Download or read book Microclimate and Transpiration Efficiency in Dryland Crops in Relation to Planting Geometry Growth Stage and Cultivar written by Sushil Thapa and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultivar selection, planting geometry, and plant population are the key factors determining grain sorghum yields in water deficit areas. When soil resources such as water are non-limiting, uniform cropping will provide the greatest efficiency in light interception and photosynthesis, but when resources are limiting, non-uniform treatment of the land or the crop can be an advantage. A 2-yr sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) greenhouse study was conducted to investigate whether clump geometry (three plants clustered) improves microclimate within crop canopy when plants are grown under varying water levels. Plants were grown at two geometries (clump and conventional evenly spaced planting; ESP), two water levels (high and low representing well-watered and drought condition), and three soil surface treatments (lid covered, straw-mulched, and bare surface). Air temperature and relative humidity (RH) within the plant canopy were measured every five minutes at different growth stages. Mean vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) within the clumps were consistently lower than those for ESPs, indicating that clumps improved the microclimate. Clumps had significantly higher harvest index (HI) compared to ESPs (0.48 vs. 0.43), which was largely due to clumps having only 0.4 tillers per plant compared to 1.2 tillers per plant for ESPs. Grain yield was not different between clumps and ESPs. However, results suggest that improved microclimate was likely a reason for clumps producing significantly higher grain yields in previous studies reported in the literature. Corn (Zea mays L.) field studies were conducted in Gruver (Gruver field study, GFS) and Bushland (Bushland field study, BFS), Texas to compare plant canopy temperature, within canopy VPD, grain yield, yield components, and water use efficiency (WUE) for clump (3 plants clustered) and ESP geometries with the same plant populations. At different growth stages for both studies, thermal images were taken for calculating canopy temperature, and temperature and relative humidity within the plant canopy were measured. As a whole, canopy temperatures were significantly lower for clumps compared to ESPs, and mean VPDs within the clumps were consistently lower than those for ESPs, indicating that clumps improved the microclimate. WUE and grain yield showed mixed results, but HI was significantly higher for clumps than that for ESPs in both studies (0.56 vs. 0.54 in GFS and 0.48 vs. 0.45 in BFS). In GFS, plants were grown under three water levels (high, medium, and low). With decreasing irrigation level, canopy temperature and VPD increased and aboveground biomass, grain yield, and HI decreased. Corn plants with medium irrigation level had the highest WUE (1.83 kg m-3) compared to plants at high (1.34 kg m-3) and low (1.22 kg m-3) irrigation levels. Results suggest that growing corn in clumps may be a useful strategy under semi-arid climatic conditions because they improved microclimate, reduced number of tillers, and increased HI with comparable grain yield compared to conventional ESP. Transpiration efficiency (TE) is an important physiological trait in plants for maintaining soil moisture longer and producing high yield with limited water supply. In contrast to other major food crops, little is known about the sorghum TE and its dynamics in relation to environmental VPD. Two simultaneous studies in each of the greenhouse and plant growth chamber were conducted to compare sorghum TE at different growth stages, and to determine the effects of VPD on TE. Plants were grown using lid covered boxes and harvested at six-leaf stage (S1), flag leaf stage (S2), grain filling stage (S3), and grain maturity stage (S4). For all studies, shoot biomass increased linearly with cumulative water used in transpiration. Root biomass increased up to S3 and remained constant thereafter, but shoot biomass as well as shoot: root (S:R) ratio increased consistently from S1 through S4. The overall mean VPDs and shoot transpiration efficiency (TEshoot) for different growth stages were similar within each study. VPDs were different from one study to the other. When data from all studies were combined, ETshoot showed an inverse linear relationship with crop growing period VPD, suggesting that TE decreases as the crop growing period VPD increases. The yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the major crops grown in the Texas High Plains, is mainly affected by drought. Under drought conditions, TE is often considered an important determinant of plant growth and grain yield, which may differ from one cultivar to the other. A greenhouse wheat study was conducted to compare TE among six wheat cultivars namely, Triumph 64 and Scout 66 (released during 1960s), TAM W 101 and TAM 105 (released during 1970s), and TAM 111 and TAM 112 (released after 2000). Plants were grown at high and low water levels with four replications and harvested before anthesis at 62 days after planting. Aboveground dry matter showed a significant linear relationship (P

Download or read book Enhancing Resilience of Dryland Agriculture Under Changing Climate written by Anandkumar Naorem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume describes management practices based on interdisciplinary and convergence science approaches from different disciplines of agricultural science to enhance the resilience of dryland agriculture. The main focus of this book is to address the current issues and trends along with future prospects and challenges in adopting salient agricultural management practices in drylands globally under a climate-change scenario. Climate change and global warming have profound repercussions on increasing frequency, severity, and duration of droughts and/or floods, which may have implications for future productivity of dryland agriculture, e.g., more water shortages or abundances and high or low runoff rates, diminished crop yields, and reduced water productivity. In past few years, many technological advancements and management strategies have been evolved to tackle the climate-induced risks of dryland agriculture considering interdisciplinary and convergence approaches that integrate knowledge from multi-disciplines. This book is an attempt to bridge the gap in literature by unraveling controversies and characteristics of dryland ecosystems under the changing climate and dealing with detailed procedures of applying the advanced practices adapted to climate change for management of dryland agriculture. This edited book is of interest to ecologists, economists, environmentalists, geologists, horticulturalists, hydrologists, soil scientists, social scientists, natural resource conservationists and policy makers dealing with dryland agriculture. This book offers a broad understanding of dryland agriculture and assists the reader to identify both the current as well as the probable future state of dryland agriculture in a global context.

Download or read book Innovations in Dryland Agriculture written by Muhammad Farooq and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a ready reference on recent innovations in dryland agriculture and reinforces the understanding for its utilization to develop environmentally sustainable and profitable food production systems. It covers the basic concepts and history, components and elements, breeding and modelling efforts, and potential benefits, experiences, challenges and innovations relevant to agriculture in dryland areas around world.

Download or read book Adaptation of Dryland Plants to a Changing Environment written by Zhiyou Yuan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Amber Waves written by David Granatstein and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides detailed information for dryland farmers in the Northwestern U.S.

Download or read book Production and Improvement of Crops for Drylands written by U. S. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of dryland farming has been highlighted in the earlier edited titled Physiological Aspects of Dryland Farming, which has been in the market for two decades (1975-1995). Since then considerable research has been conducted and the results published. It was thought necessary to incorporate the new data. Some of the contributors have updated their chapters. The editor took on the task of updating the remaining chapters and these have come out very well. The chapter "Heat until concept of crop maturity" has been deleted and a new chapter "Crop improvement for arid environment" has been added. This is an advance which was lacking in the previous work and has thus increased the value of book tremendously. It was considered appropriate to change the title of the work to the present one. The book is international in scope and has thus maintained its character. It is authoritative and well documented and will serve the readers even better than before.

Download or read book Agrotechnology for Dryland Farming written by Arvind M. Dhopte and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It Is Known That Dryland Farming Is Not Remunerative Due To Several Constraints. Location Specific Technologies Have Been Evolved For Yield Stabilization In Dryland Farming And Conservation Of Fragile Ecosystem By Sustainable Use Of Soil And Water Resourc

Download or read book Physiological Aspects of Dryland Farming written by U. S. Gupta and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Crop Structure and Light Microclimate written by C. Varlet-Grancher and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil and Drought written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-01-02 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought, a serious global issue, is being aggravated by climate change. Both pedological and agronomic droughts are a major risk factor with adverse effects on agronomic productivity, food and nutritional security, and human wellbeing. This volume in the Advances in Soil Sciences series: Considers processes, factors, and causes of pedological/agronomic droughts. Discusses effects of global warming on soil drought Describes management options to enhance drought resilience of agricultural soils Presents soil moisture management options to mitigate drought Includes information on soil health and its effects on drought Explains innovative options in measurement of soil moisture content

Download or read book Crop Physiology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Download or read book Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice written by International Rice Research Institute and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1982 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science written by Shouichi Yoshida and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1981 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth and development of the rice plant. Climatic environments and its influence. Mineral nutrition of rice. Nutritional disorders. Photosynthesis and respiration. Rice plant characters in relation to yielding ability. Physiological analysis of rice yield.

Download or read book Understanding Options for Agricultural Production written by G.Y. Tsuji and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first premise of this book is that farmers need access to options for improving their situation. In agricultural terms, these options might be manage ment alternatives or different crops to grow, that can stabilize or increase household income, that reduce soil degradation and dependence on off-farm inputs, or that exploit local market opportunities. Farmers need a facilitating environment, in which affordable credit is available if needed, in which policies are conducive to judicious management of natural resources, and in which costs and prices of production are stable. Another key ingredient of this facilitating environment is information: an understanding of which options are viable, how these operate at the farm level, and what their impact may be on the things that farmers perceive as being important. The second premise is that systems analysis and simulation have an impor tant role to play in fostering this understanding of options, traditional field experimentation being time-consuming and costly. This book summarizes the activities of the International Benchmark Sites Network for Agrotechnology Transfer (IBSNAT) project, an international initiative funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). IBSNAT was an attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of understanding options through systems analysis and simulation for the ultimate benefit of farm households in the tropics and subtropics. The idea for the book was first suggested at one of the last IBSNAT group meetings held at the University of Hawaii in 1993.

Download or read book Crop Physiology written by Victor Sadras and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From climate change to farming systems to genetic modification of organisms, Crop Physiology, Second Edition provides a practical tool for understanding the relationships and challenges of successful cropping. With a focus on genetic improvement and agronomy, this book addresses the challenges of environmentally sound production of bulk and quality food, fodder, fiber, and energy which are of ongoing international concern. The second edition of Crop Physiology continues to provide a unique analysis of these topics while reflecting important changes and advances in the relevant science and implementation systems. Contemporary agriculture confronts the challenge of increasing demand in terms of quantitative and qualitative production targets. These targets have to be achieved against the background of soil and water scarcity, worldwide and regional shifts in the patterns of land use driven by both climate change and the need to develop crop-based sources of energy, and the environmental and social aspects of agricultural sustainability. Provides a view of crop physiology as an active source of methods, theories, ideas, and tools for application in genetic improvement and agronomy Written by leading scientists from around the world Combines environment-specific cropping systems and general principles of crop science to appeal to advanced students, and scientists in agriculture-related disciplines, from molecular sciences to natural resources management

Download or read book Climate Change and Management of Cool Season Grain Legume Crops written by Shyam Singh Yadav and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-03 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspect of legume production management technologies, plant ecological response, nutrients management, biological nitrogen fixation, molecular approaches, potential cultivars, biodiversity management under climate change. Also covered are various aspects of legume management under climate change such as, production management technology, ecology & adaptation, diseases, and international trade; physiology and crops response to nutrients, drought, salinity, and water use efficiency; Biodiversity management, molecular approaches and biological Nitrogen fixation; climate change and strategies. This book presents the most comprehensive and up to date review of research on different cool season grain legume crops, nutrients management, biotic and abiotic stresses management, agronomical approaches for drought management, salinity, drought, weed management and water use efficiency, impact on international trade around the world.