Download or read book MicroRNAs and Other Non Coding RNAs in Inflammation written by Catherine M. Greene and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book serves as a comprehensive resource for scientists and clinicians studying the role of non-coding RNAs in inflammation (viral infections, wound inflammation), human inflammatory diseases (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, diabetes) and innate immunity. It provides a universal reference work comprising both basic and specialized information. Given that ncRNAs represent new therapeutic targets, this volume will also be of interest to industrial biomedical researchers and those involved in drug development.
Download or read book Long Noncoding RNA written by Susan Carpenter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-27 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together what is currently known in terms of basic research in the field of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and builds on this to delve more deeply in the specific roles that lncRNAs are playing during inflammation. The book provides readers with basic knowledge on lncRNAs: from understanding the complexity of the transcriptome, conservation, structure and the tools used to investigate these aspects, to how we use this information to study lncRNAs in a specific biological context. The volume covers the emerging roles of lncRNAs in the initial stages of inflammation as well as their roles in specific inflammatory diseases including arthritis, lupus, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The book also shows the emerging interest in using lncRNAs as a therapeutic target and how this could impact our ability to diagnose and treat inflammatory diseases in the future.
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Cesar Lopez-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th
Download or read book MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease written by Poorani Sivaraman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 19-22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression. They target the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), and sometimes the 5'-UTR, of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and suppress protein translation and/or trigger mRNA degradation. Since their discovery, miRNAs have been implicated in various regulatory pathways and diseases. New miRNAs are constantly being discovered that are yet to be fully characterised or validated. Few miRNAs and their genes have been well studied and characterised. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, whose etiology appears to involve genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. The Krissansen laboratory recently obtained evidence for the overexpression of hsa-miR-595 and hsa-miR- 1246 in the sera of patients suffering from severe forms of IBD. It was hypothesized that both miRNAs might be involved in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier function of the intestine, and/or in immune regulation. There is a lack of information in the published literature regarding these miRNAs, their gene features, and their target mRNAs. Research was carried out to study the characteristics of the genes that encode hsa-miR-595 and hsa-miR-1246, to identify potential mRNA targets of these miRNAs, and determine whether the miRNAs are involved in disrupting the tight junctions formed by intestinal epithelial cells. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to identify features of the genes encoding miR-595 and miR-1246 to provide evidence of the authenticity of these miRNAs. The NCBI GenBank database was searched for expressed sequence tags (ESTs) encoding the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the genes to provide evidence that the genes are transcribed. In silico screening of various miRNA target databases for mRNA targets of these miRNAs was carried out. 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assays were developed to determine whether selected targets were authentic. The ability of miR-595 and miR-1246 to inhibit the expression of selected mRNA targets expressed by the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco- 2) cell line was examined. An attempt was made to get Caco-2 cells to form spheroids during 3D cell culture, in order to subsequently use the spheroids to demonstrate disruption of tight junctions by miR-595 and miR-1246. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that both hsa-miR-595 located at chromosome 7q36.3 and hsa-miR-1246 located at chromosome 2q31.1 potentially contain common gene features such as putative promoters, transcription start sites, CpG islands, and polyadenylation signal sites. The hsa-miR-595 gene is intragenic, being located within intron 1 of the protein tyrosine phosphate receptor type 2, N polypeptide (PTPRN2) gene. In contrast, hsa-miR-1246 is intergenic, being located between the metaxin 2 (MTX-2) and nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) genes. Experimental work needs to be carried out to prove whether the predicted gene features identified are involved in the transcription and regulation of these miRNA genes. ESTs encoding each gene were identified in cDNA libraries prepared from a variety of different tissues, indicating that the miR-595 and miR-1246 genes are actively transcribed in different tissues. A literature search revealed that hsa-miR-1246 had been cross-mapped to chromosome 17, being located within the gene encoding the small nuclear RNA RNU2-1. The U2 locus consists of 6 to more than 30 tandem repeats indicating that this locus gives rise to multiple copies of hsa-miR-1246. It is not known whether the elevated levels of hsa-miR- 1246 in the sera of IBD patients arise from overexpression of hsa-miR-1246 on chromosome 2 or chromosome 17, or both. A search of various miRNA target databases indicated that either miR-595 or miR-1246, or both, targeted CDH2, PARD6A, NCAM1, FGFR2, AJAP1, and DYRK1A. MiR-595 had previously been reported to target the tight junction protein PARD6A, causing disruption of the permeability of epithelia, which might be expected to have important implications for IBD. MiR-1246 had previously been reported to target DYRK1A, causing increased expression of the transcription factor NFAT1c that induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and which might be expected to have important implications for IBD. An attempt was made to experimentally validate the above mRNA targets using a 3'-UTR luciferase reporter assay, but the assay was not successful due to technical issues and time constraints. Several attempts were made to form hollow spheroids from Caco-2 cells to mimic the gut wall and lumen, but the spheroids produced were not correctly formed in that they appeared to be deflated. In summary, the experimental approaches tackled were not successful in providing conclusive evidence about the authenticity of the mRNA targets, but will be useful for future validation. In conclusion, the results of the computational analyses and experimental approaches attempted provide a framework, and basis for future investigation of miR-595 and miR-1246, and their mRNA targets. In the future, these miRNAs could be investigated for their utility in diagnosing the severity of IBD. Inhibitors of the miRNAs could be investigated for their ability to prevent or attenuate disease symptoms.
Download or read book Circulating MicroRNAs written by Takahiro Ochiya and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological phenomena, such as development and homeostasis. The dysregulation of miRNA leads to disease progression, particularly of cancer. In Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail recent advances in the isolation, purification and analysis of circulating miRNAs from a variety of sources for research. The book is divided into three main topics. The first section involves the study of secretory miRNAs in cell-cell communication, and the second, the study of circulating miRNAs in body fluids. The last describes the novel techniques used to study circulating miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Circulating MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in dealing with the recent advances of RNAi technology from the bench to the bedside.
Download or read book Molecular Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease written by Mauro D'Amato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-05 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), together known as the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), has truly seen a revolution in the last 5-10 years. This book examines how these genetic discoveries have led to the identification of biological functions not previously associated with IBD pathophysiology (e.g. autophagy), how multiple genetic risk factors for IBD converge on given biological functions and that together the identified variants in these genes have predisposing and protective roles (e.g. the multiple variants in the receptor for the IL23 cytokine and its signaling cascade), and how having such a large number of known genetic risk factors has changed our understanding not only about the genetic and molecular overlap between CD and UC, but also between these diseases and other chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g. psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and many others).
Download or read book Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-18 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive overview of neurodevelopmental disorders comprising motor, speech, cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. Childhood and adolescent disorders ranging from dyslexia to schizophrenia and including autism, motor disorders and the attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome are presented from the perspectives of genetics, developmental psychology, clinical neurology and psychiatry. A multiprofessional team of experts from the various fields has contributed to this volume, which is aimed at clinicians and researchers alike. The reader will find up to date coverage of the clinically most relevant neurodevelopmental disorders with regard to pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment.
Download or read book Regulation of microRNAs written by Helge Großhans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given this pervasiveness and importance of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, it should come as little surprise that miRNAs themselves are also highly regulated. However, the recent explosion of knowledge on this topic has been remarkable, providing a primary motivation for publication of this book. As miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, the enzyme that also generates mRNAs, it was perhaps not unexpected that miRNA transcription would be subject to regulation, and we have willfully mitted this aspect from this monograph. However, what has been unexpected is the extent of post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs that is illustrated in this book.
Download or read book Pain Models written by Hermann O. Handwerker and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neurobiology and mechanisms discovered in animals often do not translate to patients with a chronic pain condition. To help researchers and clinicians develop and use models that can help translate data from animals into humans, this book presents experimental animal models, with a focus on how they may translate into humans human experimental pain models, including details about pain induction and assessment human surrogate pain models clinical applications of pain models models that may link mechanisms of pain and pruritus Pain Models contains 29 chapters by internationally recognized experts. It is a comprehensive survey of pain models at different levels, and commentaries by clinicians directly address clinical perspectives. This unique book is unprecedented in its content. It's a quick reminder of the hard work needed to investigate the complex issue of pain perception. With the advent of increasingly sensitive noninvasive investigational tools, the authors want readers to know that basic research is still needed to help develop new drugs. This book will enrich anyone who wishes to know all that goes into conducting pain research with a lab-based pain model.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease written by Vijay Nambi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a quick, expert overview of the ways in which biomarkers can be used to assess and guide the management of cardiovascular disease in the clinical setting. This concise, clinically-focused resource by Dr. Vijay Nambi consolidates today’s available information on this rapidly changing topic into one convenient resource, making it an ideal, easy-to-digest reference for cardiology practitioners, fellows, and residents. Covers lab standards and statistical interpretation of biomarkers with a clinical focus. Discusses relevant conditions such as hypertension and diabetes as key markers of injury and prognosis. Includes current information on biomarkers to assess and guide the management of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, chest pain, shortness of breath, and more. Concludes the book with a timely chapter on how biomarkers may guide cardiologists in the future.
Download or read book siRNA and miRNA Gene Silencing written by Mouldy Sioud and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2008-11-26 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA interference has become a key method in the suppression of gene expression and the development of therapeutic agents, yet there is still the problem of delivery, stability, and the danger of off-target effects such as the silencing of unwanted genes and activation of innate immunity. In siRNA and miRNA Gene Silencing: From Bench to Bedside, expert researchers explore the most recent advances in siRNA design, expression, delivery, in vivo imaging, and methods to minimize siRNA’s unwanted effects and promote successful use in patients. As part of the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, the chapters focus on their respective subjects with easy-to-use, up-to-date information, including several step-by-step laboratory protocols on topics such as new delivery formulations and strategies with promising applications in vitro and in vivo, validated therapeutic target genes, and components of miRNA function, biogenesis, and interference with virus infection. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, siRNA and miRNA Gene Silencing: From Bench to Bedside offers an excellent collection of chapters to aid all those with an interest in RNAi, gene regulation, and new therapies.
Download or read book The Development of the Vascular System written by Richard N. Feinberg and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1991 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases written by Nik Sheng Ding and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and complete overview of biomarkers in clinical practice for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) bringing together the literature in a clear and concise manner. The book bridges the gap between growing knowledge at the bench and current and future applications of biomarkers in clinical practice. The central structure of the book focuses on prognostic and predictive biomarkers in IBD with an emphasis on the fields of research and scientific techniques (genomics, proteomics and metabonomics) that have led to biomarker discovery and places these biomarkers within a clinical context to help understand their utility in clinical practice. This book will be of use to clinicians who have an interest in using biomarkers in clinical practice as well as clinician researchers and scientists involved in the biomarker research pipeline. The author team comprises experts from around the world in order to bring together the literature in an effort to inform clinicians and researchers about the current state-of-the art in biomarker discovery. It is intended to assist future research efforts and indicate how biomarkers might be best applied to clinical practice both at present and in the future.
Download or read book Small Non Coding RNAs written by Mathieu Rederstorff and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains state-of-the-art methods tackling all aspects of small non-coding RNAs biology. Small Non-Coding RNAs: Methods and Protocols guides readers through customized dedicated protocols and technologies that will be of valuable help to all those willing to contribute deciphering the numerous functions of small non-coding RNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods of Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and key tips on troubles troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Instructive and practical, Small Non-Coding RNAs: Methods and Protocols reaches out to biochemists, cellular and molecular biologists already working in the field of RNA biology and to those just starting to study small non-coding RNAs.
Download or read book Non coding RNAs and Cancer written by Muller Fabbri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of microRNAs and its role as gene expression regulators in human carcinogenesis represents one of the most important scientific achievements of the last decade. More recently, other non-coding RNAs have been discovered and its implications in cancer are emerging as well, suggesting a broader than anticipated involvement of the non-coding genome in cancer. Moreover, completely new and unexpected functions for microRNAs are being revealed, leading to the identification of new anticancer molecular targets. This book represents a comprehensive guide on non-coding RNAs and cancer, spanning from its role as cancer biomarkers, to providing the most useful bioinformatic tools, to presenting some of the most relevant discoveries, which indicates how these fascinating molecules act as fine orchestrators of cancer biology.
Download or read book Chemokine Receptors in Cancer written by Amy M. Fulton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemokines are a superfamily of low molecular weight cytokines that were initially described based on their ability to induce the directed migration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation or injury. In humans, there are approximately 45 chemokines that bind to 19 G-protein-coupled receptors. In addition to mediating cellular migration, chemokines have now been shown to affect many cellular functions including survival, adhesion, invasion, proliferation, and to regulate circulating chemokine levels. Although chemokine receptors were first described on leukocytes, it is now appreciated that chemokine receptors are also expressed by many other cells including endothelial and epithelial cells. Since the first description of chemokine receptors on malignant cells in 2001, an extensive literature has developed describing the expression and function of chemokine receptors in many malignancies. These studies support the initial hypothesis that malignant cells use chemokine receptors to migrate to distant sites of ligand expression and that expression of certain receptors is associated with a poor prognosis. It has also become apparent that malignancies of different tissues may use a diverse profile of chemokine receptors and that the same receptor may mediate metastasis to different sites in tumors of different histological origins. Receptor function may also maintain survival and expansion of the primary tumor.
Download or read book Cystic Fibrosis in the Light of New Research written by Dennis Wat and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-08-24 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cystic Fibrosis in the Light of New Research provides the latest research and clinical evidence that will be useful for clinicians, scientists and researchers to further their knowledge around this fascinating condition. The authors have brought along their expertise and wealth of knowledge to produce this book, including the basic science that underlies the disease, the burden of bacterial and viral infections, immunologic aspects of CF, a variety of clinical measurements to predict prognosis and novel therapies including gene therapy. This book will be invaluable and entertaining for anyone who is involved in the care of patients with cystic fibrosis.
