Download or read book Micro aeration for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Biogas written by Thanapong Duangmanee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Biogas Using Cow manure Compost written by Steven McKinsey Zicari and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Biogas Desulfurization written by Martín Ramírez and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global concern about climate change caused by the exploitation of fossil fuels is encouraging the use of renewable energies. For instance, the European Union aims to be climate neutral by 2050. Biogas is an interesting renewable energy source due to its high calorific value. Today, biogas is mainly used for the production of electricity and heat by a combined heat and power engine. However, before its valorization, biogas needs to be desulfurized (H2S removal) to avoid corrosion and sulfur oxides emissions during its combustion. Biogas can be upgraded (CO2 removal) and used as vehicle fuel or injected into the natural gas grid. In the last 15 years, significant advances have occurred in the development of biological desulfurization processes. In this book with five chapters, the reader can find some of the latest advances in the biogas desulfurization and an overview of the state-of-the-art research. Three of them are research studies and two are reviews concerning the current state of biogas desulfurization technologies, economic analysis of alternatives, and the microbial ecology in biofiltration units. Biogas desulfurization is considered to be essential by many stakeholders (biogas producers, suppliers of biogas upgrading devices, gas traders, researchers, etc.) all around the world.

Download or read book From Biofiltration to Promising Options in Gaseous Fluxes Biotreatment written by Gabriela Soreanu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Biofiltration to Promising Options in Gaseous Fluxes Biotreatment: Recent Developments, New Trends, Advances, and Opportunities provides an overview on the biological tools used for the treatment of the gaseous fluxes, with emphasis on traditional and perspective options, opening new horizons for research and implementation in practice. It is known that air pollution is an emergent global issue and a priority within the international environmental programs. Moreover, technologies based on biological methods are significantly contributing to the sustainable development concept. Thus this book provides tools for solving air pollution issues in a sustainable manner. These issues can be solved at different levels (e.g., "end-of-pipe" gaseous streams, indoor/outdoor air, closed environments), which can be approached by the different biotechniques presented in the book, from classical biofiltration techniques (part 1) to phytotreatment and microalgae-based techniques (part 2). Although all options have their particularities that make them special for certain applications, a special attention is drawn to the potential of the last one, which offers multiple possibilities for biomass valorization. Scientists from worldwide with relevant experience in their field have been contributed to the development of this book. - Presents the main biotechnological aspects applied for gas purification, focusing on process understanding, limitations, and capability in different applications - Promotes a sustainable future of the biofiltration process by enhancing their performance together with the simultaneously economic and environmental impacts - Implements new aspects of scientific research and development in the field

Download or read book Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution written by Piet Lens and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition is fully updated with new material to create a comprehensive and accessible reference book: New chapters on sulfur removal via bioelectrochemical systems, use of sulfate radicals in advanced oxidation processes and sulfur nanoparticle biosynthesis. New sections on: sulfur cycle chemistry and microbiology; sulfate removal vs. recovery of resources from sulfate-rich wastewaters; microaeration for biogas desulfurisation; biological treatment of gypsum and sulfur-rich solid waste; up-to-date process control for treatment of sulfur-rich waste streams. New case studies with emphasis on practices for sewer and steel corrosion control, odour mitigation, autotrophic denitrification and bioremediation of acid mine polluted sites in both developed and developing countries have been included. Novel concepts of environmental technologies to treat sulfur pollution of wastewater, off-gases, solid waste, soils and sediments are presented. Up-to-date research findings and innovative technologies for recovering resources, i.e. metals, fertiliser, biofuels and irrigation water, from sulfur polluted waste are provided. This book may serve both as an advanced textbook for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in environmental sciences, technology or engineering as well as a handbook for tertiary educators, researchers, professionals and policymakers who conduct research and practices in the sulfur related fields. It is essential reading for consulting companies when dealing with sulfur related environmental (bio)technologies.

Download or read book Selective Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Biogas on Nitrogen Modified Adsorbents written by Wenying Quan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogas is a renewable energy source derived from the fermentation of organic materials which contains high concentrations of methane (CH4, 40-60 vol%) and carbon dioxide (CO2, 10-40 vol%). However, the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas limits its environmentally-friendly applications, thereby making the H2S removal a priority task for enhancing biogas utilization. The existence of a large amount of CO2 in biogas can strongly impede the H2S removal using conventional methods. The selective H2S removal in the presence CO2 is still challenging in the field of biogas processing. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to achieve selective H2S removal from biogas on nitrogen-modified adsorbents, by specifically (i) studying the effect of surface modifications with different N-containing groups on H2S removal from CO2-containing gas mixtures, and (ii) clarifying the effect of key factors that affect the sorption performance, including CO2 concentrations, type of amine groups, pore structure, and surface functional groups.First, by loading tertiary amines on SBA-15, tetramethyl hexanediamine (TMHDA), the sorption selectivity of H2S was enhanced dramatically in the presence of CO2. On carbon-based solid sorbents including TMHDA-loaded activated carbons (TMHDA/ACs) and nitrogen-doped carbons (NCs), it is interesting that the H2S sorption performance was significantly enhanced in the presence of CO2. Characterization was conducted to shed light on the surface chemical properties-textural property-sorption performance relationship. On the silica-based sorbents, the H2S sorption capacity was closely related to the silanol groups on the surface of SBA-15, where the silanol groups were responsible for anchoring the TMHDA molecules which determined the number of active sites for H2S sorption. On the carbon-based sorbents, not only the surface chemistry but also the textural properties affect the H2S sorption performance. The surface pH value, double-bonded oxygen functional groups, and surface density of nitrogen all contributed to the observed enhancement of sorption capacity, likely through acid-basic interaction, while micropores in carbon materials offered higher adsorption potential towards H2S. It is noteworthy that this work, to our best knowledge, first discovered that the presence of CO2 can dramatically promote the H2S sorption on certain carbon-based sorbents, which is accompanied by the formation of solid sulfur deposit along with the release of CH4, both of which are valuable chemical products. The CO2-promoting effect likely originated from its interaction with H2S on the sorption sites on the carbon surface and the delocalized electrons on the carbon planes. Additionally, other factors, such as inlet CO2/H2S concentrations and sorption temperatures, were also investigated. The H2S sorption capacity remained stable on TMHDA-loaded SBA-15 and NC_800 with increasing the inlet CO2 concentration up to 40 vol%, however, the sorption capacity exhibited a volcano-shape trend within the same range of CO2 concentrations on AC-based adsorbents. The sorption capacity decreased monotonically with the increasing temperature from 25 to 75 on TMHDA-loaded adsorbents. The estimated H2S sorption heat on TMHDA/SBA-15 was 15.4 kJ/mol by fitting with Langmuir isotherm, while the heat on NC_800 was less than 20 kJ/mol by fitting with both Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) isotherms. Such relatively low sorption heat indicates that the H2S interaction with surface sites is relatively weak and thus higher density of adsorption sites would be desirable.

Download or read book Advances in Hydrogen Sulfide Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Hydrogen Sulfide Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about ZZZAdditional Research in a concise format. The editors have built Advances in Hydrogen Sulfide Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about ZZZAdditional Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Hydrogen Sulfide Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Biogas for Rural Areas written by Ivet Ferrer and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass-any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy. Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Yard Waste and Biogas Purification by Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide written by Phil Boone Cherosky and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, in particular yard waste, are highly desired for anaerobic digestion as they are widely available and tipping fees are commonly associated with disposal. The high concentration of lignin presents a major challenge for utilizing yard wastes as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Therefore, additional steps are necessary to increase the biodegradability of yard waste. The initial focus of this study was to test two potential methods for increasing the methane production of yard waste: pretreatment and co-digestion. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment was studied at NaOH concentrations of 3% and 5%. It was found that 3% NaOH pretreatment had no significant improvement on methane production while 5% NaOH pretreatment had a significant negative effect on methane production. The second method studied was co-digestion of yard waste and food waste. Co-digestion at a ratio of 75% food waste and 25% yard waste showed a four-fold increase in methane yield compared to digestion of 50% food waste and 50% yard waste and a two-fold increase in methane production compared to digestion of 100% food waste. Anaerobic digestion of food waste containing protein and other sulfur containing substances produces hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas causes corrosion of metal components such as regulators, gas meters, valves, and mountings. Combustion of biogas containing H2S produces poisonous sulfur dioxide (SO2). The SO2 also dissolves in engine oil causing the oil to become acidic and lose its ability to lubricate. One method for H2S removal involves using hydrated iron oxides supported on a media comprised of wood chips or wood shavings. The iron oxide reacts with the H2S in the gas to form iron sulfide and water. This method is called an iron sponge. The second focus of this study was to test hydrogen sulfide removal using the iron sponge method. The first goal was to determine the optimum operating parameters of an iron sponge system. Using ground yard waste, ideal operating parameters for the iron sponge were determined to be 0.1875" particle size and 15%-25% moisture content. Moisture was found to be a critical factor in the operation of the H2S scrubber system. Optimum moisture content varies with particle size and the materials' ability to absorb water. The iron sponge needs water to properly facilitate H2S conversion to Fe2S3, but high moisture can be problematic. The second and primary goal of this research was to develop and test iron sponge materials using alternative media to the commercial material, SulfaMasterTM, and to identify those with equal or superior performance. An iron sponge using digested yard waste from an anaerobic digester as a media material at 25% moisture was determined to be an ideal alternative to the SulfaMasteTM material removing 90% of the hydrogen sulfide in biogas at initial levels near 1000ppm H2S. The digested yard waste had similar performance to SulfaMasterTM and is an inexpensive substitute. Ground yard waste at 0.1875" particle size performed similarly but results were more erratic. Spent tobacco was not an effective medium for the iron sponge.

Download or read book Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading written by Nabin Aryal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading systematically summarizes the fundamental principles and the state-of-the-art of biogas cleaning and upgrading technologies, with special emphasis on biological processes for carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), siloxane, and hydrocarbon removal. After analyzing the global scenario of biogas production, upgrading and utilization, this book discusses the integration of methanation processes to power-to-gas systems for methane (CH4) production and physiochemical upgrading technologies, such as chemical absorption, water scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption and the use of membranes. It then explores more recent and sustainable upgrading technologies, such as photosynthetic processes using algae, hydrogen-mediated microbial techniques, electrochemical, bioelectrochemical, and cryogenic approaches. H2S removal with biofilters is also covered, as well as removal of siloxanes through polymerization, peroxidation, biological degradation and gas-liquid absorption. The authors also thoroughly consider issues of mass transfer limitation in biomethanation from waste gas, biogas upgrading and life cycle assessment of upgrading technologies, techno-economic aspects, challenges for upscaling, and future trends.Providing specific information on biogas upgrading technology, and focusing on the most recent developments, Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading is a unique resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the field of biogas production and utilization, including waste-to-energy and power-to-gas. It is also useful for entrepreneurs, consultants, and decision-makers in governmental agencies in the fields of sustainable energy, environmental protection, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and strategic planning. - Explores all major technologies for biogas upgrading through physiochemical, biological, and electrochemical processes - Discusses CO2, H2S, and siloxane removal techniques - Provides a systematical approach to discuss technologies, including challenges to gas–liquid mass transfer, life cycle assessment, technoeconomic implications, upscaling and systems integration

Download or read book A New Method to Evaluate Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Biogas written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen sulfide in biogas fuel increases the speed at which the system utilizing the biogas corrodes. This corrosion may be prevented by separating and removing hydrogen sulfide from the biogas. There are multiple technologies available to remove hydrogen sulfide (such as the gas-gas membrane tested in this thesis); however, evaluating the effectiveness of hydrogen sulfide removal in an inexpensive manner is difficult to do. A device was constructed capable of a virtually simultaneous high precision volumetric flow and concentration measurements on moving biogas. The volumetric flow was measured by sampling the pressure from the center of two different points along a rigid tube and correlating pressure sensor voltage to the maximum velocity measured with a velocity probe. The hydrogen sulfide and methane concentrations were measured using chemical gas sensors. A mass balance was completed around a reverse selective membrane system with the calculated difference between flows based on known input and measured output concentrations coming within 15% of each other. Though the volumetric flow measurements were in doubt, this device was able to determine that using a 20 cm2 polyamide membrane under low pressures suitable for a digester (2 PSI) will increase methane concentration in biogas from 60% to 62% but is not effective at removing 1000 ppm of hydrogen sulfide. This device was primarily designed for determining the feasibility of adapting a membrane system to a farm scale biogas generation process.

Download or read book Environmental Anaerobic Technology written by Herbert H. P. Fang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic technology has become widely accepted by the environmental industry as a cost-effective alternative to the conventional aerobic process. This makes anaerobic process the favored green treatment technology for sustainable environment in years to come. Written by world-renowned authors, this compendium summarizes the successful full-scale application experiences of anaerobic technology worldwide, including not just food, beverage, and distillery wastewaters but also municipal, agricultural, chemical and petrochemical wastewaters. The book also introduces new developments of anaerobic technology, including pretreatment and granulation technologies, membrane bioreactor, two-stage treatment, bio-hydrogen production, molecular techniques, and modeling .

Download or read book Viability for Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Using Low Concentration Solutions of Hydrogen Peroxide in Applications for Biogas Purification written by Stewart Walter McCollam and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is an examination of the viability of a low pH hydrogen peroxide scrubbing process for removing H 2 S acid gas present in typical biogas streams generated from dairy farm anaerobic digesters. Biogas ranges in composition based on the feedstock manure used in the anaerobic digestion process but typically consists of methane (50-60%), carbon dioxide (40-50%), and trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Hydrogen sulfide is of prime concern because it is an odorous, poisonous, and highly corrosive gas which can impede use in power generation applications for biogas such as boilers, internal combustion engines, microturbines, fuel cells, and stirling engines. Thus, removal of hydrogen sulfide is highly recommended. Desirable attributes for a gas purification system include low capital cost, low operational costs, minimal preventative maintenance, minimum energy inputs, and ease of use. H 2 O 2 is a highly selective oxidant that does not produce toxic and corrosive by-products and has been shown to be a convenient way of eliminating oxidizable pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide gas from air or other gas streams. Based on these criteria, an experimental approach was used to investigate the feasibility of using an acidic H 2 O 2 scrubber for the removal of H 2 S from synthetic biogas. Two test reactors were constructed, each setup with multiple configurations of packing volume, H 2 O 2 concentration, and liquid volume. Synthetic biogas was introduced into the reactors and data was collected including liquid pH, liquid oxidation reduction potential, and H 2 S concentration of exit gas during experiments. In total there were over twenty separate experiments conducted between the bench scale experiments, 1st scrubber trials, and 2nd scrubber trials. The results of these experiments demonstrate that a low pH H 2O 2 scrubbing system shows commercial viability for the removal of H 2 S from biogas. Functional oxidation of H 2 S was achieved with removal efficiencies of 99% in certain reactor configurations. Bench scale experiments indicate that highest oxidation reduction potential of hydrogen peroxide solutions occurs in the acidic pH range between pH 3-5. Key operating parameters observed for functional oxidation of H 2 S gas were the bubble diameter of inlet biogas and gas residence time. Increased residence times and smaller mean inlet bubble diameters led to maximum removal efficiencies. The research was conducted in the University of Louisville Food Processing Laboratory and used as proof-of-concept for claims made in United States Patent Application 20090130008. These initial results indicate that future work is warranted for examining suitability of using a commercial scale acidic hydrogen peroxide scrubbing vessel as an H 2 S removal technology in biogas purification.

Download or read book Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.

Download or read book Chemistry of Water Treatment Second Edition written by Samuel D. Faust and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition demonstrates how chemistry influences the design of water treatment plants and how it should influence the design. Historically, water treatment plants have been designed from hydraulic considerations with little regard to chemical aspects. The many chemical reactions used for removal of pollutants from water simply cannot be forced to occur within current designs. This book re-examines this traditional approach in light of today's water quality and treatment. Will current water treatment processes be sufficient to meet future demands or will new processes have to be devised? Chemistry of Water Treatment assesses the chemical and physical efficacies of current processes to meet the demands of the Safe Drinking water Act, providing expert information to persons responsible for the production of potable water into the next century.

Download or read book Bioreactors for Waste Gas Treatment written by C. Kennes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-10-31 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution, a major concern at the end of the 20th century, still remains a significant problem to be solved today. Traditionally, industrial waste gases have primarily been treated through physical or chemical methods. The search for new, efficient, and cost-effective alternative technologies has led to the development and, more recently, the improvement of gas phase bioreactors. This book is the first single text to provide a complete, comprehensive picture of all major biological reactors suitable for solving air pollution problems. The text describes the main features and covers the major aspects, from microbiological to engineering, as well as economic aspects, of the different types of bioreactors. The book also presents an in-depth review of the subject, from fundamental bench-scale research to industrial field applications related to the operation of full-scale systems successfully treating polluted air in Europe and the United States. Material dedicated to more conventional non-biological technologies has also been included, to provide a complete overview of the different alternative treatment processes. Audience: The different chapters have been written by international experts, as a result of a fruitful collaboration between European and American scientists and engineers. The resulting text is a high quality, valuable reference tool for a variety of readers, including graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, professors, engineers, and those professionals who are interested in environmental engineering and, more specifically, in innovative air pollution control technologies.

Download or read book Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents written by Vinay Kumar Tyagi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for organic waste treatment mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of residual solids coupled with the prospect of energy recovery from the biogas generated. However, the anaerobic process cannot be seen as providing the ‘complete’ solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental legislations and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. This book discusses anaerobic treatment from the perspective of organic wastes and wastewaters (municipal and industrial) followed by various post-treatment options for anaerobic effluent polishing and resource recovery. Coverage will also be from the perspective of future trends and thoughts on anaerobic technologies being able to support meeting the increasingly stringent disposal standards. The resource recovery angle is particularly interesting as this can arguably help achieve the circular economy. It is intended the information can be used to identify appropriate solutions for anaerobic effluent treatment and possible alternative approaches to the commonly applied post-treatment techniques. The succeeding discussion is intended to lead on to identification of opportunities for further research and development. This book can be used as a standard reference book and textbook in universities for Master and Doctoral students. The academic community relevant to the subject, namely faculty, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers, will find the book both informative and as a useful source of successful case studies.