Download or read book Peptide Research Protocols written by Janet J. Maguire and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A panel of multidisciplinary experts describes in detail readily reproducible methods to investigate all aspects of the endothelin system from its synthesis and metabolism, to its function in health and disease. Theses methods use state-of-the-art molecular techniques to quantify the expression of mRNA for both endothelin receptors and the endothelin converting enzymes. They show how peptides, precursors, receptors, and synthetic enzymes can be localized and quantified in plasma, culture supernatants, tissue homogenate, and tissue sections using antibodies. Several in vivo protocols illustrate the role of the endothelin peptides in healthy human individuals and describe animal models that can be used to predict the therapeutic potential of cardiovascular drugs that manipulate endothelin synthesis or function.
Download or read book Protein Misfolding and Disease written by Peter Bross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades it has been known that structured conformations are important for the proper functioning of most cellular proteins. However, appreciation that protein folding to the functional conformations as well as the structural maintenance of protein molecules are very complex processes has only emerged during the last ten years. The intimate interplay uncovered by this scientific development led us to realize that perturbations of the protein folding process and disturbances of conformational maintenance are major disease mechanisms. This development has given rise to the concept of conformational diseases and the broader signature of protein folding diseases, comprising diseases in which mutations or environmental stresses may result in a partial misfolding that leads then to alternative conformations capable of disturbing cellular processes. This may happen by self-association (aggregation), as in prion and Alzheimer’s diseases, or by incorporation of alternatively folded subunits into structural entities, as in collagen diseases. Another possibility is that folding to the native structure is impaired or abolished, resulting in decreased stea- state levels of the correctly folded protein, as is observed in cystic fibrosis and 1-antitrypsin deficiency, as well as in many enzyme deficiencies. In addition, deficiencies of proteins that are engaged in assisting and supervising protein folding (protein quality control) may impair the folding of many other proteins, resulting in pathological phenotypes. Examples of this are the spastic paraplegia attributable to mutations in mitochondrial protease/chaperone complexes.
Download or read book The Pharmacology of Functional Biochemical and Recombinant Receptor Systems written by T. Kenakin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This, the 148th volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology series, focuses on the very core of pharmacology, namely receptor theory. It is fitting that the originator of receptor pharmacology, A. J. CLARK, authored the fourth volume of this series 63 years ago. In that volume CLARK further developed his version of receptor theory first described four years earlier in his classic book The Mode of Action of Drugs. An examination of the topics covered in volume 4 reveals a striking similarity to the topics covered in this present volume; pharmacologists today are still as interested in unlocking the secrets of dose-response relationships to reveal the biological and che mical basis of drug action as they were over half a century ago. Sections in that 1937 volume such as "Curves relating exposure to drugs with biological effects" and "Implications of monomolecular theory" show Clark's keen insight into the essential questions that required answers to move pharma cology forward. With the advent of molecular biological cloning of human receptors has come a transformation of receptor pharmacology. Thus the expression of human receptors into surrogate host cells helped unlock secrets of receptor mechanisms and stimulus-transduction pathways. To a large extent, this elim inates the leap of faith required to apply receptor activity of drugs tested on animal receptor systems to the human therapeutic arena. However, a new leap of faith concerning the veracity of the effects found in recombinant systems with respect to natural ones is now required.
Download or read book Lentivirus Gene Engineering Protocols written by Maurizio Federico and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell gene engineering is emerging as a field with outstanding impact, not only in medicine/biology, but also, and perhaps most importantly, in agriculture and in all those food sciences involved in the fight against world hunger. Lentivirus vector-based technologies represent the last frontier in the development of powerful and reliable methods for both in vitro and in vivo gene transfer in eukaryotic animal cells. Although the design of lentivirus vectors is closely reminiscent of those already successfully applied to the construction of oncoretroviral vectors, some unique features, e.g., the ef- ciency in transducing both postmitotic and stem cells, render the use of lentivirus vectors invaluable. It has been a great pleasure to edit Lentivirus Gene Engineering Pro- cols, owing in part to the high level of enthusiasm that the authors dem- strated in contributing to this book. The fact that so many outstanding scientists engaged in lentivirus vector research have provided articles renders it so- thing more than a technical handbook. In addition to detailed descriptions of the most innovative methodologies, the reader may find very informative ov- views concerning both theoretical and practical aspects of the origin and the development of diverse lentivirus vector types. This, in my opinion, rep- sents a unique added value of this volume, which should help our work resist the passage of time, to which books such as this are particularly sensitive.
Download or read book Membrane Transporters written by Qing Yan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of membrane transporters have had great impact on our und- standing human diseases and the design of effective drugs. About 30% of current clinically marketed drugs are targeting membrane transporters or channels. Membrane Transporters: Methods and Protocols provides various practical methodologies for the ongoing research on membrane transporters. To provide readers the most up-to-date information, several emerging fields and methodologies are embraced in this book, including pharmacogenomics, bioin-formatics, and microarray technology. Pharmacogenomics studies of membrane transporters are useful in drug discovery and in predicting drug responses in the clinic. In this volume, the current status of pharma- genomics studies of transporters is reviewed and research methodologies in this field are described. Transporter classification is important in studying the structure and function of membrane transporters and has thus triggered intensive interest in recent years. Membrane Transporters: Methods and Protocols provides a systematic classification of all transmembrane transport proteins found in living org- isms on Earth. This classification system will be helpful for further studies on various aspects of membrane transporters, especially for such large-scale gene expression studies as those employing microarray technologies. Bioinformatics is frequently used in transporter studies and has become indispensable for all kinds of research methods. Commonly used bio- formatics methods, such as databases and tools for sequence analysis and - tif studies, are explained in order to facilitate membrane transporters research. Because of heterogeneous sources and tremendous amounts of data, data in- gration has become one of the most important issues in transporter studies.
Download or read book The British National Bibliography written by Arthur James Wells and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book GTPase Protocols written by Ed Manser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 10 years researchers have firmly established key roles for R- related GTPases in almost every aspect of cell biology. In the 1980s the pro- oncogene Ras itself was the focus of interest, though in the 1990s this shifted to the increasing variety of Ras-related proteins. In this new decade much yet needs to be done to establish the role for all the small GTPases now uncovered by the human genome project. In particular, these GTPases need to be und- stood in the appropriate biochemical and cellular contexts. In the process of trying to uncover the role of these versatile proteins, a variety of novel te- niques and methodologies has been developed. These now enable investi- tors to move easily within a diversity of fields ranging from structural studies to real-time in vivo analysis of a GTPase. In recognition of the need for access to key background methodologies, GTPase Protocols: The Ras Superfamily is devoted to techniques that are pr- ently widely used and that will continue to be the standard for researchers worldwide. Each chapter is aimed at supplying detailed methodologies to allow reproduction in any laboratory, while also providing the general pr- ciples on which the methods are based. Some of the techniques grouped in the first section apply broadly to small GTPases, whereas others in Part II are more applicable within each GTPase subfamily.
Download or read book Subject Guide to Books in Print written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 2460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liposome Methods and Protocols written by Subhash C. Basu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In vitro utilization of liposomes is now recognized as a powerful tool in many bioscience investigations and their associated clinical studies, e.g., liposomes in drug targeting; liposomes in gene transport across plasma and nuclear membranes; liposomes in enzyme therapy in patients with genetic disorders. However, before these areas can be effectively explored, many basic areas in liposome research require elucidation, including: (a) attachment of liposomes to cell surfaces; (b) permeation of liposomes through the plasma membranes; and (c) stability of liposomes in cell or nuclear matrices. None of these areas have been exhaustively explored and liposome researchers have ample opportunities to contribute to our knowledge. The aim of Liposome Methods and Protocols is to bring together a wide range of detailed laboratory protocols covering different aspects of liposome biology in order to assist researchers in those rapidly advancing medical fields mentioned earlier. With this goal in mind, in each protocol chapter we have detailed the materials to be used, followed by a step-by-step protocol. The Notes section of each protocol is also certain to prove particularly useful, since the authors include troubleshooting tips straight from their benchtops, valuable information that is seldom given in restricted methods sections of standard research journals. For this reason we feel that the book will prove especially useful for all researchers in the liposome field.
Download or read book Peptide Synthesis written by Waleed M. Hussein and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a variety of procedures for synthetically producing peptides and their derivatives, ensuring the kind of precision that is of paramount importance for successful synthesis. Numerous techniques relevant to drugs and vaccines are explored, such as conjugation and condensation methodologies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Peptide Synthesis: Methods and Protocols serves as an essential guide to the many crucial processes that will allow researchers to efficiently prepare, purify, characterize, and use peptides for chemical, biochemical, and biological studies.
Download or read book Superantigen Protocols written by Teresa Krakauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading researchers in the biological, chemical, and physical investigation of superantigens describe in step-by-step detail their best experimental techniques to assess the physical characteristics and biological effects of superantigens. Their protocols range from those for investigating the interactions of superantigens with cellular receptors to those for the analysis of their immunological and biological effects, including methods for using BIOcore to determine binding kinetics and establishing various lymphocyte cell culture systems. There are also accounts of such methods as the RNase protection assay, cytokine ELISA, FACS analysis, and cytokine production at the single cell level..
Download or read book MHC Protocols written by Stephen H. Powis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of MHC Protocols is to document protocols that can be used for the analysis of genetic variation within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC; HLA region). The human MHC encompasses approximately 4 million base pairs on the short arm of chromosome 6 at cytogenetic location 6p21. 3. The region is divided into three subregions. The telomeric class I region contains the genes that encode the HLA class I molecules HLA-A, -B, and -C. The centromeric class II region contains the genes encoding the HLA class II molecules HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP. In between is the class III region, originally identified because it contains genes encoding components of the complement pathway. The entire human MHC has recently been sequenced (1) and each subregion is now known to contain many other genes, a number of which have immunological functions. The study of polymorphism within the MHC is well established, because the region contains the highly polymorphic HLA genes. HLA polymorphism has been used extensively in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation to match donors and recipients. As a result, large numbers of HLA alleles have been identified, a process that has been further driven by recent interest in HLA gene diversity in ethnic populations. The extreme genetic variation in HLA genes is believed to have been driven by the evolutionary response to infectious agents, but relatively few studies have analyzed associations between HLA genetic variation and infectious disease, which has been difficult to demonstrate.
Download or read book Peptide Nucleic Acids written by Peter E. Nielsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have now existed for slightly more than ten years, with the interest in and applications of this pseudopeptide DNA mimic steadily increasing during the entire period. PNAs have rapidly attracted the attention of scientists from a diversity of fields ranging from (bio)organic and biophysical chemistry to prebiotic evolution, and from molecular biology to genetic diagnostics and drug development. Many of the applications take advantage of the unique properties of PNA—an uncharged pseudopeptide—that distinguish this DNA mimic from more traditional DNA analogs. Rather than trying to create a comprehensive collection of all published methods and protocols involving PNA—many of which have not yet been validated— I have decided to concentrate on select protocols that are either very well established by several groups around the world, such as PCR-clamping and in situ hybridization, or on new methods that may have broader future impact. Basic methods for PNA oligomer synthesis and analyses have also been included. I am very grateful to those friends and colleagues who have enthusiastically contributed their work, discussions, and writing, and thereby made this book possible. Peter E. Nielsen v Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix IINTRODUCTION 1 PNA Technology Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 II CHEMISTRY 2 Solid Phase Synthesis of PNA Oligomers Frederik Beck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 Synthesis of PNA-Peptide Conjugates Satish Kumar Awasthi and Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4 Parallel Synthesis of PNA-Peptide Conjugate Libraries Satish Kumar Awasthi and Peter E. Nielsen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Download or read book Peptide Synthesis and Applications written by John Howl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hands-on experts describe in step-by-step detail the key methodologies of contemporary peptide synthesis and illustrate their numerous applications. The techniques presented include protocols for chemical ligation, the synthesis of cyclic and phosphotyrosine-containing peptides, lipoamino acid- and sugar-conjugated peptides, and peptide purification and analyses. Additional chapters detail methodologies and instrumentation for high-throughput peptide synthesis, many different applications of peptides as novel research tools and biological probes, and the design and application of fluorescent substrate-based peptides that can be used to determine the selectivity and activity of peptidases. A practical guide to the identification of proteins using mass spectrometric analyses of peptide mixtures is also included.
Download or read book p53 Protocols written by Sumitra Deb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of p53 as a tumor suppressor, numerous methods have evolved to reveal the unique structural features and biochemical functions of this protein. Several unique properties of p53 posed a challenge to understa- ing its normal function in the initial phase of its research. The low levels of p53 in normal cells, its stabilization under situations of genotoxic stress, induction of growth arrest, and apoptosis with stabilization of the protein, obstructed the visibility of its normal, unmutated function. The property of p53 that can sense a promoter and transactivate or inhibit is still not well understood. It is still not known whether it is the absence of the protein that causes tumorigenesis, or if its mutants have a dominant role in inducing cancer. p53 Protocols comprises eighteen chapters for the study of the diverse properties of p53 and related proteins. The methods included are invaluable for delineating the function of other proteins that may function as tumor suppr- sors or growth suppressors. The chapters are not presented in any schematic order, for the importance and diversity of the functions of p53 make it imp- sible to organize them suitably. We have made a sincere effort to collect the methods most useful to those investigators working on tumor suppressors or growth suppressors. The purpose of p53 Protocols is not only to provide investigators with methods to analyze similar biochemical functions, but also to familiarize them with the associated problems that arose during the course of investigations.
Download or read book Forthcoming Books written by Rose Arny and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inflammation Protocols written by Paul G. Winyard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation has been described as the basis of many pathologies of human disease. When one considers the updated signs of inflammation, they would be vasodilation, cell migration, and, in the case of chronic inflam- tion, cell proliferation, often with an underlying autoimmune basis. Gen- ally, inflammation may be divided into acute, chronic, and autoimmune, - though the editors believe that most, if not all, chronic states are often the result of an autoimmune response to an endogenous antigen. Thus, a proper understanding of the inflammatory basis may provide clues to new therap- tic targets not only in classical inflammatory diseases, but atherosclerosis, cancer, and ischemic heart disease as well. The lack of advances in classical inflammatory diseases, such as rh- matoid arthritis, may in part arise from a failure to classify the disease into different forms. That different forms exist is exemplified in patients with d- fering responses to existing antiinflammatory drugs, ranging from nonresponders to very positive responders for a particular nonsteroidal an- inflammatory drug (NSAID). Though researchers have progressively unr- eled the mechanisms, the story is far from complete. It should also be noted that the inflammatory response is part of the innate immune response, or to use John Hunter’s words in 1795, “inflammation is a salutary response.” That may be applied in particular to the defensive response to invading micro- ganisms.
