Download or read book Micro scale Investigation of Salification Process on Additive Manufacturing Polymers by Atomic Force Microscopy written by Jessica T. Schlosser and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Nano scale Self assembled Polymeric Systems by Atomic Force Microscopy written by James K. Li and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoscale Viscoelastic Characterization of Emerging Engineering Materials written by Charles C. Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atomic force microscope (AFM) has developed into a critical instrument that allows for nanometer length scale investigation for a multitude of materials. To date, there are numerous AFM modes that can be used to quantify a variety of properties. By combining multiple AFM modes, such as quasi-static force mapping (FM-AFM), nano-infrared AFM (nanoIR), and contact-resonance AFM (CR-AFM), comprehensive, localized characterization is possible. In this dissertation, the robust capabilities offered by AFM are used to examine three distinctly different materials on the nanoscale: construction materials, semi-crystalline polymers, and energy harvesting materials.Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and a greener construction material, geopolymer, are first investigated to obtain the nanomechanical properties of the reaction products-calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and sodium alumino silicate hydrates (N-A-S-H), respectively. An innovative method to create samples with sub-micron roughness without the need for polishing is described: surface morphology optimization for optical and topographical homogeneity (SMOOTH), The SMOOTH fabrication method allows the reaction products of OPC to be studied in their native condition. Geopolymer samples are examined using a combination of three different AFM modes. This approach, denoted Tri-force microscopy (TFM), allows the distinct polymerization states to be quantified in spite of the misleading evidence offered by the sample topography.The CR-AFM technique is then coupled with a constant heating element, thermal CR-AFM (TCR-AFM), to investigate the crystallinity and glass transition temperature, Tg, of the semi-crystalline polymer polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The local TCR-AFM measurements reveal the change in polymer organization with respect to temperature. Finally, two energy harvesting materials, diisopropylammonium bromide (DIPAB) and poly[(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene] [P(VDF-TrFe)], are examined with respect to specific fabrications approaches. The goal of this study is to quantify confinement effects that may result. In particular, the influence of nano-imprinting lithography is investigated. Experiments show that confinement can have a dramatic effect on the elastic and viscoelastic properties. The results will allow improvements to be made in the fabrication of new devices based on these materials.
Download or read book Molecular Scale Materials Assembly Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy written by Kang Rae Cho and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mesocrystals and Nonclassical Crystallization written by Helmut Cöelfen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-21 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book gives an introduction to self-assembly, classical crystallization, colloidal crystals, and mesocrystals. - This book will be of value to scientists involved with crystallization, materials science, self-assembly, colloid science, nanosciences, biomineralization, and graduate students of material science."--Jacket.
Download or read book Polymorphism written by Rolf Hilfiker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by one of the leading experts in the field, this handbook emphasizes why solid-state issues are important, which approaches should be taken to avoid problems and exploit the opportunities offered by solid state properties in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. With its practical approach, this is at once a guideline for development chemists just entering the field as well as a high-quality source of reference material for specialists in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, structural chemists, physicochemists, crystallographers, inorganic chemists, and patent departments.
Download or read book Applications of Nanotechnology for Green Synthesis written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional methods in synthetic chemistry produce chemical waste and byproducts, yield smaller desired products, and generate toxic chemical substances, but the past two centuries have seen consistent, greener improvements in organic synthesis and transformations. These improvements have contributed to substance handling efficiency by using green-engineered forerunners like sustainable techniques, green processes, eco-friendly catalysis, and have minimized energy consumption, reduced potential waste, improved desired product yields, and avoided toxic organic precursors or solvents in organic synthesis. Green synthesis has the potential to have a major ecological and monetary impact on modern pharmaceutical R&D and organic chemistry fields. This book presents a broad scope of green techniques for medicinal, analytical, environmental, and organic chemistry applications. It presents an accessible overview of new innovations in the field, dissecting the highlights and green chemistry attributes of approaches to green synthesis, and provides cases to exhibit applications to pharmaceutical and organic chemistry. Although daily chemical processes are a major part of the sustainable development of pharmaceuticals and industrial products, the resulting environmental pollution of these processes is of worldwide concern. This edition discusses green chemistry techniques and sustainable processes involved in synthetic organic chemistry, natural products, drug syntheses, as well various useful industrial applications.
Download or read book European Coatings Handbook written by Thomas Brock and published by Vincentz Network GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2000 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Salts and Co crystals written by Johan Wouters and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011-11-04 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From crystal structure prediction to totally empirical screening, the quest for new crystal forms has become one of the most challenging issues in the solid state science and particularly in the pharmaceutical world. In this context, multi-component crystalline materials like co-crystals have received renewed interest as they offer the prospect of optimized physical properties. As illustrated in this first book_ entirely dedicated to this emerging class of pharmaceutical compounds_ the outcome of such endeavours into crystal engineering have demonstrated clear impacts on production, marketing and intellectual property protection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Indeed, co-crystallization influences relevant physico-chemical parameters (such as solubility, dissolution rate, chemical stability, melting point, hygroscopicity, à) and often offers solids with properties superior to those of the free drug. Combining both reports of the latest research and comprehensive overviews of basic principles, with contributions from selected experts in both academia and industry, this unique book is an essential reference, ideal for pharmaceutical development scientists and graduate students in pharmaceutical science.
Download or read book Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-06 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites takes a comprehensive look at polymer nanocomposites for flame retardancy applications and includes nanocomposite fundamentals (theory, design, synthesis, characterization) as well as polymer flammability fundamentals with emphasis on how nanocomposites affect flammability. The book has practical examples from literature, patents, and existing commercial products. Readers can design new work based upon the material in the book or use it as a handy reference for interpreting existing work and results.
Download or read book A German English Dictionary for Chemists written by Austin M 1876-1956 Patterson and published by Scholar Select. This book was released on 2015-08-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Chemical Modification Properties and Usage of Lignin written by Thomas Q. Hu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most significant challenges facing mankind in the twenty-first century is the development of a sustainable global economy. Within the scientific community, this calls for the development of processes and technologies that will allow the sustainable production of materials from renewable natural resources. Plant material, in particular lignin, is one such resource. During the annual production of about 100 million metric tons of chemical wood pulps worldwide, approximately 45 and 2 million metric tons/year of kraft lignin and lignosulfonates, respectively, are also generated. Although lignosulfonates have found many applications outside the pulp and paper industry, the majority of kraft lignin is being used internally as a low-grade fuel for the kraft pulping operation. A surplus of kraft lignin will become available as kraft mills increase their pulp production without expanding the capacity of their recovery boilers that utilize lignin as a fuel. There is a tremendous opportunity and an enormous economic incentive to find better uses of kraft lignin, lignosulfonates and other industriallignins. The pulp and paper industry not only produces an enormous amount of lignins as by products of chemical wood pulps, but it also utilizes about 10 million metric tons of lignin per year as a component of mechanical wood pulps and papers. Mechanical wood pulps, produced in a yield of 90-98% with the retention of lignin, are mainly used to make low-quality, non-permanent papers such as newsprint and telephone directories because of the light-induced photooxidation of lignin and the yellowing of the papers.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy written by Slobodan Sasic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raman spectroscopy has advanced in recent years with increasing use both in industry and academia. This is due largely to steady improvements in instrumentation, decreasing cost, and the availability of chemometrics to assist in the analysis of data. Pharmaceutical applications of Raman spectroscopy have developed similarly and this book will focus on those applications. Carefully organized with an emphasis on industry issues, Pharmaceutical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, provides the basic theory of Raman effect and instrumentation, and then addresses a wide range of pharmaceutical applications. Current applications that are routinely used as well as those with promising potential are covered. Applications cover a broad range from discovery to manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry and include identifying polymorphs, monitoring real-time processes, imaging solid dosage formulations, imaging active pharmaceutical ingredients in cells, and diagnostics.
Download or read book Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Change written by Kenji Omasa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-26 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews current topics on plant metabolism of air pollutants and elevated CO2, responses of whole plants and plant ecosystems, genetics and molecular biology for functioning improvement, experimental ecosystems and climate change research, global carbon-cycle monitoring in plant ecosystems, and other important issues. The authors, conducting research in Europe, the United States, Australia, and East Asia, present a wealth of information on their work in the field.
Download or read book Advances in Manufacturing and Characterization of Functional Polyesters written by Rafael Balart and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, we have assisted the remarkable growth in the use of functional polyesters. This book gathers novel research works dealing with the manufacturing and characterization of polyesters that have been functionalized by synthesis, copolymerization, additives (at micro- and nanoscale), surface modification, among other methodologies, to tailor desired properties in terms of mechanical, chemical, thermal, and barrier properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility. Thus, Advances in Manufacturing and Characterization of Functional Polyesters will serve to guide a diverse audience of polymer scientists and engineers and provides an update of the “state-of-the-art” knowledge on functional polyesters.
Download or read book Hot Melt Extrusion written by Dennis Douroumis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot-melt extrusion (HME) - melting a substance and forcing it through an orifice under controlled conditions to form a new material - is an emerging processing technology in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of various dosage forms and drug delivery systems, for example granules and sustained release tablets. Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications covers the main instrumentation, operation principles and theoretical background of HME. It then focuses on HME drug delivery systems, dosage forms and clinical studies (including pharmacokinetics and bioavailability) of HME products. Finally, the book includes some recent and novel HME applications, scale -up considerations and regulatory issues. Topics covered include: principles and die design of single screw extrusion twin screw extrusion techniques and practices in the laboratory and on production scale HME developments for the pharmaceutical industry solubility parameters for prediction of drug/polymer miscibility in HME formulations the influence of plasticizers in HME applications of polymethacrylate polymers in HME HME of ethylcellulose, hypromellose, and polyethylene oxide bioadhesion properties of polymeric films produced by HME taste masking using HME clinical studies, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of HME products injection moulding and HME processing for pharmaceutical materials laminar dispersive & distributive mixing with dissolution and applications to HME technological considerations related to scale-up of HME processes devices and implant systems by HME an FDA perspective on HME product and process understanding improved process understanding and control of an HME process with near-infrared spectroscopy Hot-Melt Extrusion: Pharmaceutical Applications is an essential multidisciplinary guide to the emerging pharmaceutical uses of this processing technology for researchers in academia and industry working in drug formulation and delivery, pharmaceutical engineering and processing, and polymers and materials science. This is the first book from our brand new series Advances in Pharmaceutical Technology. Find out more about the series here.
Download or read book Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts Properties Selection and Use written by P. Heinrich Stahl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-08-04 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive up-to-date guide and information source is an instructive companion for all scientists involved in research and development of drugs and, in particular, of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The editors have taken care to address every conceivable aspect of the preparation of pharmaceutical salts and present the necessary theoretical foundations as well as a wealth of detailed practical experience in the choice of pharmaceutically active salts. Altogether, the contributions reflect the multidisciplinary nature of the science involved in selection of suitable salt forms for new drug products.
