Download or read book Methods of Mass Balance Measurements and Modelling written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Workshop on Methods of Mass Balance Measurements and Modelling Tarfala Sweden August 1998 Proceedings written by P. JANSSON and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Himalayan Glaciers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific evidence shows that most glaciers in South Asia's Hindu Kush Himalayan region are retreating, but the consequences for the region's water supply are unclear, this report finds. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is the location of several of Asia's great river systems, which provide water for drinking, irrigation, and other uses for about 1.5 billion people. Recent studies show that at lower elevations, glacial retreat is unlikely to cause significant changes in water availability over the next several decades, but other factors, including groundwater depletion and increasing human water use, could have a greater impact. Higher elevation areas could experience altered water flow in some river basins if current rates of glacial retreat continue, but shifts in the location, intensity, and variability of rain and snow due to climate change will likely have a greater impact on regional water supplies. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security makes recommendations and sets guidelines for the future of climate change and water security in the Himalayan Region. This report emphasizes that social changes, such as changing patterns of water use and water management decisions, are likely to have at least as much of an impact on water demand as environmental factors do on water supply. Water scarcity will likely affect the rural and urban poor most severely, as these groups have the least capacity to move to new locations as needed. It is predicted that the region will become increasingly urbanized as cities expand to absorb migrants in search of economic opportunities. As living standards and populations rise, water use will likely increase-for example, as more people have diets rich in meat, more water will be needed for agricultural use. The effects of future climate change could further exacerbate water stress. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security explains that changes in the availability of water resources could play an increasing role in political tensions, especially if existing water management institutions do not better account for the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. To effectively respond to the effects of climate change, water management systems will need to take into account the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. This means it will be important to expand research and monitoring programs to gather more detailed, consistent, and accurate data on demographics, water supply, demand, and scarcity.
Download or read book Principles of Glacier Mechanics written by Roger LeB. Hooke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principles of glacier physics are developed from basic laws in this up-to-date third edition for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book Quantification and Reduction of the Uncertainty in Mass Balance Models by Monte Carlo Analysis of Prior Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general objective of this workshop is to investigate and discuss methods by which uncertainties in mass balance models for toxics in the Great Lakes may be reduced. As described by the workshop prospectus, this paper is focused on problems of reducing (and quantifying) uncertainty as they relate to ''in situ field observations/system response measurements for the establishment of initial conditions, boundary conditions, calibration/confirmation data sets, and model post-audit data sets.'' I have taken this description to refer not only to the evaluation of uncertainty in the field observations themselves, but also to the uncertainty associated the analyses of in situ observations as they interact in the overall modeling process. Thus, I will be concerned here with quantification and reduction of uncertainty both (1) as they may be applied to descriptions of the system that is being modeled and (2) as they may be associated with model simulations.
Download or read book Snow and Ice Related Hazards Risks and Disasters written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters provides you with the latest scientific developments in glacier surges and melting, ice shelf collapses, paleo-climate reconstruction, sea level rise, climate change implications, causality, impacts, preparedness, and mitigation. It takes a geo-scientific approach to the topic while also covering current thinking about directly related social scientific issues that can adversely affect ecosystems and global economies. Puts the contributions from expert oceanographers, geologists, geophysicists, environmental scientists, and climatologists selected by a world-renowned editorial board in your hands Presents the latest research on causality, glacial surges, ice-shelf collapses, sea level rise, climate change implications, and more Numerous tables, maps, diagrams, illustrations and photographs of hazardous processes will be included Features new insights into the implications of climate change on increased melting, collapsing, flooding, methane emissions, and sea level rise
Download or read book Minimal Glacier Models written by Johannes Oerlemans and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mass Balance of the Cryosphere written by Jonathan L. Bamber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed and comprehensive overview of observational and modelling techniques for all climate change, environmental science and glaciology researchers.
Download or read book Global Land Ice Measurements from Space written by Jeffrey S. Kargel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international team of over 150 experts provide up-to-date satellite imaging and quantitative analysis of the state and dynamics of the glaciers around the world, and they provide an in-depth review of analysis methodologies. Includes an e-published supplement. Global Land Ice Measurements from Space - Satellite Multispectral Imaging of Glaciers (GLIMS book for short) is the leading state-of-the-art technical and interpretive presentation of satellite image data and analysis of the changing state of the world's glaciers. The book is the most definitive, comprehensive product of a global glacier remote sensing consortium, Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS, http://www.glims.org). With 33 chapters and a companion e-supplement, the world's foremost experts in satellite image analysis of glaciers analyze the current state and recent and possible future changes of glaciers across the globe and interpret these findings for policy planners. Climate change is with us for some time to come, and its impacts are being felt by the world's population. The GLIMS Book, to be released about the same time as the IPCC's 5th Assessment report on global climate warming, buttresses and adds rich details and authority to the global change community's understanding of climate change impacts on the cryosphere. This will be a definitive and technically complete reference for experts and students examining the responses of glaciers to climate change. World experts demonstrate that glaciers are changing in response to the ongoing climatic upheaval in addition to other factors that pertain to the circumstances of individual glaciers. The global mosaic of glacier changes is documented by quantitative analyses and are placed into a perspective of causative factors. Starting with a Foreword, Preface, and Introduction, the GLIMS book gives the rationale for and history of glacier monitoring and satellite data analysis. It includes a comprehensive set of six "how-to" methodology chapters, twenty-five chapters detailing regional glacier state and dynamical changes, and an in-depth summary and interpretation chapter placing the observed glacier changes into a global context of the coupled atmosphere-land-ocean system. An accompanying e-supplement will include oversize imagery and other other highly visual renderings of scientific data.
Download or read book Glacier Mass balance Measurements written by Gunnar Østrem and published by Saskatoon, Sask. : National Hydrology Research Institute. This book was released on 1991 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of field methods for recording variations in glacier mass-balance studies, for use in Canada and Norway, including 'cold' or 'subpolar' glaciers. Includes sample forms, world overview of observations, and overviews of Canadian Arctic and Alaskan programs, with notes on remote sensing.
Download or read book Tropical Glaciers written by Georg Kaser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaciers in the tropics and their environmental consequences.
Download or read book Quantification and Reduction of the Uncertainty in Mass Balance Models by Monte Carlo Analysis of Prior Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Surface Energy Balance Models as a Means to Quantify Changes in Glacier Mass Balance written by Andrew Cody Beedlow and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the measured and modeled mass balance of the Collier Glacier, a small (0.70 km2), valley glacier located in the Oregon Cascade Range (44° 10' N, 121° 47' W). Here we present mass-balance measurements conducted for the 2009 and 2010 balance years on the Collier Glacier. The glacier has a unique photo record of retreat throughout the 20th century, thus making it one of the best-recorded glaciers in the Oregon Cascade Range. As part of the study, we installed and maintained automated weather stations (AWS) to collect data needed to apply and validate the OSU surface energy balance model (SEBM). The variations in the mass balance for the Collier Glacier continue previously determined variations where there are years with significant mass loss, and years of mass gain. The general form of the Collier Glacier's net balance did not change appreciably between 1989 and 2010, with high ablation gradients below the ELA and low gradients above the ELA. However, there was a slight increase in elevation of the location of maximum ablation as well as the terminus, coinciding with the decrease in surface area since completion of the last study in 1994. The net balance curve continues to translate back and forth along the x-axis from year to year depending on the timing and magnitude of winter snow accumulation and summer temperatures. These data suggest that potential negative balance years could result in an ELA that is above the icefall, exposing a significant amount of mass flux to the ablation area, enhancing ablation and subsequent retreat. Model results indicate that the OSU SEBM is capable of capturing the seasonal pattern of mass balance for the Collier Glacier. The model also shows good agreement both spatially and temporally with the mass-balance measurements conducted for the 2009 and 2010 balance years. Model experiments were conducted to compare model performance and investigate the superiority of more complex models with simpler approaches. Model comparisons between the OSU SEBM calculating the turbulent heat fluxes with the bulk method showed similar performances with the SEBM calculating the turbulent heat fluxes with a simpler transfer coefficient method. Furthermore, the OSU SEBM was also compared to a simple positive degree-day (PDD) model. Model simulations indicated that the PDD model explained approximately 82% of the variance in summer ablation, while the SEBM explained approximately 78% of the variance in summer ablation. These results indicate that simpler methods to model glacier mass balance may be just as effective as the more complex methods.
Download or read book Assessment of Treatment Plant Performance and Water Quality Data A Guide for Students Researchers and Practitioners written by Marcos von Sperling and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-15 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basic principles for evaluating water quality and treatment plant performance in a clear, innovative and didactic way, using a combined approach that involves the interpretation of monitoring data associated with (i) the basic processes that take place in water bodies and in water and wastewater treatment plants and (ii) data management and statistical calculations to allow a deep interpretation of the data. This book is problem-oriented and works from practice to theory, covering most of the information you will need, such as (a) obtaining flow data and working with the concept of loading, (b) organizing sampling programmes and measurements, (c) connecting laboratory analysis to data management, (e) using numerical and graphical methods for describing monitoring data (descriptive statistics), (f) understanding and reporting removal efficiencies, (g) recognizing symmetry and asymmetry in monitoring data (normal and log-normal distributions), (h) evaluating compliance with targets and regulatory standards for effluents and water bodies, (i) making comparisons with the monitoring data (tests of hypothesis), (j) understanding the relationship between monitoring variables (correlation and regression analysis), (k) making water and mass balances, (l) understanding the different loading rates applied to treatment units, (m) learning the principles of reaction kinetics and reactor hydraulics and (n) performing calibration and verification of models. The major concepts are illustrated by 92 fully worked-out examples, which are supported by 75 freely-downloadable Excel spreadsheets. Each chapter concludes with a checklist for your report. If you are a student, researcher or practitioner planning to use or already using treatment plant and water quality monitoring data, then this book is for you! 75 Excel spreadsheets are available to download.
Download or read book Theoretical Considerations and a Simple Method for Measuring Alkalinity and Acidity in Low pH Waters by Gran Titration written by Julia L. Barringer and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determining the Ability of Terrestrial Time lapse Microgravity Surveying on a Glacier to Find Summer Mass Balance Using Gravitational Modeling written by Emma Victoria Young and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass loss of alpine glaciers presently account for about half of the cryospheric contribution to the global sea-level rise. Mass balance of alpine glaciers has predominantly been monitored by; (1) glaciological and hydrological methods, and (2) satellite gravimetric methods using data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. However, the former can be logistically costly and have large extrapolation errors: measurements taken at monthly temporal scales are expensive and have a spatial resolution of roughly one kilometer. The latter provides monthly mass-balance estimates of aggregates of alpine glaciers, although the spatial resolution (~300 km) is far too coarse for assessing individual glaciers' mass balance. Ground-based, time-lapse microgravity measurements can potentially overcome some of the disadvantages of the glaciological, hydrological, and satellite gravitational methods for assessing mass changes and their spatial distribution on a single glacier. Gravity models were utilized to predict the gravity signals of the summer-time mass balance, changes in the seasonal snow cover outside of the glacier, and the vertical gravity gradient (VGG) needed for the free-air correction on Wolverine Glacier, AK. The modeled gravity signal of the summer-time mass balance (average of -0.237 mGal) is more than an order of magnitude larger than the uncertainty of conventional relative gravimeters (±0.007 mGal). Therefore, modeling predict that the time-lapse gravitational method could detect the summer-time mass balance on Wolverine Glacier. The seasonal snow effect was shown to have the greatest influence (~ -0.15 mGal) on the outer 100 m boundary of the glacier and minimal effect (~ -0.02 mGal) towards the center, both larger than the uncertainty of relative gravimeters. The VGG has a positive deviation, about -0.1 to -0.2 mGal/m, from the normal VGG (-0.309 mGal/m). Thus, seasonal snow effect and VGG need to be correctly accounted for when processing gravity measurements to derive the residual gravity signal of the glacier mass balance. Accurate measurements of elevation changes, seasonal snow depth, and the VGG should be performed in future gravity surveys of glaciers.
Download or read book SIPRE Report written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
