Download or read book Microelectrodes Theory and Applications written by I. Montenegro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of microelectrodes is widely recognised and interest in their application in diverse areas of research has been increasing over the past ten years. In fact, several meetings organized by the International Society of Electrochemistry, The American Chemical Society and The U. S. Electrochemical Society have analysed various aspects of their theory and applications. For this reason it seemed that the time had arrived when scientists from around the world, actively concerned with research in the area of microelectrodes, should meet, exchange ideas and assess the direction of future developments. Furthermore, it seemed appropriate that this meeting should be held as a NATO Advanced Study Institute, so that students and young scientists with research interests in microelectrodes would have the opportunity to interact with experts in the field, establish future collaboration and, hopefully, catalyse new developments in the area. The meeting was held in Alvor, Portugal, in May 1990. This book compiles the lectures delivered in the Institute. It reviews the most important aspects of microelectrodes and points out directions for future research in this field. Several contributions discuss recent developments in theoretical aspects such as the properties of various geometries and computational procedures for solving the equations describing the coupling of mass transport to microelectrodes with heterogeneous electron tranfer and homogeneous chemistry. The materials and methods available for microelectrodes manufacture are presented in some detail. Both steady state and transient techniques are covered and the interaction of theory with experiment is discussed.
Download or read book Ion Selective Microelectrodes written by Daniel Ammann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microelectrode technique is today the most widely used method in electrophy siology. Microelectrodes offer a unique approach to measurements of electrical pa rameters and ion activities of single cells. Several important breakthroughs in trans port physiology have arisen from microelectrode studies. Undoubtedly, there is a progressively wide-spread use of conventional and ion-selective microelectrodes. Due to their particular dimension and properties micro electrodes are exclusive ly applied to measurements on living matter. This must have many consequences to my thoughts on experiments with microelectrodes. In this book, my concern is fo cussing on the description of an intracellular method that should lead to reliable in formation on cellular parameters. The methodical basis for any meaningful applica tion is treated extensively. However, technical perfection and accurate results are not the only concern when working on animals and human beings. Rather, my thoughts are governed by the intellectual and moral mastery of the experimental ap proach on living subjects. A measurement with microelectrodes usually necessitates the sacrifice of an ani mal. This is an immense fact, and means that the knowledge gained by the experi ment must justify the death of a living subject.
Download or read book Ion Selective Microelectrodes written by Herbert Berman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PH and ion-selective microelectrodes are rapidly finding an increasing number of applications in the study and control of living (and nonliving) systems. They are unique in their capacity to measure chemical species without altering natural or controlled environmental conditions. Furthermore, these potentiometric tools measure the activity of the chemical species in contrast to conventional ones that measure total concentration. The "Workshop on IonueSelective Microelectrodes" is designed to provide an insight into the principles, theory, fabrication, techniques, present limitations, goals, and applications of some of these tools. The importance and types of microelectrodes and guidelines for their application in biological systems are discussed by Berman. Their present limitations are reviewed by Durst. He warns that their use in analyzing living matter should be approached with caution because of the ill-defined nature of biologic systems. Techniques are presented next for the fabrication of pH (Hebert), antimony (Green and Giebisch, and Malnic et al.), oxygen (Whalen), then single-barrelled (Wright, Walker and Ladle, Morris and rnjevic) and double barrelled (Zeuthen et al., and Khuri) potassium and chloride liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. Difficulties with and fabrication of reference and glucose electrodes are covered, respectively, by Durst and Wright, and Bessman and Schultz. Applications of pH and ion-selective microelectrodes are described in microanalysis (Wright), measurement of intracellular ion activity and calculation of equilibrium potentials (Brown and Kunze), and then studies of the kidney (Wright, Malnic et al., and Khuri), brain (Zeuthen et al., Morris and Krnjevic), frog heart (Walker and Ladle), and human skeletal muscle (Filler and Das). In addition, actual and potential clinical applications, respectively, of pH (Filler and Das) and glucose (Bessman and Schultz) electrodes are reviewed.
Download or read book Voltage and Patch Clamping with Microelectrodes written by Thomas G Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited and authored by international experts on voltage and patch clamping, this volume is designed to help anyone undertaking experiments requiring the use of these techniques. The only book of its kind to bring together this wealth of information on theory as well as practical techniques, this is a volume that no one involved in voltage and patch clamping can afford to be without.
Download or read book Ion Selective Microelectrodes and Their Use in Excitable Tissues written by Eva Sykova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Symposium on "Ion Selective Microelectrodes and Their Use in Excitable Tissues" was held in Prague from July 8-11, 1980. It was organized by the Institute of Physiology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences as a satellite symposium of the XXVIII Interna tional Congress of Physiological Sciences in Budapest. Sixty parti cipants met for three days in the historical setting of the Strahov Monastery. The informal and relaxed atmosphere of the scientific sessions, together with the social programme made the meeting a success and helped to cement old friendships and to form new ones. The organizers were happy to welcome as participants representatives from most of the laboratories working with ion-selective microelectrodes (ISMs) in the world. Neurophysiological research with liquid ion-exchanger ISMs in the Prague laboratory was started as early as 1971 due to the fact that one of us (P. H. ) had the opportunity of learning the technique directly from Dr. J. L. Walker in Salt Lake City. It was thanks to his patience and, later, his courtesy in providing us with the liquid ion-exchanger for potassium and silicone that we were able to get a start in what turned out to be, in a year or so, very strong international competition. This volume contains the papers presented at the Symposium. It is divided according to the actual sessions with names of the chair men, who helped the organizers to make the Symposium a real success.
Download or read book Microelectrodes written by Kin Fong Lei and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the mature development of microfabrication technology, micro-scale electrodes, i.e., microelectrodes, for the electrical observation of activities in micro-scale environment become realizable. This technique opened a new avenue for micro-scale observation and measurement besides the optical technique. This book presents the techniques, structures, and applications of using microelectrodes in a micro-scale environment. It covers a broad spectrum of topics and the state of the art techniques in the field. As such, the book is divided into four sections, comprising 11 chapters written by recognized experts from leading groups around the world. The reader will gain a unique perspective on the challenges and emerging opportunities in the technology of microelectrodes.
Download or read book Microelectrode Recording in Movement Disorder Surgery written by Zvi Israel and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As movement disorder surgery advances and becomes more commonplace, the need for accurate physiological localizing data- optimally achieved through extracellular microelectrode recording- is more critical than ever. However, this complex technique carries a high learning curve and most neurosurgeons have little training in the field. Here is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of the art of microelectrode recording in movement disorders surgery, offering a solid understanding of the basics, as well as much useful clinical information for experienced practitioners. Key features: Examines the scientific basis and background of microrecording, types of results one can expect, controversies, avenues for research, and probable directions for future development Valuable ''how-to-get-started'' guide to commercial systems Clearly details principles and techniques for data analysis, signal processing and pattern recognition, target selection, and other critical issues All topics have been evaluated and reviewed by leading experts in the field Tackling all important points in microelectrode recording, this book will sharpen your knowledge of the science and clinical application of the increasingly important technique. For neurosurgeons, neurologists, and neurophysiologists undertaking complex movement disorder procedures, this book is a must.
Download or read book Neural Microelectrodes Design and Applications written by Stuart Cogan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural electrodes enable the recording and stimulation of bioelectrical activity in the nervous system. This technology provides neuroscientists with the means to probe the functionality of neural circuitry in both health and disease. In addition, neural electrodes can deliver therapeutic stimulation for the relief of debilitating symptoms associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and may serve as the basis for the restoration of sensory perception through peripheral nerve and brain regions after disease or injury. Lastly, microscale neural electrodes recording signals associated with volitional movement in paralyzed individuals can be decoded for controlling external devices and prosthetic limbs or driving the stimulation of paralyzed muscles for functional movements. In spite of the promise of neural electrodes for a range of applications, chronic performance remains a goal for long-term basic science studies, as well as clinical applications. New perspectives and opportunities from fields including tissue biomechanics, materials science, and biological mechanisms of inflammation and neurodegeneration are critical to advances in neural electrode technology. This Special Issue will address the state-of-the-art knowledge and emerging opportunities for the development and demonstration of advanced neural electrodes.
Download or read book An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering written by Nadim Maluf and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2004 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing you up-to-date with the latest developments in MEMS technology, this major revision of the best-selling An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering offers you a current understanding of this cutting-edge technology. You gain practical knowledge of MEMS materials, design, and manufacturing, and learn how it is being applied in industrial, optical, medical and electronic markets. The second edition features brand new sections on RF MEMS, photo MEMS, micromachining on materials other than silicon, reliability analysis, plus an expanded reference list. With an emphasis on commercialized products, this unique resource helps you determine whether your application can benefit from a MEMS solution, understand how other applications and companies have benefited from MEMS, and select and define a manufacturable MEMS process for your application. You discover how to use MEMS technology to enable new functionality, improve performance, and reduce size and cost. The book teaches you the capabilities and limitations of MEMS devices and processes, and helps you communicate the relative merits of MEMS to your company's management. From critical discussions on design operation and process fabrication of devices and systems, to a thorough explanation of MEMS packaging, this easy-to-understand book clearly explains the basics of MEMS engineering, making it an invaluable reference for your work in the field.
Download or read book Glass Microelectrodes written by Marc Lavallée and published by New York : Wiley c1969. This book was released on 1969 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Chemical Analysis with Microelectrodes written by John Ellis Baur and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion sensitive Intracellular Microelectrodes written by Roger Christopher Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to ion-sensitive microelectrodes; Micropipette pullers; Conventional or ion-insensitive microelectrodes; Glasses and apparatus for making ion-sensitive microelectrodes; Construction of pH-sensitive microelectrodes; Construction of solid state Na+- and K+- sensitive microelectrodes; Solid-state Cl- sensitive microelectrodes; Construction of liquid-membrane Ion-sensitive microelectrodes; Apparatus for testing and using ion sensitive microelectrodes; Testing, using and calibrating ion-sensitive microelectrodes; Troubleshooting microelectrodes; Some sources of supply.
Download or read book Transport in Plants II written by U. Lüttge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As plant physiology increased steadily in the latter half of the 19th century, problems of absorption and transport of water and of mineral nutrients and problems of the passage of metabolites from one cell to another were investigated, especially in Germany. JUSTUS VON LIEBIG, who was born in Darmstadt in 1803, founded agricultural chemistry and developed the techniques of mineral nutrition in agricul ture during the 70 years of his life. The discovery of plasmolysis by NAGEL! (1851), the investigation of permeability problems of artificial membranes by TRAUBE (1867) and the classical work on osmosis by PFEFFER (1877) laid the foundations for our understanding of soluble substances and osmosis in cell growth and cell mechanisms. Since living membranes were responsible for controlling both water movement and the substances in solution, "permeability" became a major topic for investigation and speculation. The problems then discussed under that heading included passive permeation by diffusion, Donnan equilibrium adjustments, active transport processes and antagonism between ions. In that era, when organelle isolation by differential centrifugation was unknown and the electron microscope had not been invented, the number of cell membranes, their thickness and their composition, were matters for conjecture. The nature of cell surface membranes was deduced with remarkable accuracy from the reactions of cells to substances in solution. In 1895, OVERTON, in U. S. A. , published the hypothesis that membranes were probably lipid in nature because of the greater penetration by substances with higher fat solubility.
Download or read book Compendium of Biomedical Instrumentation 3 Volume Set written by Raghbir Singh Khandpur and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 1794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential reference filled with 400 of today's current biomedical instruments and devices Designed mainly for the active bio-medical equipment technologists involved in hands-on functions like managing these technologies by way of their usage, operation & maintenance and those engaged in advancing measurement techniques through research and development, this book covers almost the entire range of instruments and devices used for diagnosis, imaging, analysis, and therapy in the medical field. Compiling 400 instruments in alphabetical order, it provides comprehensive information on each instrument in a lucid style. Each description in Compendium of Biomedical Instrumentation covers four aspects: purpose of the instrument; principle of operation, which covers physics, engineering, electronics, and data processing; brief specifications; and major applications. Devices listed range from the accelerometer, ballistocardiograph, microscopes, lasers, and electrocardiograph to gamma counter, hyperthermia system, microtome, positron emission tomography, uroflowmeter, and many more. Covers almost the entire range of medical instruments and devices which are generally available in hospitals, medical institutes at tertiary, secondary, and peripheral level facilities Presents broad areas of applications of medical instruments/technology, including specialized equipment for various medical specialties, fully illustrated with figures & photographs Contains exhaustive description on state of the art instruments and also includes some generation old legacy instruments which are still in use in some medical facilities. Compendium of Biomedical Instrumentation is a must-have resource for professionals and undergraduate and graduate students in biomedical engineering, as well as for clinical engineers and bio-medical equipment technicians.
Download or read book Improving Biocompatibility of Neural Microelectrodes by Coupling Local Drug Release written by Catherine Tsufin Lo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practical Methods in Cardiovascular Research written by Stefan Dhein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-03-17 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists working or planning to work in the field of cardiovascular research will welcome Practical Methods in Cardiovascular Research as the reference book they have long been waiting for. Not only general aspects of cardiovascular research are well presented, but also detailed descriptions of methods and protocols and practical examples. Written by leading scientists in their field, chapters cover classical methods such as the Langendorff heart or working heart models as well as numerous new techniques and methods. Newcomers and experienced researchers alike will benefit from the troubleshooting guide in each chapter, the extensive reference lists for advanced reading and the great practical experience of the authors. Practical Methods in Cardiovascular Research is therefore a long awaited "must have" for anybody with an interest in cardiovascular research.
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Enzyme modified Carbon fiber Microelectrodes for the Measurement of Neurotransmitter Dynamics written by Paul Pantano and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
