Download or read book Methods for Assessment of Data poor Shark Species written by Taylor Kryst Chapple and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Preliminary Evaluation of the Status of Shark Species written by José Ignacio Castro and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The status of shark species is reviewed based on the available data. A review of the history of shark fisheries demonstrates that intensive shark fisheries are not sustainable. Numerous problems are encountered in assessing shark populations: a general lack of biological and fishery data, lack of suitable models, and lack of validated age estimates. Sharks have an unusual combination of biological characteristics: slow growth and delayed maturation, long reproductive cycles, low fecundity and long life spans. These characteristics make them vulnerable to overfishing. A preliminary evaluation of the status of shark species is made on the basis of historical data, the reproductive potential of each species, and the level of exploitation of the species. In this document, exploited shark species are classified numerically according to their vulnerability. The majority of these species are listed as Category 1, indicating that there are not sufficient data to assess the species. Available data indicate that sharks are very vulnerable and are threatened by overexploitation in many parts of the world.
Download or read book Better data collection in shark fisheries Learning from practice written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some species and stocks of sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras (termed shark in this review) are rapidly depleting due to climate change, land-based influences, and overfishing. These pressures, coupled with sharks’ low reproductive potential (slow growth and delayed maturation; long reproductive cycles; low fecundity; and long lifespans) place sharks in a risk profile that is more akin to mammals on land than fish in the ocean. The development of policy, and the delivery of management and conservation measures regulating the use, international trade, and capture of sharks (whether as a targeted species or as bycatch in fisheries), is hindered by gaps in basic knowledge – a knowledge that is required in order to get a clear sense of their status in real-time. Many countries are establishing or strengthening monitoring across shark value chains to overcome these shortfalls in information. This document reviews what shark fisheries data is being collected, highlighting the opportunities and constraints in collecting information on sharks in fisheries, based on practical experience. It includes information from 28 surveys across 19 countries: 9 in the Mediterranean, 5 in Africa, 3 in Asia, and 1 in Oceania. Interviews were conducted with data collectors and managers across the entirety of the survey process, while data collection variables were documented in order to inform those interested in the collection, provision, and exchange of shark information on common practices and their commonalities. The review identifies standardized information metrics which, if collected more generally, would strengthen the opportunity for harmonized reporting and cross-comparability across surveys. In addition – and in order to assess the status quo – the current data collection requirements of management measures applied to sharks by regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) were reviewed, including “no retention” measures. Finally, the review proposes a list of the minimum standard measurements and common life-history parameters required to support the assessment of shark stocks in fisheries.
Download or read book Tropical Snappers And Groupers written by Jeffrey Joseph Polovina and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1987-01-05 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shark Vulnerability to Fishery Interactions written by Austin J Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impacts of fisheries capture on the physiology, behavior, and survival of sharks have previously been investigated via both laboratory and field studies, and have primarily been conducted in temperate waters on species commonly encountered in pelagic commercial fisheries, or with juveniles of small species which can be easily maintained in captivity. In contrast, relatively little attention has been directed towards shark capture stress and survival research in subtropical or coastal areas which contain a higher diversity of species that can also be fished nearly year-round by both commercial and recreational industries. Furthermore, the vast majority of previous work to date has relied heavily on comparing means between species for selected parameters without investigating the gradients in fishery-related variables such as hooking duration, water temperature, and animal size on stress and survival rates. Most studies have focused on either physiology or survival rates (either at-vessel, or post-release), and have not integrated methods to study the combined effects of capture for an improved assessment of vulnerability. Moreover, previous work has not included evaluations of shark behavior when captured, nor the human dimensions component (i.e., angler perceptions of risk) of capture and release. To address these knowledge gaps, I conducted an integrated, multipronged dissertation to assess shark vulnerability to fisheries interactions. To evaluate which factors affected shark survival, I first examined a database on shark survival in the National Marine Fisheries Service's Pelagic Observer Program and investigated the at-vessel survival of 12 shark species captured as bycatch over 12 years in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. I used regression to model survival inclusive of recorded fishery-related variables which would potentially affect catch/survival for each species. After identifying a range of species-specific survival rates, I then used an experimental approach to investigate the physiological reactions, behavioral responses and survival outcomes of six coastal shark species to fisheries interactions (the process of capture and release). I performed a series of integrated field studies, including (1) blood physiological sampling, reflex performance analysis, and biotelemetry; and (2) high-resolution analysis of behavioral responses using accelerometers attached to fishing gear. Finally, I surveyed Florida saltwater recreational anglers on their conservation attitudes and perceptions towards sharks and their vulnerability to post-release mortality resulting from capture and release. Using these data, I tested the following major hypotheses: (1-null) there would be no species-specific influences of operational, environmental, or biological variables on the at-vessel hooking survival of sharks captured as bycatch; (2) the magnitude of physiological disturbance and reflex impairment in captured sharks would be correlated with hooking duration; (3) physiological disturbance and reflex impairment would be significantly influenced by biological characteristics including shark size and species; (4) satellite telemetry reporting rates would be lowest for species exhibiting higher physiological disturbance and reflex impairment; (5) species with the lowest survival rates and highest physiological stress responses would show the greatest acceleration and fighting intensities; (6) fisher demographic and subjective knowledge variables would have no influence on their conservation ethic or perceptions of shark vulnerability to recreational fishing activities; (7) anglers would not rank the threatened status of shark species differently. Results from the longline assessment indicated that survival for seven of the 12 pelagic shark species was significantly affected by at least one operational, environmental, or biological variable, and that survival rates ranged from low (33%, night shark) to very high (97%, tiger shark). Species with the highest vulnerability rankings exhibited low survival rates, low reproductive potential, and slow attainment of maturity. Field results suggested that the physiological parameter most indicative of exhaustive exercise (i.e., lactate) was significantly correlated with hooking duration and animal size. Survival rates from empirical satellite tagging efforts significantly differed between species, ranging from ~50% in great hammerhead sharks to almost 100% in tiger sharks. Sharks with the highest stress responses (blood physiology and reflex impairment) and lowest survival rates exhibited the highest acceleration forces and rates when hooked, and these species tended to exhibit lifestyles with higher metabolic demands. Survey results suggested that fishers generally comprehended the issues of post-release mortality and sharks as a species of conservation concern, but the concept of inherent species vulnerability in capture and release interactions was less understood. For the most part, the sample of anglers also ranked the vulnerabilities of shark species similarly to those obtained empirically in other parts of this dissertation. By combining results from my field studies in Florida, a range of vulnerabilities to fisheries capture and release were evident for the six species, and were distributed as follows (from most vulnerable to least vulnerable): Great hammerhead, blacktip, bull, lemon, tiger, nurse. Overall, the findings from this dissertation suggest that: (1) Shark vulnerability and the manner in which biotic and abiotic factors affect stress and survival in fisheries interactions is highly species-specific; (2) Species exhibiting the most pronounced physiological and behavioral stress responses, lowest survival rates at-vessel and post-release, and highest vulnerability appear to be species with high metabolic rates, active lifestyles, and specialized morphology or ecology; (3) life-history correlates of biological productivity in isolation do not explain species' vulnerability; (4) a perceived knowledge of shark conservation issues in the angling community may be one of the best predictors of conservation-based choices and behaviors; namely the willingness to select species as 'threatened' and adopt additional management tools for species' recovery; (5) a combination of species-specific guidelines (capture regulations, avoiding or limiting encounters) and ecosystem-based management tools (marine protected areas) may provide the greatest benefits for species which are highly vulnerable to fisheries interactions and currently in decline, such as hammerhead sharks; and (6) evolutionary and ecological variables or traits may be useful in understanding patterns of shark vulnerability to human-induced stressors .
Download or read book Advances in Fisheries Science written by Andrew I. L. Payne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book brings readers up to date on the wide range of advances made in fisheries science since the publication in 1957 of On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations (Beverton and Holt), regarded by many fisheries scientists as one of the most important books on fisheries yet published. Traditional fishery subjects covered include historic declines and changes in fishing fleets, fisheries management and stock assessments, data-poor situations, simulation and modelling of fished stocks, fisheries economics, assessing reproductive potential and dispersal of larvae, fisheries for sharks and rays, and use of marine technology. Additionally, related subjects of increasing importance now that ecological approaches to management are coming to the fore are presented. They include benthic ecology, ecosystem changes linked to fishing, life history theory, the effects of chemicals on fish reproduction, and use of sounds in the sea by marine life. Several chapters offer stimulating philosophical discussion of the many controversial areas still existing. This significant book, edited by Andy Payne, John Cotter and Ted Potter and containing contributions by world-renowned fisheries scientists, including many based at Cefas (where Beverton and Holt's original work was carried out) is an essential purchase for fisheries managers and scientists, fish biologists, marine scientists and ecologists. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where fisheries and biological sciences are studied and taught are likely to need copies of this landmark publication.
Download or read book Terminal evaluation of the areas beyond national jurisdiction ABNJ Tuna project part of the Global sustainable fisheries management and biodiversity conservation in ABNJ written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) comprise 40 percent of the earth’s surface, covering 64 percent of the surface of the ocean and 95 percent of its volume. The Common Oceans ABNJ Programme (2014-2019) was implemented by FAO as a concerted effort to bring stakeholders to work together to manage and conserve the world’s common oceans. The ABNJ Tuna project, one component of the Common Oceans ABNJ Programme, promoted important transformational changes in the management practices of tuna fisheries, improving their sustainability, strengthening Marine Stewardship Council capabilities of tuna regional fisheries management organizations (t-RFMOs) and their members, and significantly reducing their impact on biodiversity. The project generated knowledge but lacked a structured mechanism and strategy to harvest and disseminate it. Similarly to the programme level evaluation report, the programmatic approach component, the partnership framework, as well as how to foster synergies among projects and capitalization of knowledge management should be strengthened.
Download or read book Northeast Pacific Shark Biology Research and Conservation Part B written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Northeast Pacific Shark Biology, Research and Conservation, Part B, Volume 78, the latest release in the Advances in Marine Biology series contains updated chapters that focus on a variety of topics, including, but not limited to, an Introduction to Northeast Pacific shark biology, ecology, and conservation, Shark Interactions with Directed and Incidental Fisheries in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: historic and current encounters and challenges for shark conservation, An Introduction to modeling abundance and demographic parameters in shark populations, and Sharks in Captivity: The Role of Husbandry, Breeding, Education and Citizen Science in Shark Conservation. Specialty areas in this longstanding series include marine science, both applied and basic, a wide range of topical areas from all areas of marine ecology, oceanography, fisheries management and molecular biology, and the full range of geographic areas from polar seas, to tropical coral reefs are included making this an ideal reference and resource for postgraduates and researchers in a variety of fields. - Reviews articles on the latest advances in marine biology - Authored by leading figures in their respective fields of study - Presents materials that are widely used by managers, students, and academic professionals in the marine sciences - Provides value to anyone studying bottlenose dolphins, deep-sea macrofauna, marine invertebrates, pinna nobilis and ecology, amongst other study areas
Download or read book Quantitatively Defining Biological and Economic Reference Points in Data Poor Fisheries written by Shijie Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sharks Conservation Governance and Management written by Erika J. Techera and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key aim of this book is to explore the global conservation and management of sharks. There has been a rapid decline in populations of many shark species, while new science has emerged of the critical role they play in marine ecosystems. However, the authors show that conservation law and policy have been slow to develop, with only a small number of iconic species being protected worldwide. The increase in fishing impact – primarily through shark finning and by-catch - has led to shark conservation receiving greater international attention in recent years. The book explores our current knowledge and status of the law and science in relation to sharks with a particular focus on improving frameworks for their conservation and management. Recent trends are analysed, including shark finning bans that have been put in place in several countries, the widening number of nations establishing shark sanctuaries and the growth of shark-based tourism. The efficacy of current listing processes for endangered species and fisheries regulations is also examined. Tourism is explored as an alternative to fishing and the risks and impacts associated with this industry are analysed. Contributors include leading authorities from universities and conservation organizations in North America, Europe and Australia. A common theme is to emphasise the importance of collaborative governance between various interest groups and the need for inter-disciplinary research and management approaches that are necessary to address the decline in sharks.
Download or read book Shark Research written by Jeffrey C Carrier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the study of shark biology has benefited from the development, refinement, and rapid expansion of novel techniques and advances in technology. These have given new insight into the fields of shark genetics, feeding, foraging, bioenergetics, imaging, age and growth, movement, migration, habitat preference, and habitat use. This pioneering book, written by experts in shark biology, examines technologies such as autonomous vehicle tracking, underwater video approaches, molecular genetics techniques, and accelerometry, among many others. Each detailed chapter offers new insights and promises for future studies of elasmobranch biology, provides an overview of appropriate uses of each technique, and can be readily extended to other aquatic fish and marine mammals and reptiles. Including chapter authors who were pioneers in developing some of the technologies discussed in the book, this book serves as the first single-source reference with in-depth coverage of techniques appropriate for the laboratory and field study of sharks, skates, and rays. It concludes with a unique section on Citizen Science and its application to studies of shark biology. This is a must-read for any marine biologist or scientist working in the field of shark biology, as well as marine biology students and graduates.
Download or read book Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives Second Edition written by Jeffrey C. Carrier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-09 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virtually every area of research associated with sharks and their relatives has been strongly impacted by the revolutionary growth in technology. The questions we can now ask are very different than those reported even two decades ago. Modern immunological and genetic techniques, satellite telemetry and archival tagging, modern phylogenetic analysis, GIS, and bomb dating, are just a few of the techniques and procedures that have become a part of our investigative lexicon. A modern synthesis of the biology of Chondrichthyans, Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, Second Edition discusses significant advances in the development and application of new molecular techniques to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among and between these groups. The book considers the effect of global changes on the status of sharks and their relatives, and how advances in technology and analytical techniques have changed not only how we approach problem solving and scientific investigations, but how we formulate questions. The book also introduces applications of new and novel laboratory devices, techniques, and field instruments. This second edition of the award winning and groundbreaking original exploration of the fundamental elements of the taxonomy, systematics, physiology, and ecology of sharks, skates, rays, and chimera, presents cohesive and integrated coverage of key topics and discusses technological advances used in modern shark research. Offering a well-rounded picture for students and researchers, and far above competitors in scope and research, this new volume holds a wealth of data on the current status of Chondrichthyan research and provides the basis and springboard for original research. Cover photo by Justin Gilligan
Download or read book Non destructive Techniques for Rapid Assessment of Shark Abundance in Northern Australia written by Mark Gregory Meekan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sharks of the Open Ocean written by Merry D. Camhi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-21 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important and exciting title represents the first authoritative volume focussed on pelagic (open ocean) sharks as a group. Virtually every pelagic shark expert in the world has contributed to this landmark publication which includes the latest data and knowledge on pelagic shark biology, fisheries, management, and conservation. Pelagic sharks face unprecedented levels of exploitation in all the world's oceans through both direct fisheries and by-catch, and effective management for these species is contingent upon solid science and data, which this book brings together for the first time. All those involved in shark biology will need to have a copy of this book.
Download or read book Biology and Stock Assessment of Western Australia s Commercially Important Shark Species written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Data limited Research in Stock Assessment to Increase the Understanding of Fisheries Resources and Inform and Improve Management Efforts written by Giuseppe Scarcella and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-10 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sharks and Their Relatives written by Merry Camhi and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1998 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sharks and their relatives, the rays and chimaeras, are the diverse group of cartilaginous fishes that have evolved over 400 million years. Historically considered of low economic value to large-scale fisheries, today many of these fishes have become the target of directed commercial and recreational fisheries around the world, and they are increasingly taken in the by-catch of fisheries targeting other species. This report emphasizes the widely-acknowledged need to improve shark fishery monitoring, expand biological research and take management action. It serves as an introduction to the ecology, status and conservation of the sharks and their relatives for a general audience. Shark fisheries can only be managed sustainably, and shark populations remain viable, with the introduction of new conservation and management initiatives.
