Download or read book Microprocessor Verification Using Efficent i e Efficient Decision Procedures for a Logic of Equality with Uninterupted i e Uninterpreted Functions written by Miroslav N. Velev and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Modern processors have relatively simple specifications based on their instruction set architectures. Their implementations, however, are very complex, especially with the advent of performance-enhancing techniques such as pipelining, superscalar operation, and speculative execution. Formal techniques to verify that a processor implements its instruction set specification could yield more reliable results at a lower cost than the current simulation-based verification techniques used in industry. The logic of equality with uninterpreted functions (EUF) provides a means of abstracting the manipulation of data by a processor when verifying the correctness of its control logic. Using a method devised by Burch and Dill [BD94], the correnctness of a processor can be inferred by deciding the validity of a formula in EUF describing the comparative effect of running one clock cycle of processor operation to that of executing a small number (based on the processor issue rate) of machine instructions. This paper describes recent advances in reducing formulas in EUF to propositional logic. We can then use either Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) or satisfiability procedures to determine whether this propositional formula is a tautology. We can exploit characteristics of the formulas generated when modeling processors to significantly reduce the number of propositional variables, and consequently the complexity, of the verification task."
Download or read book Processor Verification Using Efficient Reductions of the Logic of Uninterpreted Functions to Propositional Logic written by Randal Bryant and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "The logic of equality with uninterpreted functions (EUF) provides a means of abstracting the manipulation of data by a processor when verifying the correctness of its control logic. By reducing formulas in this logic to propositional formulas, we can apply Boolean methods such as Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and Boolean satisfiability checkers to perform the verification. We can exploit characteristics of the formulas describing the verification conditions to greatly simplify the propositional formulas generated. We identify a class of terms we call 'p-terms' for which equality comparisons can only be used in monotonically positive formulas. By applying suitable abstractions to the hardware model, we can express the functionality of data values and instruction addresses flowing through an instruction pipeline with p-terms. A decision procedure can exploit the restricted uses of p-terms by considering only 'maximally diverse' interpretations of the associated function symbols, where every function application yields a different value except when constrained by functional consistency. We present two methods to translate formulas in EUF into propositional logic. The first interprets the formula over a domain of fixed-length bit vectors and uses vectors of propositional variables to encode domain variables. The second generates formulas encoding the conditions under which pairs of terms have equal valuations, introducing propositional variables to encode the equality relationships between pairs of terms. Both of these approaches can exploit maximal diversity to greatly reduce the number of propositional variables that need to be introduced and to reduce the overall formula sizes. We present experimental results demonstrating the efficiency of this approach when verifying pipelined processors using the method proposed by Burch and Dill. Exploiting positive equality allows us to overcome the exponential blow-up experienced previously [VB98] when verifying microprocessors with load, store, and branch instructions."
Download or read book Processor Verification Using Efficient Reductions of the Logic of Uninterpreted Functions to Propositional Logic written by Randal Bryant and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "The logic of equality with uninterpreted functions (EUF) provides a means of abstracting the manipulation of data by a processor when verifying the correctness of its control logic. By reducing formulas in this logic to propositional formulas, we can apply Boolean methods such as Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and Boolean satisfiability checkers to perform the verification. We can exploit characteristics of the formulas describing the verification conditions to greatly simplify the propositional formulas generated. We identify a class of terms we call 'p-terms' for which equality comparisons can only be used in monotonically positive formulas. By applying suitable abstractions to the hardware model, we can express the functionality of data values and instruction addresses flowing through an instruction pipeline with p-terms. A decision procedure can exploit the restricted uses of p-terms by considering only 'maximally diverse' interpretations of the associated function symbols, where every function application yields a different value except when constrained by functional consistency. We present two methods to translate formulas in EUF into propositional logic. The first interprets the formula over a domain of fixed-length bit vectors and uses vectors of propositional variables to encode domain variables. The second generates formulas encoding the conditions under which pairs of terms have equal valuations, introducing propositional variables to encode the equality relationships between pairs of terms. Both of these approaches can exploit maximal diversity to greatly reduce the number of propositional variables that need to be introduced and to reduce the overall formula sizes. We present experimental results demonstrating the efficiency of this approach when verifying pipelined processors using the method proposed by Burch and Dill. Exploiting positive equality allows us to overcome the exponential blow-up experienced previously [VB98] when verifying microprocessors with load, store, and branch instructions."
Download or read book Combining Symbolic Model Checking with Uninterpreted Functions for Out of order Processor Verification written by Carnegie Mellon University. Computer Science Department and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "We present a new approach to the verification of hardware systems with data dependencies using temporal logic symbolic model checking. As a benchmark we take Tomasulo's algorithm [HP96] for out-of-order instruction scheduling. Our approach is similar to the idea of uninterpreted function symbols [BD94]. We use symbolic values and instructions instead of concrete ones. This allows us to show the correctness of the machine independently of the actual instruction set architecture and the implementation of the functional units. Instead of using first order terms as in [BD94], we represent symbolic values with a new compact encoding. In addition, we apply some other reduction techniques to the model. This significantly reduces the state space and allows the use of highly efficient symbolic model checkers like SMV instead of special decision procedures. The correctness of the method has been proven formally with the PVS theorem prover."
Download or read book Combining Symbolic Model Checking with Uninterpreted Functions for Out of order Processor Verification written by Carnegie-Mellon University. Computer Science Dept and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "We present a new approach to the verification of hardware systems with data dependencies using temporal logic symbolic model checking. As a benchmark we take Tomasulo's algorithm [HP96] for out-of-order instruction scheduling. Our approach is similar to the idea of uninterpreted function symbols [BD94]. We use symbolic values and instructions instead of concrete ones. This allows us to show the correctness of the machine independently of the actual instruction set architecture and the implementation of the functional units. Instead of using first order terms as in [BD94], we represent symbolic values with a new compact encoding. In addition, we apply some other reduction techniques to the model. This significantly reduces the state space and allows the use of highly efficient symbolic model checkers like SMV instead of special decision procedures. The correctness of the method has been proven formally with the PVS theorem prover."
Download or read book Proof Methodologies for Processor Verification written by David A. Cyrluk and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Decision Procedures written by Daniel Kroening and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decision procedure is an algorithm that, given a decision problem, terminates with a correct yes/no answer. Here, the authors focus on theories that are expressive enough to model real problems, but are still decidable. Specifically, the book concentrates on decision procedures for first-order theories that are commonly used in automated verification and reasoning, theorem-proving, compiler optimization and operations research. The techniques described in the book draw from fields such as graph theory and logic, and are routinely used in industry. The authors introduce the basic terminology of satisfiability modulo theories and then, in separate chapters, study decision procedures for each of the following theories: propositional logic; equalities and uninterpreted functions; linear arithmetic; bit vectors; arrays; pointer logic; and quantified formulas.
Download or read book Decision Procedures for Equality Logic with Uninterpreted Functions written by Olga Tveretina and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Art of Multiprocessor Programming Revised Reprint written by Maurice Herlihy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised and updated with improvements conceived in parallel programming courses, The Art of Multiprocessor Programming is an authoritative guide to multicore programming. It introduces a higher level set of software development skills than that needed for efficient single-core programming. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the new principles, algorithms, and tools necessary for effective multiprocessor programming. Students and professionals alike will benefit from thorough coverage of key multiprocessor programming issues. This revised edition incorporates much-demanded updates throughout the book, based on feedback and corrections reported from classrooms since 2008 Learn the fundamentals of programming multiple threads accessing shared memory Explore mainstream concurrent data structures and the key elements of their design, as well as synchronization techniques from simple locks to transactional memory systems Visit the companion site and download source code, example Java programs, and materials to support and enhance the learning experience
Download or read book PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS IN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN FMCAD 2021 written by Michael W. Whalen and published by TU Wien Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-14 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our life is dominated by hardware: a USB stick, the processor in our laptops or the SIM card in our smart phone. But who or what makes sure that these systems work stably, safely and securely from the word go? The computer - with a little help from humans. The overall name for this is CAD (computer-aided design), and it’s become hard to imagine our modern industrial world without it. So how can we be sure that the hardware and computer systems we use are reliable? By using formal methods: these are techniques and tools to calculate whether a system description is in itself consistent or whether requirements have been developed and implemented correctly. Or to put it another way: they can be used to check the safety and security of hardware and software. Just how this works in real life was also of interest at the annual conference on "Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD)". Under the direction of Ruzica Piskac and Michael Whalen, the 21st Conference in October 2021 addressed the results of the latest research in the field of formal methods. A volume of conference proceedings with over 30 articles covering a wide range of formal methods has now been published for this online conference: starting from the verification of hardware, parallel and distributed systems as well as neuronal networks, right through to machine learning and decision-making procedures. This volume provides a fascinating insight into revolutionary methods, technologies, theoretical results and tools for formal logic in computer systems and system developments.
Download or read book The Symbolic Species The Co evolution of Language and the Brain written by Terrence W. Deacon and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1998-04-17 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A work of enormous breadth, likely to pleasantly surprise both general readers and experts."—New York Times Book Review This revolutionary book provides fresh answers to long-standing questions of human origins and consciousness. Drawing on his breakthrough research in comparative neuroscience, Terrence Deacon offers a wealth of insights into the significance of symbolic thinking: from the co-evolutionary exchange between language and brains over two million years of hominid evolution to the ethical repercussions that followed man's newfound access to other people's thoughts and emotions. Informing these insights is a new understanding of how Darwinian processes underlie the brain's development and function as well as its evolution. In contrast to much contemporary neuroscience that treats the brain as no more or less than a computer, Deacon provides a new clarity of vision into the mechanism of mind. It injects a renewed sense of adventure into the experience of being human.
Download or read book Practical Research written by Paul D. Leedy and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For undergraduate or graduate courses that include planning, conducting, and evaluating research. A do-it-yourself, understand-it-yourself manual designed to help students understand the fundamental structure of research and the methodical process that leads to valid, reliable results. Written in uncommonly engaging and elegant prose, this text guides the reader, step-by-step, from the selection of a problem, through the process of conducting authentic research, to the preparation of a completed report, with practical suggestions based on a solid theoretical framework and sound pedagogy. Suitable as the core text in any introductory research course or even for self-instruction, this text will show students two things: 1) that quality research demands planning and design; and, 2) how their own research projects can be executed effectively and professionally.
Download or read book A Computational Logic written by Robert S. Boyer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-25 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ACM Monograph Series: A Computational Logic focuses on the use of induction in proving theorems, including the use of lemmas and axioms, free variables, equalities, and generalization. The publication first elaborates on a sketch of the theory and two simple examples, a precise definition of the theory, and correctness of a tautology-checker. Topics include mechanical proofs, informal development, formal specification of the problem, well-founded relations, natural numbers, and literal atoms. The book then examines the use of type information to simplify formulas, use of axioms and lemmas as rewrite rules, and the use of definitions. Topics include nonrecursive functions, computing values, free variables in hypothesis, infinite backwards chaining, infinite looping, computing type sets, and type prescriptions. The manuscript takes a look at rewriting terms and simplifying clauses, eliminating destructors and irrelevance, using equalities, and generalization. Concerns include reasons for eliminating isolated hypotheses, precise statement of the generalization heuristic, restricting generalizations, precise use of equalities, and multiple destructors and infinite looping. The publication is a vital source of data for researchers interested in computational logic.
Download or read book VLSI SoC Advanced Topics on Systems on a Chip written by Ricardo Reis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains extended and revised versions of the best papers that were presented during the fifteenth edition of the IFIP/IEEE WG10.5 International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, a global System-on-a-Chip Design & CAD conference. The 15th conference was held at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA (October 15-17, 2007). Previous conferences have taken place in Edinburgh, Trondheim, Vancouver, Munich, Grenoble, Tokyo, Gramado, Lisbon, Montpellier, Darmstadt, Perth and Nice. The purpose of this conference, sponsored by IFIP TC 10 Working Group 10.5 and by the IEEE Council on Electronic Design Automation (CEDA), is to provide a forum to exchange ideas and show industrial and academic research results in the field of microelectronics design. The current trend toward increasing chip integration and technology process advancements brings about stimulating new challenges both at the physical and system-design levels, as well in the test of these systems. VLSI-SoC conferences aim to address these exciting new issues.
Download or read book Logical Analysis of Hybrid Systems written by André Platzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid systems are models for complex physical systems and have become a widely used concept for understanding their behavior. Many applications are safety-critical, including car, railway, and air traffic control, robotics, physical–chemical process control, and biomedical devices. Hybrid systems analysis studies how we can build computerized controllers for physical systems which are guaranteed to meet their design goals. The author gives a unique, logic-based perspective on hybrid systems analysis. It is the first book that leverages the power of logic for hybrid systems. The author develops a coherent logical approach for systematic hybrid systems analysis, covering its theory, practice, and applications. It is further shown how the developed verification techniques can be used to study air traffic and railway control systems. This book is intended for researchers, postgraduates, and professionals who are interested in hybrid systems analysis, cyberphysical or embedded systems design, logic and theorem proving, or transportation and automation.
Download or read book The Craft of Text Editing written by Craig A. Finseth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Never before has a book been published that describes the techniques and technology used in writing text editors, word processors and other software. Written for the working professional and serious student, this book covers all aspects of the task. The topics range from user psychology to selecting a language to implementing redisplay to designing the command set. More than just facts are involved, however, as this book also promotes insight into an understanding of the issues encountered when designing such software. After reading this book, you should have a clear understanding of how to go about writing text editing or word processing software. In addition, this book introduces the concepts and power of the Emacs-type of text editor. This type of editor can trace its roots to the first computer text editor written and is still by far the most powerful editor available.
Download or read book Distributed Network Systems written by Weijia Jia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-14 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both authors have taught the course of “Distributed Systems” for many years in the respective schools. During the teaching, we feel strongly that “Distributed systems” have evolved from traditional “LAN” based distributed systems towards “Internet based” systems. Although there exist many excellent textbooks on this topic, because of the fast development of distributed systems and network programming/protocols, we have difficulty in finding an appropriate textbook for the course of “distributed systems” with orientation to the requirement of the undergraduate level study for today’s distributed technology. Specifically, from - to-date concepts, algorithms, and models to implementations for both distributed system designs and application programming. Thus the philosophy behind this book is to integrate the concepts, algorithm designs and implementations of distributed systems based on network programming. After using several materials of other textbooks and research books, we found that many texts treat the distributed systems with separation of concepts, algorithm design and network programming and it is very difficult for students to map the concepts of distributed systems to the algorithm design, prototyping and implementations. This book intends to enable readers, especially postgraduates and senior undergraduate level, to study up-to-date concepts, algorithms and network programming skills for building modern distributed systems. It enables students not only to master the concepts of distributed network system but also to readily use the material introduced into implementation practices.
