Download or read book Micromechanics Modeling of the Multifunctional Nature of Carbon Nanotube polymer Nanocomposites written by Gary Don Seidel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work provides a micromechanics approach based on the generalized self-consistent composite cylinders method as a non-Eshelby approach towards for assessing the impact of carbon nanotubes on the multi-functional nature of nanocom-posites in which they are a constituent. Emphasis is placed on the effective elastic properties as well as electrical and thermal conductivities of nanocomposites con-sisting of randomly oriented single walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy. The effective elastic properties of aligned, as well as clustered and well-dispersed nanotubes in epoxy are discussed in the context of nanotube bundles using both the generalized self-consistent composite cylinders method as well as using computational microme-chanics techniques. In addition, interphase regions are introduced into the composite cylinders assemblages to account for the varying degrees of load transfer between nanotubes and the epoxy as a result of functionalization or lack thereof. Model pre-dictions for randomly oriented nanotubes both with and without interphase regions are compared to measured data from the literature with emphasis placed on assessing the bounds of the effective nanocomposite properties based on the uncertainty in the model input parameters. The generalized self-consistent composite cylinders model is also applied to model the electrical and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube-epoxy nanocomposites. Recent experimental observations of the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube polymer composites have identifed extremely low percolation limits as well as a per-ceived double percolation behavior. Explanations for the extremely low percolation limit for the electrical conductivity of these nanocomposites have included both the creation of conductive networks of nanotubes within the matrix and quantum effects such as electron hopping or tunneling. Measurements of the thermal conductivity have also shown a strong dependence on nanoscale effects. However, in contrast, these nanoscale effects strongly limit the ability of the nanotubes to increase the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite due to the formation of an interfacial thermal resistance layer between the nanotubes and the surrounding polymer. As such, emphasis is placed here on the incorporation of nanoscale effects, such as elec-tron hopping and interfacial thermal resistance, into the generalized self-consistent composite cylinder micromechanics model.

Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymers written by Roham Rafiee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers: From Nanoscale to Macroscale addresses the advances in nanotechnology that have led to the development of a new class of composite materials known as CNT-reinforced polymers. The low density and high aspect ratio, together with their exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, render carbon nanotubes as a good reinforcing agent for composites. In addition, these simulation and modeling techniques play a significant role in characterizing their properties and understanding their mechanical behavior, and are thus discussed and demonstrated in this comprehensive book that presents the state-of-the-art research in the field of modeling, characterization and processing. The book separates the theoretical studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and their composites into atomistic modeling and continuum mechanics-based approaches, including both analytical and numerical ones, along with multi-scale modeling techniques. Different efforts have been done in this field to address the mechanical behavior of isolated CNTs and their composites by numerous researchers, signaling that this area of study is ongoing. - Explains modeling approaches to carbon nanotubes, together with their application, strengths and limitations - Outlines the properties of different carbon nanotube-based composites, exploring how they are used in the mechanical and structural components - Analyzes the behavior of carbon nanotube-based composites in different conditions

Download or read book Multi fidelity Modeling of Interfacial Micromechanics for Off Aligned Polymer Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites written by Reed Kopp and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent initiatives to stimulate development of next-generation rotorcraft featuring leap-ahead improvements in speed, payload, range, and durability, such as Clean Sky and Future Vertical Lift, have revitalized research efforts directed toward advanced, unconventional designs that emphasize lower operations and sustainment costs. Accordingly, soft-inplane damperless bearingless and hingeless rotor concepts have garnered significant interest. However, soft-inplane designs are susceptible to aeromechanical instabilities, such as air and ground resonance, which can potentially induce catastrophic blade vibrations without sufficient blade damping. To ensure stability, current composite blades typically require auxiliary damping sources that incur weight, volume, complexity, and maintenance penalties. Alternatively, one promising approach for achieving new lightweight, low vibration rotorcraft structures is passive damping engineered intrinsically into a structure via polymeric nanocomposites.In this study, a multi-fidelity modeling effort is employed to investigate the interfacial load transfer micromechanics, including strain energy storage and dissipation, of an off-aligned discontinuously-reinforced polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposite. The effects of off-alignment angle on nanocomposite mechanical properties is of primary interest. The methodology in this study is separated into two independent modeling tracks: a simplified analytical micromechanics model and a high-fidelity 3D finite element model. Both model types explore transverse fixed and transverse free boundary conditions applied to the representative volume element, which correspond to applied strain and applied stress external loading conditions, respectively. Each model accounts for interfacial shear stress variations along the azimuthal direction of the nano-inclusion surface that are a result of nonzero and non-right alignment angles with respect to the applied loading. The analytical micromechanics models examine non-embedded fiber conditions, for which matrix end material effects are neglected, in the preslip and postslip regimes and embedded fiber conditions, for which matrix end material effects are included, in the preslip regime. The non-embedded micromechanics model is based on principles from an extended Cox model for discontinuous fiber reinforcement and generalized shear lag analysis for off-aligned discontinuous fibers; furthermore, the energy dissipation, which is based on principles of a simple amplitude-dependent friction damper, is assumed to be caused only by interfacial slip friction between constituents and is functionally dependent on the interfacial shear force acting over slipped portions of the matrix/nano-inclusion interface. In order to isolate the effects of azimuthal interfacial shear stress variation, a comparison of the current non-embedded model with an alternative non-embedded analytical model that employs an interfacial shear magnitude approach is performed. The embedded analytical micromechanics model is based on principles from a modified Cox model that extends the non-embedded approach to account for finite matrix end material and nonzero fiber end normal stress. The finite element model is implemented in the preslip regime for an embedded fiber with limited off-alignment angle range.The material properties employed by each model reflect those of a realistic multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly-ether-ether-ketone nanocomposite architecture. In the preslip regime, the FEM and analytical model predictions for interfacial shear and nano-inclusion normal stress distributions generally display good agreement, which is improved by including inclusion end stress effects in the analytical models. For the transverse fixed boundary condition, the non-embedded analytical model predicts reduced interfacial slip damping capacity as off-alignment increases, with initiation of slip becoming impossible at relatively high off-alignment angles. However, for the transverse free boundary condition, the non-embedded analytical model predicts that zero interfacial slip damping occurs comparatively at more moderate off-alignment angles, with nonzero damping occurring at both lower and higher off-alignment angles. The phenomena of extrema in interfacial slip damping with respect to alignment angle is due to the relative strain behavior between nanocomposite constituents caused by elastic stiffness mismatch. The alternative azimuthal magnitude non-embedded analytical model generally underpredicts storage modulus and greatly overpredicts loss modulus (for nonzero and non-right off-alignments) compared with the corresponding properties predicted by the current non-embedded analytical model because the alternative azimuthal magnitude approach assumes a greater interfacial slip surface area for a given off-alignment angle and strain magnitude compared to the current approach. Overall, the results demonstrate that nano-inclusion alignment angle substantially affects nanocomposite stiffness and interfacial damping and that azimuthal variation of the interfacial shear is a critical feature of nanocomposite mechanics. The outcome of this multi-fidelity modeling study is an array of qualified nanocomposite mechanical property prediction methods spanning a wide range of practical off-alignment angles, applied dynamic strain amplitudes and static strain magnitudes, loading and fiber embedment conditions, and nano-inclusion geometries and concentrations.

Download or read book Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites written by Jinsong Leng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The novel properties of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites make them useful for a broad range of applications in fields as diverse as space exploration, bioengineering, car manufacturing, and organic solar cell development, just to name a few. Presenting an overview of polymer nanocomposites, how they compare with traditional composites, and th

Download or read book Carbon Nanotube polymer Composites written by Dimitrios Tasis and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to summarize the basic chemical aspects for obtaining multifunctional carbon nanotube-based polymer composites, but also to highlight some of the most remarkable advances that occurred in the field during the last recent years.

Download or read book Multiscale Modeling of Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer Composites written by AHMED ROWAEY Rowaey Abdelazeam ALIAN and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, novel multiscale modeling techniques have been successfully developed to study multifunctional nanocomposite polymeric materials. Interfacial, mechanical, electrical, and piezoresistive properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polymer composites were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD), micromechanics, and coupled electromechanical modeling techniques. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphology and dispersion state of a typical CNT-epoxy composite. Based on these measurements, realistic nanocomposite structures were modeled using representative volume elements (RVEs) reinforced by CNTs with different aspect ratios, curvatures, orientations, alignment angles, and bundle sizes. At the nanoscale level, the interfacial shear strength was determined via pull-out MD simulations. Additionally, the stiffness constants of a pure polymer, pristine and defective CNTs, and an effective fiber consisting of a CNT and a surrounding layer of polymeric chains were determined using the constant-strain energy minimization method. The obtained atomistic mechanical properties of the composite constituents were then scaled up using Mori-Tanaka micromechanical scheme. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to determine the percolation and electrical conductivity of RVEs containing randomly dispersed CNTs. An advanced search algorithm was developed to identify percolating CNT networks and transform them into an equivalent electrical circuit formed from intrinsic and tunneling resistances. A solver based on the modified nodal analysis technique was then developed to calculate the effective conductivity of the RVE. Finally, the electrical model was coupled with a three-dimensional finite element model of the RVE to determine the coupled electromechanical behavior of the composite under tensile, compressive, and shear loads from the resistance-strain relationship. The outcome of the developed modeling approach revealed that: the elastic modulus of a nanocomposite reinforced with well-dispersed straight CNTs was found to increase almost linearly with the increase of their volume fraction and double at CNT volume fraction of 5.0 %; the combined effect of CNT waviness and agglomeration results in a significant reduction in the bulk properties of the nanocomposite; CNTs with grain boundaries perpendicular to the tube axis experience 60% reduction in its mechanical strength; and the nanocomposite gauge factor can reach up to 3.95 and is sensitive to loading direction and CNT concentration.

Download or read book Foundations of Nanotechnology Volume Three written by Saeedeh Rafiei and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research notes book, the modelling of mechanical properties of CNT/polymer nanocomposites is presented. The book begins with the structural and intrinsic mechanical properties of CNTs and then introduces computational methods that have been applied to polymer nanocomposites, covering from molecular scale (molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo), m

Download or read book Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes Graphene and their Composites written by Konstantinos I. Tserpes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large part of the research currently being conducted in the fields of materials science and engineering mechanics is devoted to carbon nanotubes and their applications. In this process, modeling is a very attractive investigation tool due to the difficulties in manufacturing and testing of nanomaterials. Continuum modeling offers significant advantages over atomistic modeling. Furthermore, the lack of accuracy in continuum methods can be overtaken by incorporating input data either from experiments or atomistic methods. This book reviews the recent progress in continuum modeling of carbon nanotubes and their composites. The advantages and disadvantages of continuum methods over atomistic methods are comprehensively discussed. Numerical models, mainly based on the finite element method, as well as analytical models are presented in a comparative way starting from the simulation of isolated pristine and defected nanotubes and proceeding to nanotube-based composites. The ability of continuum methods to bridge different scales is emphasized. Recommendations for future research are given by focusing on what still continuum methods have to learn from the nano-scale. The scope of the book is to provide current knowledge aiming to support researchers entering the scientific area of carbon nanotubes to choose the appropriate modeling tool for accomplishing their study and place their efforts to further improve continuum methods.

Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Polymer Nanocomposites written by Srikanta Moharana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Based Composites written by Antonio Pantano and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2012-09-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have amazing properties and a key way to take advantage of this is by incorporating nanotubes into a matrix to build composite materials. The best candidates for this task are undoubtedly polymers. Almost every characteristic of a polymer can be significantly enhanced by adding carbon nanotubes and as a result, new potential applications of carbon nanotube enhanced polymer composites are discovered every day. However, before carbon nanotube enhanced polymer composites become commonplace there are some tough challenges that need to be overcome. This book reviews the status of worldwide research in both single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube based composites. It serves as a practical guide on carbon nanotube based composites and a reference to students and researchers from the academia and industry.

Download or read book Constitutive Modeling of Nanotube reinforced Polymer Composite Systems written by Gregory M. Odegard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, a technique has been proposed for developing constitive models for polymer composite systems reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Since the polymer molecules are on the same size scale as the nanotubes, the interaction at the polymer/nanotube interface is highly dependent on the local molecular structure and bonding. At these small length scales, the lattice structures of the nanotube and polymer chains cannot be be considered continuous, and the bulk mechanical properties of the SWNT/polymer composites can no longer be determined through traditional micromechanical approaches that are formulated using continuum mechanics. It is proposed herein that the nanotube, the local polymer near the nanotube, and the nanotube/polymer interface can be modeled as an effective continuum fiber using an equivalent-continuum modeling method.

Download or read book Micromechanics Modeling of the Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Nanotude CNT Polymer Nanocomposites written by Zhuang Feng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymers to form conductive composites has been attracting great interest from research and industry communities due to their potential applications. Experiments and simulations have demonstrated that the addition of a very small amount of CNTs into polymers can significantly improve the electrical conductivity of the composites. Such significant improvement in the electrical conductivity is attributed to two conductivity mechanisms: nanoscale electron hopping and microscale conductive networks. Understanding and prediction of the overall electrical conductivity of the composites with the incorporation of the conductivity mechanisms that underpin the macroscopic electrical properties are essential for their engineering applications. One of the most promising applications of the conductive composites is for stretchable electronics. For such an application, it is naturally necessary to investigate the stretching effects upon the overall electrical conductivity of the composites. Furthermore, CNTs dispersed in polymers are usually not straight but rather have a certain degree of waviness due to the CNTs' large aspect ratio and low bending stiffness. It has been suggested that the waviness can have considerable effect on the electrical conductivity of the composites. Therefore, the investigation of CNT waviness effect is of great importance for the prediction of the overall electrical conductivity of the composites. In this thesis, based on the micromechanics theory, a mixed micromechanics model with the incorporation of the nanoscale electron hopping and the microscale conductive networks is first developed to predict the electrical conductivity of the composites. The modeling results agree well with existing experimental data. It is found that both the electron hopping and the conductive networks contribute to the electrical conductivity of the composites while conductive networks become dominant to the electrical conductivity of the composites after percolation. It was also indicated that the sizes of CNTs have significant effects on the percolation threshold and the overall electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. Based on the developed micromechanics model, stretching effects are then investigated by incorporating the stretching induced changes into the micromechanics model. The investigation found that the stretching, including uni-axial and bi-axial stretching, decreases the electrical conductivity of the composites in the stretching direction and the decrease is more evident for the bi-axial stretching compared to uni-axial stretching. It is also observed that the electrical conductivity is more sensitive to stretching for the composites with lower CNT volume fraction. Finally, we studied the CNT waviness effects upon the electrical conductivity of the composites under a uni-axial stretching. It is demonstrated that the waviness significantly decreases the electrical conductivity of the composites and the electrical conductivity is more sensitive to the waviness for the composites with lower CNT volume fraction and larger stretching strain. Reasons for the observed variations and phenomena are interpreted. The work in this thesis is expected to obtain increased understanding on the overall electrical conductivity of CNT-polymer composites from the theoretical perspective and provide useful guidelines for the design and optimization of the composites.

Download or read book Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites written by Visakh P. M. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials are defined as materials in which at least one length dimension is below 100 nanometers. In this size regime, these materials exhibit particular - and tunable - optical, electrical or mechanical properties that are not present at the macro-scale. This opens up the possibility for a plethora of applications at the interface of materials, chemistry, physics and biology, many of which have already entered the commercial realm. When nanomaterials are blended with other materials not necessarily in the nanometer regime, the resulting nanocomposites can exhibit dramatically different properties than the bulk material alone, leading to an enhanced performance in terms of, for example, increased thermal and mechanical stability. This book presents the synthesis, characterization and applications of nanomaterials and nanocomposites, covering zero-dimensional, elemental nanoparticles, one-dimensional materials such as nanorods and nanowhiskers, two-dimensional materials such as graphene and boron nitride as well as three-dimensional materials such as fullerenes, polyhedral oligomers and zeolites, complemented by bio-based nanomaterials, e.g., cellulose, chitin, starch and proteins. Introductory chapters on the state-of-the-art of nanomaterial research and the chemistry and physics in nanoscience and nanotechnology round off the book.

Download or read book Analytic and Computational Micromechanics of Clustering and Interphase Effects in Carbon Nanotube Composites written by Daniel Carl Hammerand and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective elastic properties for carbon nanotube reinforced composites are obtained through a variety of micromechanics techniques. Using the in-plane elastic properties of graphene, the effective properties of carbon nanotubes are calculated utilizing a composite cylinders micromechanics technique as a first step in a two-step process. These effective properties are then used in the self-consistent and Mori-Tanaka methods to obtain effective elastic properties of composites consisting of aligned single or multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in a polymer matrix. Effective composite properties from these averaging methods are compared to a direct composite cylinders approach extended from the work of Hashin and Rosen (1964) and Christensen and Lo (1979). Comparisons with finite element simulations are also performed. The effects of an interphase layer between the nanotubes and the polymer matrix as result of functionalization is also investigated using a multi-layer composite cylinders approach. Finally, the modeling of the clustering of nanotubes into bundles due to interatomic forces is accomplished herein using a tessellation method in conjunction with a multi-phase Mori-Tanaka technique. In addition to aligned nanotube composites, modeling of the effective elastic properties of randomly dispersed nanotubes into a matrix is performed using the Mori-Tanaka method, and comparisons with experimental data are made. Computational micromechanical analysis of high-stiffness hollow fiber nanocomposites is performed using the finite element method. The high-stiffness hollow fibers are modeled either directly as isotropic hollow tubes or equivalent transversely isotropic effective solid cylinders with properties computed using a micromechanics based composite cylinders method. Using a representative volume element for clustered high-stiffness hollow fibers embedded in a compliant matrix with the appropriate periodic boundary conditions, the effective elastic properties are obtained from the finite element results. These effective elastic properties are compared to approximate analytical results found using micromechanics methods. The effects of an interphase layer between the high-stiffness hollow fibers and matrix to simulate imperfect load transfer and/or functionalization of the hollow fibers is also investigated and compared to a multi-layer composite cylinders approach. Finally the combined effects of clustering with fiber-matrix interphase regions are studied. The parametric studies performed herein were motivated by and used properties for single-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in an epoxy matrix, and as such are intended to serve as a guide for continuum level representations of such nanocomposites in a multi-scale modeling approach.

Download or read book Trends in Nanoscale Mechanics written by Vasyl Harik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-19 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of the state-of-the-art reviews written by the leading researchers in the areas of nanoscale mechanics, molecular dynamics, nanoscale modeling of nanocomposites and mechanics of carbon nanotubes. No other book provides reviews of recent discoveries such as a nanoscale analog of the Pauli’s principle, i.e., effect of the spatial exclusion of electrons or the SEE effect, a new Registry Matrix Analysis for the nanoscale interfacial sliding and new data on the effective viscosity of interfacial electrons in nanoscale stiction at the interfaces. This volume is also an exceptional resource on the well tested nanoscale modeling of carbon nanotubes and nanocomposites, new nanoscale effects, unique evaluations of the effective thickness of carbon nanotubes under different loads, new data on which size of carbon nanotubes is safer and many other topics. Extensive bibliography concerning all these topics is included along with the lucid short reviews. Numerous illustrations are provided for molecular dynamic simulations, fascinating nanoscale phenomena and remarkable new effects. It is of interest to a wide range of researchers and students.

Download or read book Nanocomposites written by Jinbo Bai and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-06-24 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocomposites are one of the major advances in the field of materials. They have applications in sectors as varied as aeronautics, energy and the environment. However, the effective use of nanocomposites requires new knowledge and tools in order to overcome the difficulties and benefit from the advantages. Nanocomposites presents recent academic and industrial progress in this field, as well as the latest research on the effective use of nanoscale fillers and reinforcements to improve the performance of advanced nanocomposites. It also describes the techniques and tools used to prepare nanocomposites, including the latest techniques for synthesis and surface treatment of nanofillers for different applications. Finally, it details the role of nanoscience in the design, characterization and multi-scale modeling of these materials, with a focus on nanoscale phenomena.

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Arvind Agarwal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Foreword, written by legendary nano pioneer M. Meyyappan, Chief Scientist for Exploration Technology NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA: "...there is critical need for a book to summarize the status of the field but more importantly to lay out the principles behind the technology. This is what Professor Arvind Agarwal and his co-workers ... have done here." Carbon Nanotubes: Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites reflects the authors’ desire to share the benefits of nanotechnology with the masses by developing metal matrix carbon nanotube (MM-CNT) composites for large-scale applications. Multiwall carbon nanotubes can now be produced on a large scale and at a significantly reduced cost. The book explores potential applications and applies the author’s own research to highlight critical developmental issues for different MM-CNT composites—and then outline novel solutions. With this problem-solving approach, the book explores: Advantages, limitations, and the evolution of processing techniques used for MM-CNT composites Characterization techniques unique to the study of MM-CNT composites—and the limitations of these methods Existing research on different MM-CNT composites, presented in useful tables that include composition, processing method, quality of CNT dispersion, and properties The micro-mechanical strengthening that results from adding CNT The applicability of micro-mechanics models in MM-CNT composites Significance of chemical stability for carbon nanotubes in the metal matrix as a function of processing, and its impact on CNT/metal interface and mechanical properties Computational studies that have not been sufficiently covered although they are essential to research and development The critical issue of CNT dispersion in the metal matrix, as well as a unique way to quantify CNT distribution and subsequently improve control of the processing parameters for obtaining improved properties Carbon Nanotubes: Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites paints a vivid picture of scientific and application achievements in this field. Exploring the mechanisms through which CNTs are enhancing the properties of different metal-based composites, the authors provide a roadmap to help researchers develop MM-CNT composites and choose potential materials for use in emerging areas of technology.