study provides the basis for initializing microstructure in direct numerical simulations, as part of developing microstructure-fracture response models. The work presented here is a subset of a PhD dissertation on spall fracture in NDI. NDI is an ideal material for studying the influence of microstructure on ductile fracture because it contains a readily identifiable second-phase particle population, embedded in a ductile metallic matrix, which serves as primary void nucleation sites. Nucleated voids grow and coalesce under continued tensile loading, as part of the micromechanisms of ductile fracture, and lead to macroscopic failure. For this study, we used 2D optical microscopy and quantitative metallography relationships to characterize the volume fraction, size distribution, nearest-neighbor distance, and other higher-order metrics of the graphite particle phase. We found that the volume fraction was? = 0.115, the average particle diameter was d{sub avg} = 25.9?m, the Weibull shape and scaling parameters were? = 1.8 and? = 29.1?m, respectively, the (first) nearest neighbor distance was L{sub nn} = 32.4?m, the exponential coefficients for volume fraction fluctuations was A{sub?} = 1.89 and B{sub?} = -0.59, respectively. Based on reaching a coefficient-of-variation (COV) of 0.01, the representative volume element (RVE) size was determined to be 8.9L{sub nn} (288?m).

Download or read book Effect of Ca Mg and MgFeSi Graphite Nodularizers on the Nodular Graphite Characteristics of Ductile Cast Irons written by P. Atanda and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study investigated the effect of a series of Ca-Mg and a commercial grade MgFeSi graphite nodularizers, Fe75Si, and NiFeSi inoculants on the nodular characteristics (particle size, excursion ratio, degree of sphroidization, nodule count, and shape factor/nodularity) of ductile cast irons produced using a 100 kg diesel fired rotary furnace. This was with a view to controlling the volatile and fading effects of magnesium as a graphite nodularizer in the cast iron melt. Heats of the rotary furnace melts were pre-desulphurized with a pre-determined amount of CaC2:Fe45%Si in ratio 3:1. Subsequently, each melt was treated with different ratios of Ca-Mg based master alloys and the cast irons produced were compared with a commercial grade MgFeSi treated cast iron produced under the same conditions. Post-treatment inoculation in each case was carried out using Fe-75-Si. Microstructural characterization was carried out to determine the graphite nodularity and distribution characteristics. The results showed that the cast iron treated with 1:4 ratio of Ca:Mg combination master alloy yielded the optimum graphite nodularity with ASTM type 1 graphite nodule features, which are comparable to cast irons produced using the commercial grade MgFeSi nodularizer.

Download or read book Microstructural Characterization of Ferrous Materials Forged by the Damascus Technique written by S. Strobl and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damascus steels are related to composites which combine the properties of diverse steel qualities. By forging steel plates with different compositions, in particular differences in the carbon content, a multilayered workpiece is manufactured. Forging of cast iron has not been common because of its low melting point and brittleness at lower temperatures. Wolfgang Scheiblechner, a blacksmith from Palfau in Austria, combined ductile cast iron and soft iron to a unique composite material, which was investigated by means of metallographic methods. The intersections of cast iron and iron are of high interest, where carbon diffusion from ductile cast iron (graphite 100 % C) to soft iron (0 % C) takes place. In this case, all the microstructures characteristic for cast irons, steels, and soft iron were present. The microstructures were additionally influenced by forging and quenching. The cast iron region was dominated by nodular graphite and bainite; ledeburite was observed occasionally. The soft iron regions showed coarse equiaxed ferrite and grain boundary cementite. In the transition areas, ferrite showed a wide variety of shapes, and the microstructure changed from hypereutectoid to hypoeutectoid steel. The various microstructures were characterized by light optical microscopy and confirmed by Vicker's microhardness measurements.

Download or read book Ductile Iron Handbook written by Al Alagarsamy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ENGINEERING MATERIALS written by C. P. SHARMA and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compact and student-friendly book provides a thorough understanding of properties of metallic materials and explains the metallurgy of a large number of metals and alloys. The text first exposes the reader to the structure-property correlation of materials, that form the basis for predicting their behaviour during manufacturing and other service conditions, and then discusses the factors governing the selection of a material for specific applications. It further introduces the various specifications/designations, (including AISI/SAE system) used for steels and the alloying elements. The text also gives detailed coverage on mechanical behaviour of other engineering metals including Al, Mg, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb. Profusely illustrated with graphs and tables, the book presents a large number of questions and answers framed on the pattern of the university examinations. It thus enables the students to format compact and to-the-point answers. This book would be highly valued by students of metallurgical engineering and also those pursuing various other engineering as well as polytechnic courses, besides professionals who deal with selection of materials.

Download or read book A Thermal and Microstructural Investigation of the Post Inoculation of Ductile Cast Iron written by Steven Trygve Holtan and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microstructural Analysis written by J. McCall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During recent years, people involved in developing new metals and materials for use in some of the rather extreme conditions of stress, temperature, and environment have relied heavily on the microstructural condition of their materials. In fact, many of the newer materials, such as dispersion-strengthened alloys, have been designed almost entirely by first determining the microstruc ture desired and then finding the right combination of composition, heat treatment, and mechanical working that will result in the de sired microstructure. Furthermore, the extremely high reliability required of materials used today, for example, in aerospace and nuclear energy systems, requires close control on the microstruc tural conditions of materials. This is clearly evident from even a cursory examination of recently written specifications for mate rials where rather precise microstructural parameters are stipu lated. Whereas specifications written several years ago may have included microstructural requirements for details such as ASTM grain size or graphite type, today's specifications are beginning to include such things as volume fraction of phases, mean free path of particles, and grain intercept distances. Rather arbitrary terms such as "medium pearlite" have been replaced by requirements such as "interlamella spacing not to exceed 0. 1 micron. " Finally, materials users have become increasingly aware that when a material does fail, the reason for its failure may be found by examining and "reading" its microstructure. The responsibility for a particular microstructure and a resulting failure is a matter of growing importance in current product liability consider ations.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Iron Steel and Their Alloys Online Version written by Rafael Colás and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 3918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Download or read book Physical Metallurgy of Cast Irons written by José Antonio Pero-Sanz Elorz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook focuses on cast irons, the second material in production and consumption after steel. The authors describe the Fe-C stable and metastable diagrams from the physical-chemical metallurgy point of view. The main properties of cast irons are presented and justified for all kinds of cast irons: low cost, excellent castability, mechanical properties depending on the graphite morphology (gray irons) and high wear resistance (white irons). The physical metallurgy of highly alloyed cast irons is also described, particularly that one of those used as a consequence of their abrasion, corrosion and heat resistance. The book presents exercises, problems and cases studies, with different sections dedicated to the molding practice. The book finishes with the production cast irons in the cupola furnace. This concise textbook is particularly of interest for students and engineers that work in industries related to cast irons.

Download or read book Euromat 99 Microstructures Mechanical Properties and Processes written by Yves Bréchet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-07-13 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relation between microstructures and mechanical properties has always been a challenge for materials science. Modelling the formation, properties and long term stability of microstructures is one of the most impressive and promising advances of modern materials science. This book presents recent advances and challenges in this fast evolving cross disciplinary field. It addresses applications of classical physical metallurgy, and the need for new modelling approaches, both on the analytical viewpoint and on the simulation side.

Download or read book Characterization of Cast Iron Microdamage Its Evolution and Impact on Material Properties written by Kennedy Beaulieu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a lack of knowledge concerning the evolution of stress-induced damage in cast iron on the microstructural scale. This study addresses this need by investigating the continuous failure of gray cast iron (GCI) and nodular cast iron (NCI) microstructures using acoustic emissions (AE). Microstructural damage evolution is characterized by grouping into three distinct ensembles (stress ranges) for GCI and four for NCI. The amplitude of the AE damage events was interpreted as being proportional to the failure mechanism, with lower amplitude events attributed to graphite failure. Microstructural and failure analysis revealed the following failure mechanisms: graphite fracture and debonding and transgraular fracture of the iron matrix for GCI and graphite fracture and debonding and ductile fracture of the iron matrix for NCI. The AE results bring light to the controversy in the literature on NCI failure by identifying ductile fracture of the iron matrix as the dominant failure mechanism.

Download or read book Cast Iron Technology written by Roy Elliott and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1988-04-18 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cast Iron Technology presents a critical review of the nature of cast irons. It discusses the types of cast iron and the general purpose of cast irons. It also presents the history of the iron founding industry. Some of the topics covered in the book are the description of liquid metal state; preparation of liquid metal; process of melting; description of cupola melting and electric melting methods; control of composition of liquid metal during preparation; description of primary cast iron solidification structures; and thermal analysis of metals to determine its quality. Solidification science and the fundamentals of heat treatment are also discussed. An in-depth analysis of the hot quenching techniques is provided. The graphitization potential of liquid iron is well presented. A chapter is devoted to microstructural features of cast iron. The book can provide useful information to iron smiths, welders, students, and researchers.

Download or read book Materials Characterisation written by D.O. Northwood and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing selected papers on Materials Characterisation this volume presents the latest research in the field. Material and contact characterisation is a rapidly advancing field that requires the application of a combination of numerical and experimental methods. Contributions come from both industry and research communities using computational methods and performing experiments. Demand for high quality production from both industry and consumers has led to rapid developments in materials science and engineering. Current research is focussed on modification technologies that can increase the surface durability of materials. The characteristics of the system reveal which surface engineering methods should be chosen and as a consequence it is essential to study the combination of surface treatment and contact mechanics. The accurate characterisation of the physical and chemical properties of materials requires the application of both experimental techniques and computer simulation methods in order to gain a correct analysis. A very wide range of materials, starting with metals through polymers and semiconductors to composites, necessitates a whole spectrum of characteristic experimental techniques and research methods. The papers in this book examine various combinations of techniques across various topics.

Download or read book Effect of Heat Treatment Procedures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nodular Iron written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their bid to produce cast iron latter than Malleable Iron, the scientist discovered the ductile iron or S.G. Iron (spherodial Graphite iron) way back in 1948. The use of this type of cast iron as an engineering material has been increasing day by day ever since its discovery. It is now replacing steel in many important engineering applications. The production of S.G Iron increased to a large extent during last two decades. The excellent combination of mechanical properties obtained in S.G. iron can further be informed by the heat treatment. The most recent development in this regard is the production of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI). It provides an excellent combination of high tensile strength, wear resistance along with good corrosion resistance and quite significant amount of ductility. Due to these factors, S.G. or ductile iron are austempered when a very favourable combination of various properties is required. But this type of treatment is bit tricky, since it require controlled heating and isothermal holding of the material. So it is necessary to find some attractive methods for property development in S.G. iron. In the present work conventional heat treatment proceeds like annealing, normalizing and tempering of the material has been performed. The mechanical properties obtain by various technique have been compared to one another. In this work two different grades of S.G. Iron (one with copper and another without copper) have been used. The effect of the alloying element (i.e. copper) has also been studied.

Download or read book Pounder s Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines written by Malcolm Latarche and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pounder’s Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines, Tenth Edition, gives engineering cadets, marine engineers, ship operators and managers insights into currently available engines and auxiliary equipment and trends for the future. This new edition introduces new engine models that will be most commonly installed in ships over the next decade, as well as the latest legislation and pollutant emissions procedures. Since publication of the last edition in 2009, a number of emission control areas (ECAs) have been established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in which exhaust emissions are subject to even more stringent controls. In addition, there are now rules that affect new ships and their emission of CO2 measured as a product of cargo carried. Provides the latest emission control technologies, such as SCR and water scrubbers Contains complete updates of legislation and pollutant emission procedures Includes the latest emission control technologies and expands upon remote monitoring and control of engines

Download or read book Microstructure and Properties of Ductile Iron and Compacted Graphite Iron Castings written by Mariusz Holtzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the surface effects at the interface boundary of metal/sand moulds, and their influence on the surface quality, microstructure and mechanical and anticorrosive properties of high-quality cast iron. It explores utilitarian aspects of the production of high-quality cast iron castings, including thin-walled castings of high-quality cast iron alloys, and examines problems related to the determination of moulding sands and reclaim quality, and their influence on castings. Presenting new material, this book takes into account the influence of metal quality, pouring temperature, solidification time, the quality of moulding sand with the reclaim application, as well the binders of moulding sands, on the formation of the degenerated graphite near surface layers. It also employs the latest research methods, such as a wavelength-dispersive spectrometer (WDS) analysis and thermodynamic calculations, which were carried out on the reactions occurring in the study area. Providing a valuable resource to academics and researchers interested in materials science, metal casting and metallurgy, this book is also intended for metal industry professionals.

Download or read book Welding Metallurgy written by Sindo Kou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-03-31 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated to include new technological advancements in welding Uses illustrations and diagrams to explain metallurgical phenomena Features exercises and examples An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.