Download or read book Microbial Communities and Intrinsic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbon contaminated Groundwater written by Andrew Glucksman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Diversity in a Hydrocarbon and Chlorinated solvent contaminated Aquifer Undergoing Intrinsic Bioremediation written by Michael A. Dojka and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic approach was used to survey constituents of microbial communities associated with an aquifer contaminated with hydrocarbons (mainly jet fuel) and chlorinated solvents undergoing intrinsic bioremediation. Samples were obtained from three redox zones: methanogenic, methanogenic-sulfate reducing, and iron or sulfate reducing. Small-subunit rRNA genes were amplified directly from aquifer material DNA by PCR with universally conserved or Bacteria- or Archaea-specific primers and were cloned. A total of 812 clones were screened by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), approximately 50% of which were unique. All RFLP types that occurred more than once in the libraries, as well as many of the unique types, were sequenced. A total of 104 (94 bacterial and 10 archaeal) sequence types were determined. Of the 94 bacterial sequence types, 10 have no phylogenetic association with known taxonomic divisions and are phylogenetically grouped in six novel division level groups (candidate divisions WS1 to WS6); 21 belong to four recently described candidate divisions with no cultivated representatives (OP5, OP8, OP10, and OP11); and 63 are phylogenetically associated with 10 well-recognized divisions. The physiology of two particularly abundant sequence types obtained from the methanogenic zone could be inferred from their phylogenetic association with groups of microorganisms with a consistent phenotype. One of these sequence types is associated with the genus Syntrophus; Syntrophus spp. produce energy from the anaerobic oxidation of organic acids, with the production of acetate and hydrogen. The organism represented by the other sequence type is closely related to Methanosaeta spp., which are known to be capable of energy generation only through aceticlastic methanogenesis. We hypothesize, therefore, that the terminal step of hydrocarbon degradation in the methanogenic zone of the aquifer is aceticlastic methanogenesis and that the microorganisms represented by these two sequence types occur in syntrophic association.
Download or read book Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds written by Battelle Memorial In and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-02-28 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely reference presents the state of the art of the emerging and rapidly changing field of bioremediation of chlorinated solvents, PCBs, and other chlorinated compounds, as well as PAHs, both in situ and on site. This landmark publication reports significant advances in bioremediation, with an emphasis on practical applications and state-of-the-art developments. Laboratory and field-oriented reviews are presented with the objective of tying treatability studies and recent laboratory developments to field applications. No other reference source gives you access to the most current techniques and methods for the bioremediation of chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. This book represents the work of leading experts in the fields of in situ and on-site bioremediation from North America, Europe, and Asia. The chapters include current field applications and laboratory studies undertaken, in some cases, in countries with regulatory standards more stringent than those of the United States.
Download or read book Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Robert E. Hinchee and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and groundwater contamination stemming from the release of various chlorinated compounds into the environment is a significant and difficult site remediation challenge. The articles in this collection discuss the use of aerobic and anaerobic biological degradation to dehalogenate sites contaminated with pesticides and chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethene, tetrachloromethene, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, pentachlorophenol, and chlorinated benzene. Bench- and field-scale studies of the biological processes associated with in situ dechlorination of soil and aquifers are described. Discussed are the uses of microcosm studies and numerical simulation of dechlorination to manage system operation. Site characteristics (e.g., hydraulic properties, temperature, nitrogen availability) and their effect on the stability of the methanotrophic community are examined. Methods discussed include the use of air venting, alternative electron donors, biofilm reactors, surfactants, municipal digester sludge, iron enhancement, and sulfate reduction to improve conditions for the microbial consortia that effect dechlorination.
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material written by Robert D. Norris and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed background of the technologies available for the bioremediation of contaminated soil & ground water. Prepared for scientists, consultants, regulatory personnel, & others who are associated in some way with the restoration of soil & ground water at hazardous waste sites. Also provides insights to emerging technologies which are at the research level of formation, ranging from theoretical concepts, through bench scale inquiries, to limited field-scale investigations. 95 tables & figures.
Download or read book Biodegradation of Groundwater Pollutants chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Vegetated Wetlands written by Christina Lynn Powell and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Assessment of Microbial Communities and Biodegradation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds in Wetlands at Cluster 13 Lauderick Creek Area Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland written by Michelle M. Lorah and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taxonomic and Functional Characterization of Microbial Communities Linked to Chlorinated Solvent 1 4 dioxane and Rdx Biodegradation in Groundwater and Soil Microcosms written by Hongyu Dang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation is becoming increasing popular for the remediation of sites contaminated with a range of different contaminants. Molecular methods such as 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shotgun sequencing, and high throughput quantitative PCR offer much potential for examining the microorganisms and functional genes associated with contaminant biodegradation, which can provide critical additional lines of evidence for effective site remediation. In this work, the first project examined the taxonomic and functional biomarkers associated with chlorinated solvent and 1,4-dioxane biodegradation in groundwater from five contaminated sites. Each site had previously been bioaugmented with the commercially available dechlorinating mixed culture, SDC-9. The results highlighted the occurrence of numerous genera previously linked to chlorinated solvent biodegradation. The functional gene analysis indicated two reductive dehalogenase genes (vcrA and tceA) from Dehalococcoides mccartyi were abundant. Additionally, aerobic and anaerobic biomarkers for the biodegradation of various chlorinated compounds were observed across all sites. The approach used (shotgun sequencing) is advantageous over many other methods because an unlimited number of functional genes can be examined and a more complete picture of the functional abilities of microbial communities can be depicted. Another research project evaluated the functional genes and species associated with RDX biodegradation at a RDX contaminated Navy site where biostimulation had been adopted. For this, DNA samples extracted from groundwater samples pre- and post-biostimulation were subject to shotgun sequencing and high throughput qPCR. DNA sequences from thirty-one RDX biodegraders were detected, with the most abundant species being Variovorax sp. JS1663. Further, nine RDX biodegrading species significantly (p
Download or read book Engineered Approaches to in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Degradation of Chlorinated Aliphatic and Aromatic Compounds written by Andreas Schöllhorn and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons Oils and Lipids Biodegradation and Bioremediation written by Robert J. Steffan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book international experts discuss the state-of-the-art in the biological degradation of hydrocarbons to meet remedial or disposal goals. The work focuses on practical applications, often on globally important scales including the remediation of some of the world’s largest crude oil spills. Other related chapters discuss important implications of microbial transformation of hydrocarbons, including treatment of high fat processing wastes, impacts of microbial biodegradation activity on industrial processes, and the implications of microbial oil degradation in relation to modern oil extraction processes like hydraulic fracturing of shales and extraction of oil sands.
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ bioremediationâ€"the use of microorganisms for on-site removal of contaminantsâ€"is potentially cheaper, faster, and safer than conventional cleanup methods. But in situ bioremediation is also clouded in uncertainty, controversy, and mistrust. This volume from the National Research Council provides direction for decisionmakers and offers detailed and readable explanations of: the processes involved in in situ bioremediation, circumstances in which it is best used, and methods of measurement, field testing, and modeling to evaluate the results of bioremediation projects. Bioremediation experts representing academic research, field practice, regulation, and industry provide accessible information and case examples; they explore how in situ bioremediation works, how it has developed since its first commercial use in 1972, and what research and education efforts are recommended for the future. The volume includes a series of perspective papers. The book will be immediately useful to policymakers, regulators, bioremediation practitioners and purchasers, environmental groups, concerned citizens, faculty, and students.
Download or read book Microbial Ecology and Bioremediation of 1 4 Dioxane and Chlorinated Solvents Contaminated Groundwater and Soil written by Yu Miao and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is crucial to consider the impact of abiotic and biological remediation technologies on the microbial ecology to predict the success of short-term active treatments and long-term passive attenuation processes. In this research, three bioremediation strategies were tested individually or coupled with chemical remedies in bench- and pilot-scale studies for removing 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs), which are widespread co-occurring contaminants in soils and water resources across the U.S., attracting attention because of their potential carcinogenicities. In each project, amplification of taxonomic and functional genes by qPCR as well as metagenomics including high-throughput sequencing were applied to provide reliable information about microbial communities in the ecological matrices as they transitioned from 1,4-dioxane and CVOC contaminations to exposures from treatment technologies and degradation products. A comprehensive multiple lines of evidence approach provided evidence of natural attenuation by microorganisms capable of metabolic or co-metabolic degradation of 1,4-dioxane within a large, diffuse plume. A pilot study of bioaugmentation with Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 through direct injection as well as in-situ bioreactor was successfully conducted at a site impacted by 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs. Bench-scale microcosms were established to inform pilot-scale ex-situ bioreactors and in-situ propane biosparging at an industrial site. 1,4-Dioxane co-metabolism by indigenous microbes was accelerated by biostimulation with propane and nutrients. Inoculations with CB1190 or propanotroph, Rhodococcus ruber ENV425, were eventually outcompeted by native microbes, but gene allocations for xenobiotics and lipid metabolism were enhanced and accompanied rapid 1,4-dioxane degradation rates. Three synergistic treatment trains: oxidation & catalysis, oxidation & biodegradation, and catalysis & biodegradation, were applied to achieve nearly complete 1,4-dioxane removals even in the presence of inhibitory CVOCs. While oxidant- or nanocatalyst-tolerant microbes were dominant immediately after chemical processes, the microbial community thrived during the biodegradation in a deterministic process over time, presenting higher biodiversity that indicated a more stable community. The post-treatment community carried various functional potentials, such as degradation of CVOCs and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as nitrogen fixation. These mechanistic and quantitative data will be valuable for developing synergistic treatments that lead to savings in cost, energy, and substrate amendments for the remediation of contaminant mixtures.
Download or read book Microbial Degradation of Chlorinated Aliphatic and Aromatic Compunds written by Andreas Schöllhorn and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioremediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Evaluation of In situ Biodegradation Methodologies for the Restoration of Aquifiers Contaminated with Chlorinated Aliphatic Compounds Results of a Preliminary Demonstration written by Stanford University. Department of Civil Engineering and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation written by Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.
