Download or read book Mgb2 Superconducting Wires Basics And Applications written by Rene Flukiger and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-08-10 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compendium gives a complete overview of the properties of MgB2 (Magnesium Diboride), a superconducting compound with a transition temperature of Tc = 39K, from the fundamental properties to the fabrication of multifilamentary wires and to the presentation of various applications. Written by eminent researchers in the field, this indispensable volume not only discusses superconducting properties of MgB2 compounds, but also describes known preparation methods of thin films and of bulk samples obtained under high pressure methods.A unique selling point of the book is the detailed coverage of various applications based on MgB2, starting with MRI magnets and high current cables, cooled by Helium (He) vapor. High current cables cooled by liquid hydrogen are also highlighted as an interesting alternative due to the shrinking He reserves on earth. Other pertinent subjects comprise permanent magnets, ultrafine wires for space applications and wind generator projects.
Download or read book Research Fabrication And Applications Of Bi 2223 Hts Wires written by Kenichi Sato and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to cover all aspects of Bi-2223 superconducting wires from fundamental research, fabrication process to applications. This book contains many chapters written by distinguished experts in the world.
Download or read book Study of Cu sheathed MgB2 Superconducting Wires written by Prashant Gijavanekar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Superconductivity written by R.G. Sharma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basics of superconductivity and applications of superconducting magnets. It explains the phenomenon of superconductivity, describes theories of superconductivity, and discusses type II and high-temperature cuprate superconductors. The main focus of the book is the application of superconducting magnets in accelerators, fusion reactors and other advanced applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS), and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). This new and significantly extended second edition covers the state of the art in the development of novel superconductors for advanced magnet applications, as well as the production of practical superconducting wires, tapes, and ultra high current cables used for high-field magnets. It includes two new chapters each devoted to MgB2 and Fe-based superconductors, and discusses the recently developed and world record-setting 45.5-Tesla magnetic field generated by a combination of conventional and high-temperature cuprate superconducting magnets. In addition, it discusses the status and outlook of all current and future nuclear fusion reactors worldwide. The chapter on accelerators includes the ongoing efforts to build high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the high-energy 28 TeV LHC (HE-LHC), the future circular collider (FCC) at CERN, and the just launched electro-ion collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The book is based on the long-standing experience of the author in studying superconducting materials, building magnets and delivering numerous lectures to research scholars and students. The book provides comprehensive and fundamental knowledge in the field of applied superconductivity, greatly benefiting researchers and graduate students wishing to learn more about the various aspects of superconductivity and advanced magnet applications.
Download or read book Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Innovation For The Electric Grids written by Pascal Tixador and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book mainly deals with SuperConducting Fault Current Limiter (SCFCL), mainly the resistive SCFCLs. It aims to further disseminate the technical knowledge of SCFCL in particular to electrical engineers. The SCFCL is a new component and tool to better design and to be used in existing and future electric grids, altering the conventional way of thinking and planning.
Download or read book Comprehensive Energy Systems written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 5543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Energy Systems, Seven Volume Set provides a unified source of information covering the entire spectrum of energy, one of the most significant issues humanity has to face. This comprehensive book describes traditional and novel energy systems, from single generation to multi-generation, also covering theory and applications. In addition, it also presents high-level coverage on energy policies, strategies, environmental impacts and sustainable development. No other published work covers such breadth of topics in similar depth. High-level sections include Energy Fundamentals, Energy Materials, Energy Production, Energy Conversion, and Energy Management. Offers the most comprehensive resource available on the topic of energy systems Presents an authoritative resource authored and edited by leading experts in the field Consolidates information currently scattered in publications from different research fields (engineering as well as physics, chemistry, environmental sciences and economics), thus ensuring a common standard and language
Download or read book Fabrication of Chemically Doped High Upper Critical Field Magnesium Diboride Superconducting Wires written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlled chemical doping of magnesium diboride (MgB2) has been shown to substantially improve its superconducting properties to the levels required for high field magnets, but the doping is difficult to accomplish through the usual route of solid state reaction and diffusion. Further, superconducting cables of MgB2 are difficult to fabricate because of the friable nature of the material. In this Phase I STTR project, doped and undoped boron fibers were made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Several>100m long batches of doped and undoped fiber were made by CVD codeposition of boron plus dopants. Bundles of these fibers infiltrated with liquid magnesium and subsequently converted to MgB2 to form Mg-MgB2 metal matrix composites. In a parallel path, doped boron nano-sized powder was produced by a plasma synthesis technique, reacted with magnesium to produce doped MgB2 superconducting ceramic bodies. The doped powder was also fabricated into superconducting wires several meters long. The doped boron fibers and powders made in this program were fabricated into fiber-metal composites and powder-metal composites by a liquid metal infiltration technique. The kinetics of the reaction between boron fiber and magnesium metal was investigated in fiber-metal composites. It was found that the presence of dopants had significantly slowed the reaction between magnesium and boron. The superconducting properties were measured for MgB2 fibers and MgB2 powders made by liquid metal infiltration. Properties of MgB2 products (Jc, Hc2) from Phase I are among the highest reported to date for MgB2 bulk superconductors. Chemically doped MgB2 superconducting magnets can perform at least as well as NbTi and NbSn3 in high magnetic fields and still offer an improvement over the latter two in terms of operating temperature. These characteristics make doped MgB2 an effective material for high magnetic field applications, such as magnetic confined fusion, and medical MRI devices. Developing fusion as an energy source will dramatically reduce energy costs, global warming, and radioactive waste. Cheaper and more efficient medical MRI devices could lower examination costs, find potential health problems earlier, and thus also benefit society as a whole. Other potential commercial applications for this material are devices for the generation and storage of electrical power, thus lowering the cost of delivered electricity.
Download or read book Nanomaterials written by Yarub Al-Douri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes the synthesis, analysis and characterization of nanomaterials that are an important ingredient in nanotechnologies. Nanomaterials contain nanoparticles, smaller than 100 nanometers in at least one dimension. Nanomaterials are coming into use in health care, electronics, cosmetics and other areas. Their physical and chemical properties differ from those of bulk materials. This needs to cover health risks to workers and potential risks to environment. This is currently done on a case-by-case basis, but risk assessment methods need to be kept up to date as the use of nanomaterials expands, especially as they find their way into consumer products. This book covers the basics to advanced applications of nanomaterials and provides a useful resource for researchers and professionals in the field.
Download or read book MgB2 Superconducting Wires written by Rene Flukiger and published by World Scientific Series in Applications of Superconductivity and Related Phenomena. This book was released on 2016 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The compendium gives a complete overview of the properties of MgB2 (Magnesium Diboride), a superconducting compound with a transition temperature of Tc = 39K, from the fundamental properties to the fabrication of multifilamentary wires and to the presentation of various applications. Written by eminent researchers in the field, this indispensable volume not only discusses superconducting properties of MgB2 compounds, but also describes known preparation methods of thin films and of bulk samples obtained under high pressure methods. A unique selling point of the book is the detailed coverage of various applications based on MgB2, starting with MRI magnets and high current cables, cooled by Helium (He) vapor. High current cables cooled by liquid hydrogen are also highlighted as an interesting alternative due to the shrinking He reserves on earth. Other pertinent subjects comprise permanent magnets, ultrafine wires for space applications and wind generator projects.
Download or read book Connectivity Doping and Anisotropy in Highly Dense Magnesium Diboride MgB2 written by Guangze Li and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnesium diboride (MgB2) is a superconducting material which can be potentially used in many applications such as magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI), wind turbine generators and high energy physics facilities. The major advantages of MgB2 over other superconductors include its relatively high critical temperature of about 39 K, its low cost of raw materials, its simple crystal structure, and its round multifilament form when in the form of superconducting wires. Over the past fourteen years, much effort has been made to develop MgB2 wires with excellent superconducting properties, particularly the critical current density Jc. However, this research has been limited by technical difficulties such as high porosity and weak connectivity in MgB2, relatively small flux pinning strength, low upper critical field Bc2 and relatively high anisotropy. The goal of this dissertation is to understand the relationship between superconducting properties, microstructure, and reaction mechanisms in MgB2. In particular, the influences of connectivity, Bc2, anisotropy and flux pinning were investigated in terms of the effects of these variables on the Jcs and n-values of MgB2 superconducting wires (n-value is a parameter which indicates the sharpness of resistive V-I transition). The n-values of traditional "Powder in Tube (PIT)" processed MgB2 wires were improved by optimizing precursor species after the identification of microstructural defects such as so-called "sausaging problems". Also, it was found that "high porosity and weak connectivity" was one of the most critical issues which limited the Jc performance in typical MgB2. To overcome this problem, highly dense, well-connected MgB2 conductors were successfully fabricated by adopting an innovative "Advanced Internal Magnesium Infiltration (AIMI)" process. A careful study on the reaction kinetics together with the microstructural evidence demonstrated how the MgB2 layer was formed as the infiltration process proceeded. As a result, it is possible to control the MgB2 layer growth in the AIMI-processed MgB2 wires. The best AIMI wires, with improved density and connectivity, accomplished an outstanding layer Jc, which was 1.0 × 105 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 10 T, nearly 10 times higher than the Jcs of PIT wires. The engineering Je of AIMI wires, namely the critical current over the whole cross-sectional area in the wire, achieved 1.7 × 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, 10 T, 200 % higher than those of PIT wires. Finally, two promising dopants, Dy2O3 and O, were engineered to incorporate with MgB2. Dy2O3 nanopowders, co-doped with C in AIMI wires, enhanced the Jc performance at elevated temperatures such as 20 K. Oxygen, on the other hand, doped into MgB2 thin films through a newly-developed O2 annealing process, improved Bc2 to 14 T at 21 K. Both of the doping studies were helpful to understand the superconducting nature of MgB2.
Download or read book Tuning the Superconducting Properties of Magnesium Diboride written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is presented in the following order: A review of the relevant physics and discussion of theoretical predictions for a two gap superconducting compound is given in chapter 2. Chapter 3 provides a review of the basic properties of MgB2. Details of sample synthesis and characterization are given in chapter 4. Chapter 5 presents normal state and superconducting properties of Mg(B1-xCx)2 wires. Attempts to increase critical current densities in filaments via titanium additions are discussed in chapter 6. In chapters 7 and 8 alternative methods for synthesizing doped MgB2 powders are explored. In chapter 7 we synthesize Mg(B1-xCx)2 up to x=0.069 using a mixture of Mg, B, and the binary compound B4C. Chapter 8 explores an alternative method, plasma spray synthesis, to produce nanometer sized doped boron powders for powder-in-tube applications. The effects of neutron irradiation on pure MgB2 wires is discussed in chapter 9. This is followed by a study of the effects of neutron irradiation on Mg(B.962C.038)2 wires, presented in chapter 10. I will summarize the results of all of these studies in chapter 11 and discuss future directions for research in understanding the physics behind this novel material as well as its development for practical applications. In this thesis I have presented the results of investigations into the changes in the superconducting properties of MgB2 as a function of carbon doping and neutron irradiation. The goal has been to understand the physics underlying this unique two-gap superconductor as different types of perturbations are made to the system. Such knowledge not only contributes to our understanding of two-gap superconductivity, but could potentially lead to the development of superconducting MgB2 wires for the use in power applications near 20 K.
Download or read book Development of high temperature superconductor cables for high direct current applications written by Preuß, Alan and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A design process for HTS DC cables was developed for high current applications. Based on the design process, a 35 kA HTS DC cable demonstrator was developed. The superconducting elements of the demonstrator were manufactured and tested individually at 77 K. Afterwards, the demonstrator cable was assembled and tested at 77 K. The assembled demonstrator successfully reached 35 kA at 77 K and self field conditions.
Download or read book Enhancement of Connectivity and Flux Pinning in MgB2 Superconducting Bulks and Wires written by Lin Lü and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering written by Yinshun Wang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconducting technology is potentially important as one of the future smart grid technologies. It is a combination of superconductor materials, electrical engineering, cryogenic insulation, cryogenics and cryostats. There has been no specific book fully describing this branch of science and technology in electrical engineering. However, this book includes these areas, and is essential for those majoring in applied superconductivity in electrical engineering. Recently, superconducting technology has made great progress. Many universities and companies are involved in applied superconductivity with the support of government. Over the next five years, departments of electrical engineering in universities and companies will become more involved in this area. This book: • will enable people to directly carry out research on applied superconductivity in electrical engineering • is more comprehensive and practical when compared to other advances • presents a clear introduction to the application of superconductor in electrical engineering and related fundamental technologies • arms readers with the technological aspects of superconductivity required to produce a machine • covers power supplying technologies in superconducting electric apparatus • is well organized and adaptable for students, lecturers, researchers and engineers • lecture slides suitable for lecturers available on the Wiley Companion Website Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering is ideal for academic researchers, graduates and undergraduate students in electrical engineering. It is also an excellent reference work for superconducting device researchers and engineers.
Download or read book Application of Superconducting Magnesium Diboride MgB2 in Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities written by Teng Tan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The superconductivity in magnesium diboride (MgB2) was discovered in 2001. As a BCS superconductor, MgB2 has a record-high Tc of 39 K, high Jc of > 107 A/cm2 and no weak link behavior across the grain boundary. All these superior properties endorsed that MgB2 would have great potential in both power applications and electronic devices. In the past 15 years, MgB2 based power cables, microwave devices, and commercial MRI machines emerged and the next frontier are superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. SRF cavities are one of the leading accelerator technologies. In SRF cavities, applied microwave power generates electrical fields that accelerate particle beams. Compared with other accelerator techniques, SRF cavity accelerators feature low loss, high acceleration gradients and the ability to accelerate continuous particle beams. However, current SRF cavities are made from high-purity bulk niobium and work at 2 K in superfluid helium. The construction and operational cost of SRF cavity accelerators are very expensive. The demand for SRF cavity accelerators has been growing rapidly in the past decade. Therefore, a lot of effort has been devoted to the enhancement of the performance and the reduction of cost of SRF cavities. In 2010, an acceleration gradient of over 50 MV/m has been reported for a Nb-based SRF cavity. The magnetic field at the inner surface of such a cavity is ~ 1700 Oe, which is close to the thermodynamic critical field of Nb. Therefore, new materials and technologies are required to raise the acceleration gradient of future SRF cavity accelerators. Among all the proposed approaches, using MgB2 thin films to coat the inner surface of SRF cavities is one of the promising tactics with the potential to raise both the acceleration gradient and the operation temperature of SRF cavity accelerators. In this work, I present my study on MgB2 thin films for their application in SRF cavities. C-epitaxial MgB2 thin films grown on SiC(0001) substrates showed Tc > 41 K and Jc > 107 A/cm2, which is superior to bulk MgB2 samples. Polycrystalline MgB2 thin films grown on metal substrates showed similar Tc and Jc compared with bulk samples, indicating MgB2 is suitable for coating a metal cavity. Large c-pitaxial MgB2 thin films were grown on 2-inch diameter c-sapphire wafers, showing our technique is capable of depositing large area samples. The lower critical field (Hc1) of MgB2 thin films was measured as well as it is know that bulk MgB2 has a small Hc1 and would suffer from vortex penetration at low magnetic fields. The penetrating magnetic vortices would result in loss in an applied RF field. However, due to the geometry barrier, thin film MgB2 would have a higher Hc1 than the bulk material. In my experiments, the Hc1 of MgB2 thin films increased with decreasing film thickness. At 5 K, a 100 nm epitaxial MgB2 thin film showed enhanced Hc1 ~ 1880 Oe, which is higher than Hc1 of Nb at 2 K. This showed that MgB2 coated SRF cavities have the potential to work at higher magnetic fields and higher temperature. Because the magnetic field distribution in the thin film Hc1 measurement is different from the magnetic field in a real SRF cavity, a few Nb ellipsoids were machined and coated with MgB2. The ellipsoid only has a magnetic field outside its surface and can serve as an inverse SRF cavity in the vortex penetration measurement. In the experiments, vortices penetrate into the bulk Nb ellipsoid at a magnetic field 400 Oe lower than the vortex penetration field of MgB2 coated Nb ellipsoids. This result confirmed our prediction that MgB2 coated SRF cavities could work at higher magnetic fields, thus producing higher acceleration gradients. In the last part of this thesis, I discussed how I used the dielectric resonator technique to measure the surface resistance (Rs) and Tc of MgB2 thin films. While the sensitivity of this technique was not high enough to lead to reliable Rs values, it can still serve for the determination of Tc for large area samples that are too bulky for other measurement systems.
Download or read book Basic Macroscopic Principles of Applied Superconductivity written by V.R. Romanovskii and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-29 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Allows detailed understanding of the superconductivity phenomenon. Presents fundamental models describing interconnected electrodynamics and thermal phenomena in LTS and HTS superconductors with ideal and real voltage-current characteristics. Calculates boundary of superconducting state instability with respect to any disturbance according to formulated total mechanism of superconductivity distraction. Investigates the irreversible propagation of normal zone in current-carrying elements of superconducting magnets during flux creep. Describes quench phenomena in LTS and HTS superconductors.
Download or read book High Temperature Superconductivity 1 written by A. V. Narlikar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to research on the fundamental mechanisms of High-Temperature Superconductivity, in recent years we have seen enormous developments in the fabrication and application of High-Tc-superconductors. The two volumes of High Temperature Superconductivity provide a survey of the state of the technology and engineering applications of these materials. They comprise extended original research papers and technical review articles written by physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers, all of them noted experts in their fields. The interdisciplinary and strictly application-oriented coverage should benefit graduate students and academic researchers in the mentioned areas as well as industrial experts. Volume 1 "Materials" focuses on major technical advancements in High-Tc materials processing for applications. Volume 2 "Engineering Applications" covers numerous application areas where High-Tc superconductors are making tremendous impact.
